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Subsurface Soil Evaluation using Seismic Refraction Tomography and Standard Penetration Test at Bukit Bunuh Impact Crater Area

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 1 - 10, 31.01.2019
https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.522158

Abstract

Subsurface soil varies from place to place due to the rock type, its mineral constituents, the climate
of the area, time and other geological activities such as meteorite impact. The process that leads to
the formation of impact crater can cause great variation in the subsurface soil characteristics, which
may have an effect on civil engineering structures. Hence, the need to evaluate the subsurface soil
of the impacted area. In this study, Seismic refraction and borehole data were used to achieve the
aim. The result revealed that the overburden layer inside the crater is dominated by low-velocity
values (< 750 m/s) which correspond with low N-values. Moderate seismic velocity values (750 –
1400 m/s) with moderate to high N-values were predominant for overburden soil within the crater
rim and outside the crater. Slightly, moderately and highly weathered granite was observed at all
survey lines with velocity values ranging from 1200 - 3450 m/s. The low N-values with lowvelocity values obtained inside the crater are indications that the subsurface soil inside the impact
crater area has been deformed and weakened as evident by the presence of brecciation which
occurred during the impact process.

References

  • Arifin, M. N. K., Nawawi, M. N. M., Saidin, M., Shaffwan, M. S. M., Firdaus, A. M., & Hanis, M. M. (2010). Magnetic gradiometer survey at Bukit Bunuh, Perak: Preliminary study on unrevealed meteorite impact crater. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1250, 185–188. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3469631
  • Awang, H., Nazly, M., & Mohamad, N. (2015). A Correlation Between P-Wave Velocities and Standard Penetration Test (Spt-N) Blows Count for Meta-Sedimentary Soils of Tropical Country. In Provides cutting-edge information on infrastructure and sustainability issues in engineering. Singapore: Springer Science+Business Media Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0155-0
  • Azwin, I. N., Rosli, S., Mokhtar, S., Nordiana, M. M., Ragu, R. R., & Mark, J. (2015). Delineating Bukit Bunuh impact crater boundary by geophysical and geotechnical investigation, 020018(2015), 020018. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4914209
  • Azwin, I. N., Saad, R., & Nordiana, M. (2013). Applying the Seismic Refraction Tomography for Site Characterization. APCBEE Procedia, 5, 227–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcbee.2013.05.039
  • Bery, A. A., & Rosli, S. (2012). Correlation of Seismic P-Wave Velocities with Engineering Parameters (N Value and Rock Quality) for Tropical Environmental Study. International Journal of Geosciences, 03(04), 749–757. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2012.34075
  • Burger, H. R., Sheehan, A. F., & Jones, C. H. (1996). Exploration Geophysics of the Shallow Subsurface. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
  • Collins, G. S., Melosh, H. J., & Osinski, G. R. (2012). The impact-cratering process. Elements, 8(1), 25–30.
  • Daniel, H. (2004). Introduction to Environmental Soil Physics. Elsevier Academic Press, USA.
  • Ernstson, K., & Claudin, F. (2013). Understanding the Impact Cratering Process: a Simple Approach. Retrieved December 20, 2017, from http://www.impact-structures.com/
  • Ismail, N. A. (2015). 2-D Electrical Resistivity, Seismic Refraction Tomography And Geotechnical Data Application In Searching For Ancient Impact Crater Of Bukit Bunuh, Perak. Universiti Sains Malaysia.
  • Kearey, P., Brooks, M., & Hill, I. (2002). An Introduction to Geophysical Exploration. Blackwell Science Ltd.
  • Lowrie, W. (2007). Fundamentals of Geophysics (second). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Melosh, H. J., & Ivanov, B. A. (1999). Impact Crater Collapse. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 27(1), 385–415. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.27.1.385
  • Mohamad, E. T., Mohd, N. A. A., & Nurul, F. M. (2015). Correlation between seismic refraction and borehole data for subsurface evaluation. Jurnal Teknologi, 76(2), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v76.5427
  • Nawawi, M. ., Saad, R., Arifin, M. N. K., Saidin, M., Abdullah, K., & Sahibul, M. S. (2009). Integration of Geophysical and Remote Sensing Techniques for Geophysical Prospection in Lenggong , Perak. In Proceeding paper on International Symposium and Exhibition on Geoinformation (pp. 4–7).
  • Nawawi, M. N., Mokhtar, S., Abdullah, J. I., Sapiai, S., & Adam, N. (2004). Geophysical applications in mapping Paleolithic workshop site in Bukit Bunuh, Perak, Malaysia. In International Symposium–Imaging Technology (Vol. 7, pp. 427–429).
  • Nordiana, M. M., Rosli, S., Mokhtar, S., Nawawi, M. N. M., Azwin, N. I., & Karamah, S. S. (2012). Characteristics of subsurface materials : Integration of seismic refraction , 2-D resistivity imaging and geotechnical ... Characteristics of Subsurface Materials : Integration of Seismic Refraction , 2-D Resistivity Imaging and Geotechnical Borehole Logs, (August 2016).
  • Nur Amalina, M. K. A., Nordiana, M. M., Rosli, S., & Mokhtar, S. (2012). Enhancing Magnetic Interpretation Towards Meteorite Impact Crater at Bukit Bunuh, Perak, Malaysia. In IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science (pp. 1–7). IOP Publishing.
  • Pati, J. K., & Reimold, W. U. (2007). Impact cratering—Fundamental process in geoscience and planetary science. Journal of Earth System Science, 116(2), 81–98.
  • Reynolds, J. M. (1997). An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics. Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex POl9 IUD, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Rosli, S. (2018). Basic Seismic Refraction Survey and Data Interpretation Techniques. Pulau Pinang: Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia.
  • Rosli, S., Ismail, N. E. H., Nordiana, M. M., & Saidin, M. (2014). The conclusion of searching Bukit Bunuh crater using gravity method. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 19, 4383–4392.
  • Rosli, S., Mokhtar, S., Kiu, Y. C., Nisa, A., & Teh Saufia, A. . (2012). Regional Magnetic Residual Subsurface Mapping in Bukit Bunuh , Perak , Malaysia For Potential Terrestrial Meteorite Impact Structure. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 17, 3599–3604.
  • Roy, S., & Bhalla, S. K. (2017). Role of Geotechnical Properties of Soil on Civil Engineering Structures, 7(4), 103–109. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.re.20170704.03
  • Saidin, M. (1993). Kajian perbandingan tapak paleolitik Kampung Temelong dengan Kota Tampan dan sumbangannya terhadap kebudayaan zaman Pleistosein Akhir di Asia Tenggara,. Malaysia Museum Journal., 32.
  • Selen, R. (2013). Integrated Geophysical Study Of The Keurusselkä Impact Structure, Finland.
  • Telford, W. M., Geldart, L. P., & Sheriff, R. E. (1990). Applied Geophysics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 1 - 10, 31.01.2019
https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.522158

Abstract

References

  • Arifin, M. N. K., Nawawi, M. N. M., Saidin, M., Shaffwan, M. S. M., Firdaus, A. M., & Hanis, M. M. (2010). Magnetic gradiometer survey at Bukit Bunuh, Perak: Preliminary study on unrevealed meteorite impact crater. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1250, 185–188. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3469631
  • Awang, H., Nazly, M., & Mohamad, N. (2015). A Correlation Between P-Wave Velocities and Standard Penetration Test (Spt-N) Blows Count for Meta-Sedimentary Soils of Tropical Country. In Provides cutting-edge information on infrastructure and sustainability issues in engineering. Singapore: Springer Science+Business Media Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0155-0
  • Azwin, I. N., Rosli, S., Mokhtar, S., Nordiana, M. M., Ragu, R. R., & Mark, J. (2015). Delineating Bukit Bunuh impact crater boundary by geophysical and geotechnical investigation, 020018(2015), 020018. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4914209
  • Azwin, I. N., Saad, R., & Nordiana, M. (2013). Applying the Seismic Refraction Tomography for Site Characterization. APCBEE Procedia, 5, 227–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcbee.2013.05.039
  • Bery, A. A., & Rosli, S. (2012). Correlation of Seismic P-Wave Velocities with Engineering Parameters (N Value and Rock Quality) for Tropical Environmental Study. International Journal of Geosciences, 03(04), 749–757. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2012.34075
  • Burger, H. R., Sheehan, A. F., & Jones, C. H. (1996). Exploration Geophysics of the Shallow Subsurface. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
  • Collins, G. S., Melosh, H. J., & Osinski, G. R. (2012). The impact-cratering process. Elements, 8(1), 25–30.
  • Daniel, H. (2004). Introduction to Environmental Soil Physics. Elsevier Academic Press, USA.
  • Ernstson, K., & Claudin, F. (2013). Understanding the Impact Cratering Process: a Simple Approach. Retrieved December 20, 2017, from http://www.impact-structures.com/
  • Ismail, N. A. (2015). 2-D Electrical Resistivity, Seismic Refraction Tomography And Geotechnical Data Application In Searching For Ancient Impact Crater Of Bukit Bunuh, Perak. Universiti Sains Malaysia.
  • Kearey, P., Brooks, M., & Hill, I. (2002). An Introduction to Geophysical Exploration. Blackwell Science Ltd.
  • Lowrie, W. (2007). Fundamentals of Geophysics (second). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Melosh, H. J., & Ivanov, B. A. (1999). Impact Crater Collapse. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 27(1), 385–415. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.27.1.385
  • Mohamad, E. T., Mohd, N. A. A., & Nurul, F. M. (2015). Correlation between seismic refraction and borehole data for subsurface evaluation. Jurnal Teknologi, 76(2), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v76.5427
  • Nawawi, M. ., Saad, R., Arifin, M. N. K., Saidin, M., Abdullah, K., & Sahibul, M. S. (2009). Integration of Geophysical and Remote Sensing Techniques for Geophysical Prospection in Lenggong , Perak. In Proceeding paper on International Symposium and Exhibition on Geoinformation (pp. 4–7).
  • Nawawi, M. N., Mokhtar, S., Abdullah, J. I., Sapiai, S., & Adam, N. (2004). Geophysical applications in mapping Paleolithic workshop site in Bukit Bunuh, Perak, Malaysia. In International Symposium–Imaging Technology (Vol. 7, pp. 427–429).
  • Nordiana, M. M., Rosli, S., Mokhtar, S., Nawawi, M. N. M., Azwin, N. I., & Karamah, S. S. (2012). Characteristics of subsurface materials : Integration of seismic refraction , 2-D resistivity imaging and geotechnical ... Characteristics of Subsurface Materials : Integration of Seismic Refraction , 2-D Resistivity Imaging and Geotechnical Borehole Logs, (August 2016).
  • Nur Amalina, M. K. A., Nordiana, M. M., Rosli, S., & Mokhtar, S. (2012). Enhancing Magnetic Interpretation Towards Meteorite Impact Crater at Bukit Bunuh, Perak, Malaysia. In IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science (pp. 1–7). IOP Publishing.
  • Pati, J. K., & Reimold, W. U. (2007). Impact cratering—Fundamental process in geoscience and planetary science. Journal of Earth System Science, 116(2), 81–98.
  • Reynolds, J. M. (1997). An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics. Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex POl9 IUD, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Rosli, S. (2018). Basic Seismic Refraction Survey and Data Interpretation Techniques. Pulau Pinang: Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia.
  • Rosli, S., Ismail, N. E. H., Nordiana, M. M., & Saidin, M. (2014). The conclusion of searching Bukit Bunuh crater using gravity method. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 19, 4383–4392.
  • Rosli, S., Mokhtar, S., Kiu, Y. C., Nisa, A., & Teh Saufia, A. . (2012). Regional Magnetic Residual Subsurface Mapping in Bukit Bunuh , Perak , Malaysia For Potential Terrestrial Meteorite Impact Structure. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 17, 3599–3604.
  • Roy, S., & Bhalla, S. K. (2017). Role of Geotechnical Properties of Soil on Civil Engineering Structures, 7(4), 103–109. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.re.20170704.03
  • Saidin, M. (1993). Kajian perbandingan tapak paleolitik Kampung Temelong dengan Kota Tampan dan sumbangannya terhadap kebudayaan zaman Pleistosein Akhir di Asia Tenggara,. Malaysia Museum Journal., 32.
  • Selen, R. (2013). Integrated Geophysical Study Of The Keurusselkä Impact Structure, Finland.
  • Telford, W. M., Geldart, L. P., & Sheriff, R. E. (1990). Applied Geophysics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Geological Sciences and Engineering (Other)
Journal Section 4
Authors

Mustapha Adejo Mohammed This is me

Rosli Saad This is me

Nur Azwin Ismail This is me

Sabiu Bala Muhammad This is me

Amsir Taib This is me

Mokhtar Saidin This is me

Publication Date January 31, 2019
Submission Date March 12, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Mohammed, M. A., Saad, R., Ismail, N. A., Muhammad, S. B., et al. (2019). Subsurface Soil Evaluation using Seismic Refraction Tomography and Standard Penetration Test at Bukit Bunuh Impact Crater Area. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 4(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.522158

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