Research Article
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Year 2021, , 16 - 28, 18.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.46572/naturengs.931954

Abstract

References

  • [1] Santos, S.S.G., Silva, H.R.M., Souza, de A.G., Alves, A.P.M., Silva Filho, da E.C. and Fonseca, M.G. (2015). Acid-leached mixed vermiculites obtained by treatment with nitric acid, Applied Clay Science, 104: 286–294.
  • [2] Krupskayaa, V., Novikovad, L., Tyupinaee, E., Belousova, P., Dorzhievaa, O., Zakusina, S., Kimh, K., Roessneri, F., Badettij, E., Brunellij, A., and Belchinskayad, L. (2019). The influence of acid modification on the structure of montmorillonites and surface properties of bentonites, Applied Clay Science, 172: 1-10.
  • [3] Komadel, P. (2016). Acid activated clays: Materials in continuous demand, Applied Clay Science, 131: 84–99.
  • [4] Krupskaya, V., Novikovad, L., Tyupinae, E., Belousova, P., Dorzhievaa, O., Zakusina, S., Kimh, K., Roessneri, F., Badettij, E., Brunellij, A., and Belchinskayad, L. (2019). The influence of acid modification on the structure of montmorillonites and surface properties of bentonites, Applied Clay Science, 172: 1–10.
  • [5] Lycourghiotis, S., Makarouni, D., Kordouli, E., Bourikasa, K., Kordulis, C., and Dourtoglou, V. (2018). Activation of natural mordenite by various acids: Characterization and evaluation in the transformation of limonene into p-cymene, Molecular Catalysis, 450: 95–103.
  • [6] Guerra, D.L., Lemos, V.P., Airoldi, C., and Ange´lica, R.S. (2006). Influence of the acid activation of pillared smectites from Amazon (Brazil) in adsorption process with butylamine, Polyhedron, 25: 2880–2890
  • [7] Hussin, F., Aroua, M.K., and Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud, WMAW. (2011). Textural characteristics, surface chemistry and activation of bleaching earth: A review, Chemical Engineering Journal, 170: 90–106.
  • [8] Steudel, A., Batenburg, L.F., Fischer, H.R., Weidler, P.G., and Emmerich, K. (2009). Alteration of swelling clay minerals by acid activation, Applied Clay Science, 44: 105–115.
  • [9] Komadel, P., and Madejová, J. (2013). Acid Activation of Clay Minerals, Handbook of Clay Science, Developments in Clay Science, 5: 385-409.
  • [10] Juang, R.S., Wu, F.C., and Tseng, R.L. (2010). Acid activated clays: Materials in continuous demand, Environmental Technology, 18: 525-531.
  • [11] Carrado, K.A., and Komadel, P. (2009). Acid Activation of Bentonites and Polymer–Clay Nanocomposites, Elements, 5: 111–116.
  • [12] Vicente Rodríguez, M.A., López González, J.de D., and Bañares Muñoz, M.A. (1995). Preparation of microporous solids by acid treatment of a saponite, Microporous Materials, 4: 251-264.
  • [13] Komadel, P. (2003). Chemically modified smectites, Clay Minerals, 38: 127–138.
  • [14] Balcı, S. (2018). Structural Property Improvements of Bentonite with Sulfuric Acid Activation, Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section B: Chemical Engineering, 1(2): 201-212.
  • [15] Sabah, E. (2007). Decolorization of vegetable oils: Chlorophyll-a adsorption by acid-activated sepiolite, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 310: 1–7.
  • [16] Burst, J.F. (1991).The application of clay minerals in ceramics, Applied Clay Science, 5 (5–6): 421-443.
  • [17] Sousa, P. de E., Araujo, T. de D., Peixoto, G.V., Ferreira, F.B., Faria, H. de E., and Molina, F.E. (2020). Effect of sodium bentonite content on structural-properties of ureasil poly (ethylene oxide)-PEO hybrid: A perspective for water treatment, Applied Clay Science, 191: 105605.
  • [18] Chmielarz, L., Wojciechowska, M., Rutkowska, M., Adamski, A., Węgrzyn, A., Kowalczyk, A., Dudek B., Boroń, P., Michalik, M., and Matusiewicz, A. (2012). Acid-activated vermiculites as catalysts of the DeNOx process, Catalysis Today, 191(1): 25-31.
  • [19] Ravichandran, J., Lakshmanan, C.M., and Sivasankar, B. (1996). Acid Activated Montmorillonite and Vermiculite Clays as Dehydration and Cracking Catalysts, Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters, 59: 301–308.
  • [20] Ravichandran, J., and Sivasankar, B. (1997). Properties and Catalytic Activity of Acid-Modified Montmorillonite and Vermiculite, Clays and Clay Minerals, 45: 854–858.
  • [21] Caglar, B., Afsin, B., Koksal, E., Tabak, A., and Eren, E. (2013). Characterization of Unye Bentonite After Treatment with Sulfuric Acid, Química Nova, 36(7): 955-959.
  • [22] Turabik, M., and Kumbur, H. (2002). Change in some Physicochemical properties of Ünye/Ordu bentonite with acid activation, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 19: 1-10.
  • [23] Chmielarz, L., Kowalczyk, A., Michalik, M., Dudek, B., Piwowarska, Z., and Matusiewicz, A. (2010). Acid-activated vermiculites and phlogophites as catalysts for the DeNOx process, Applied Clay Science, 49: 156–162.
  • [24] Guerra, D.L., Lemos, V.P., Airoldi, C., and Ange´lica, R.S. (2006). Influence of the acid activation of pillared smectites from Amazon (Brazil) in adsorption process with butylamine, Polyhedron, 25: 2880–2890.
  • [25] Chaari, I., Medhiou, M., Jamoussi, F., and Hamzaoui, A.H. (2021). Acid-treated clay materials (Southwestern Tunisia) for removing sodium leuco-vat dye: Characterization, adsorption study and activation mechanism, Journal of Molecular Structure, 1223: 128944.
  • [26] Tyagi, B., Chudasama, C.D., and Jasra, R.V. (2006). Determination of structural modification in acid activated montmorillonite clay by FT-IR spectroscopy, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 64(2): 273-278.
  • [27] Snoussi, Y., Khalil, A.M., Strzemiecka, B., Voelkel, A., and Chehimi, M.M. (2017). Surface Analysis of Clay Polymer Nanocomposites, Clay Polymer Nanocomposite, 11: 363-411.

Activation and Characterization of Unye (Ordu) Clay with Nitric Acid

Year 2021, , 16 - 28, 18.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.46572/naturengs.931954

Abstract

In this study, Clay belonging to the Ordu Unye region was activated by different concentrations of the acid solution by analytical methods. It is intended to remove adsorbed components between layers found in the structure of the clay. As a result, the activation process was performed with nitric acid (HNO3) to enable the expansion of the distance between layers. Determination of structural changes of Natural Clay and activated clays has been characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR and BET analyses. Characterization results showed that acid activation caused significant increases in surface area and pore volumes by changing both morphological and surface properties on clay. As a result of activation, the highest surface area of the clay was determined as 205,08 m2/g with 2N HNO3. Acid activation has been found to be more efficient in improving the surface properties of clay.

References

  • [1] Santos, S.S.G., Silva, H.R.M., Souza, de A.G., Alves, A.P.M., Silva Filho, da E.C. and Fonseca, M.G. (2015). Acid-leached mixed vermiculites obtained by treatment with nitric acid, Applied Clay Science, 104: 286–294.
  • [2] Krupskayaa, V., Novikovad, L., Tyupinaee, E., Belousova, P., Dorzhievaa, O., Zakusina, S., Kimh, K., Roessneri, F., Badettij, E., Brunellij, A., and Belchinskayad, L. (2019). The influence of acid modification on the structure of montmorillonites and surface properties of bentonites, Applied Clay Science, 172: 1-10.
  • [3] Komadel, P. (2016). Acid activated clays: Materials in continuous demand, Applied Clay Science, 131: 84–99.
  • [4] Krupskaya, V., Novikovad, L., Tyupinae, E., Belousova, P., Dorzhievaa, O., Zakusina, S., Kimh, K., Roessneri, F., Badettij, E., Brunellij, A., and Belchinskayad, L. (2019). The influence of acid modification on the structure of montmorillonites and surface properties of bentonites, Applied Clay Science, 172: 1–10.
  • [5] Lycourghiotis, S., Makarouni, D., Kordouli, E., Bourikasa, K., Kordulis, C., and Dourtoglou, V. (2018). Activation of natural mordenite by various acids: Characterization and evaluation in the transformation of limonene into p-cymene, Molecular Catalysis, 450: 95–103.
  • [6] Guerra, D.L., Lemos, V.P., Airoldi, C., and Ange´lica, R.S. (2006). Influence of the acid activation of pillared smectites from Amazon (Brazil) in adsorption process with butylamine, Polyhedron, 25: 2880–2890
  • [7] Hussin, F., Aroua, M.K., and Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud, WMAW. (2011). Textural characteristics, surface chemistry and activation of bleaching earth: A review, Chemical Engineering Journal, 170: 90–106.
  • [8] Steudel, A., Batenburg, L.F., Fischer, H.R., Weidler, P.G., and Emmerich, K. (2009). Alteration of swelling clay minerals by acid activation, Applied Clay Science, 44: 105–115.
  • [9] Komadel, P., and Madejová, J. (2013). Acid Activation of Clay Minerals, Handbook of Clay Science, Developments in Clay Science, 5: 385-409.
  • [10] Juang, R.S., Wu, F.C., and Tseng, R.L. (2010). Acid activated clays: Materials in continuous demand, Environmental Technology, 18: 525-531.
  • [11] Carrado, K.A., and Komadel, P. (2009). Acid Activation of Bentonites and Polymer–Clay Nanocomposites, Elements, 5: 111–116.
  • [12] Vicente Rodríguez, M.A., López González, J.de D., and Bañares Muñoz, M.A. (1995). Preparation of microporous solids by acid treatment of a saponite, Microporous Materials, 4: 251-264.
  • [13] Komadel, P. (2003). Chemically modified smectites, Clay Minerals, 38: 127–138.
  • [14] Balcı, S. (2018). Structural Property Improvements of Bentonite with Sulfuric Acid Activation, Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section B: Chemical Engineering, 1(2): 201-212.
  • [15] Sabah, E. (2007). Decolorization of vegetable oils: Chlorophyll-a adsorption by acid-activated sepiolite, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 310: 1–7.
  • [16] Burst, J.F. (1991).The application of clay minerals in ceramics, Applied Clay Science, 5 (5–6): 421-443.
  • [17] Sousa, P. de E., Araujo, T. de D., Peixoto, G.V., Ferreira, F.B., Faria, H. de E., and Molina, F.E. (2020). Effect of sodium bentonite content on structural-properties of ureasil poly (ethylene oxide)-PEO hybrid: A perspective for water treatment, Applied Clay Science, 191: 105605.
  • [18] Chmielarz, L., Wojciechowska, M., Rutkowska, M., Adamski, A., Węgrzyn, A., Kowalczyk, A., Dudek B., Boroń, P., Michalik, M., and Matusiewicz, A. (2012). Acid-activated vermiculites as catalysts of the DeNOx process, Catalysis Today, 191(1): 25-31.
  • [19] Ravichandran, J., Lakshmanan, C.M., and Sivasankar, B. (1996). Acid Activated Montmorillonite and Vermiculite Clays as Dehydration and Cracking Catalysts, Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters, 59: 301–308.
  • [20] Ravichandran, J., and Sivasankar, B. (1997). Properties and Catalytic Activity of Acid-Modified Montmorillonite and Vermiculite, Clays and Clay Minerals, 45: 854–858.
  • [21] Caglar, B., Afsin, B., Koksal, E., Tabak, A., and Eren, E. (2013). Characterization of Unye Bentonite After Treatment with Sulfuric Acid, Química Nova, 36(7): 955-959.
  • [22] Turabik, M., and Kumbur, H. (2002). Change in some Physicochemical properties of Ünye/Ordu bentonite with acid activation, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 19: 1-10.
  • [23] Chmielarz, L., Kowalczyk, A., Michalik, M., Dudek, B., Piwowarska, Z., and Matusiewicz, A. (2010). Acid-activated vermiculites and phlogophites as catalysts for the DeNOx process, Applied Clay Science, 49: 156–162.
  • [24] Guerra, D.L., Lemos, V.P., Airoldi, C., and Ange´lica, R.S. (2006). Influence of the acid activation of pillared smectites from Amazon (Brazil) in adsorption process with butylamine, Polyhedron, 25: 2880–2890.
  • [25] Chaari, I., Medhiou, M., Jamoussi, F., and Hamzaoui, A.H. (2021). Acid-treated clay materials (Southwestern Tunisia) for removing sodium leuco-vat dye: Characterization, adsorption study and activation mechanism, Journal of Molecular Structure, 1223: 128944.
  • [26] Tyagi, B., Chudasama, C.D., and Jasra, R.V. (2006). Determination of structural modification in acid activated montmorillonite clay by FT-IR spectroscopy, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 64(2): 273-278.
  • [27] Snoussi, Y., Khalil, A.M., Strzemiecka, B., Voelkel, A., and Chehimi, M.M. (2017). Surface Analysis of Clay Polymer Nanocomposites, Clay Polymer Nanocomposite, 11: 363-411.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Yeliz Akbulut 0000-0002-0703-7055

Yunus Önal 0000-0001-6342-6816

Publication Date December 18, 2021
Submission Date May 3, 2021
Acceptance Date July 10, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Akbulut, Y., & Önal, Y. (2021). Activation and Characterization of Unye (Ordu) Clay with Nitric Acid. NATURENGS, 2(2), 16-28. https://doi.org/10.46572/naturengs.931954