Impact of soaking duration on chitosan yield and functional properties from shrimp shell

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of varying soaking times on the production of chitosan from shrimp shells. A sample of fresh shrimp shells was obtained from a market in Malacca, Malaysia, and pre-treated by washing, drying, and pulverizing into a homogeneous powder. The synthesis process involved three primary steps: demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation. Each step was executed under different conditions for four samples (S1-S4) to examine the impact of soaking duration on chitosan yield and properties. Demineralization was achieved using 1 M HCl, while deproteinization involved treatment with 1 M NaOH, both with varying soaking times. Deacetylation was conducted with 12.5 M NaOH at different temperatures and durations. The resultant chitosan was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of characteristic chitosan functional groups, with higher degrees of deacetylation (DD%) corresponding to increased soaking times. XRD analysis indicated an amorphous structure for all samples, with S4 displaying the lowest crystallinity at the highest DD%. UV-Vis analysis confirmed that all samples were soluble in 1% acetic acid, suggesting good purity. The findings demonstrate that while soaking times affect the DD% and crystallinity of chitosan, all samples remained soluble and suitable for further applications. This work demonstrates that while soaking times affect the DD% and crystallinity of chitosan, all samples remained soluble and suitable for further applications. This study provides insights into optimizing chitosan production with variations in soaking time conditions.

Keywords

• Chitin
• Chitosan
• Soaking Time

References

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