Antibacterial Actions and Potential Phototoxic Effects of Volatile oils of Foeniculum sp. (fennel), Salvia sp. (sage), Vitis sp. (grape), Lavandula sp. (lavender)

Abstract

In the present study, the volatile compounds of essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Salvia officinalis (sage), Vitis vinifera (grape), Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using the Nist and Willey libraries. It was determined that the main components of Foeniculum sp. were anethole (41.11%), carvacrol (9.18%). whereas main components of Salvia sp were 1.8 cineole (34.09%), caryophyllene (10.95%), camphor (9.44%), α-pinene (8.42%). Vitis sp. contained linoleic acid (36.98%), 2,4-decadienal (30.79%). Finally, volatile component of Lavandula sp. was linalool (33.57%), linalyl acetate (30.74%). Photoxic antibacterial activity of volatile oil of those plants against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25293), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10031), Salmonella thyphimurium, Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25925), Enterococcus feacalis (ATCC 29212) were examined by using disc diffusion method. We demonstrated that volatile oil effectively can be activated by a standard LED light. In vitro, significant phototoxicity was demonstrated by volatile oil of Foeniculum sp. and Vitis sp. (P < 0.05), while minor phototoxicity was induced by Lavandula sp. Therefore, volatile oil of plant can be considered as a potential photosensitizer in the photochemical therapy.

Keywords

• Foeniculum vulgare
• Salvia officinalis
• Vitis vinifera
• Lavandula angustifolia
• photoactivated volatile oil
• antimicrobial action

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