Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite
Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 1 - 18, 25.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.868048

Abstract

References

  • Ahmed, Q., Alicia, P. S., Ali, Q. M., & Levent, B. A. T. (2018). Seasonal Variation in the Length-Weight Relationships and Condition Factor of Four Commercially Important Sea Cucumbers Species from Karachi Coast-Northern Arabian Sea. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 3(3), 265–281. https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.468667
  • Al-Rashdi, K. M., Claereboudt, M. R., & Al-Busaidi, S. S. (2007). Density and Size Distribution of the Sea Cucumber, Holothuria scabra (Jaeger, 1935), at Six Exploited Sites in Mahout Bay, Sultanate of Oman. Agricultural and Marine Sciences, 12, 43–51. https://doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol12iss0pp43-51
  • Asha, P. S., & Muthiah, P. (2005). Effects of temperature, salinity and pH on larval growth, survival and development of the sea cucumber Holothuria spinifera Theel. Aquaculture, 250(3–4), 823–829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.04.075
  • Aydın, M. (2016). Sea cucumber (Holothuroidea) species of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Maritime and Marine, 2(1), 49–58.
  • Blanchette, C. A., Melissa Miner, C., Raimondi, P. T., Lohse, D., Heady, K. E. K., & Broitman, B. R. (2008). Biogeographical patterns of rocky intertidal communities along the Pacific coast of North America. Journal of Biogeography, 35(9), 1593–1607. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01913.x
  • Bruckner, A. W., Johnson, K. A., & Field, J. D. (2003). Conservation strategies for sea cucumbers: Can a CITES Appendix II listing promote sustainable international trade. SPC Bêche-de-Mer Information Bulletin, 18(1), 24–33.
  • Bulteel, P., Jangoux, M., & Coulon, P. (1992). Biometry, Bathymetric Distribution, and Reproductive Cycle of the Holothuroid Holothuria tubulosa (Echinodermata) from Mediterranean Sea grass Beds. Marine Ecology, 13(1), 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.1992.tb00339.x
  • Conand, C. (1990). The fishery resources of Pacific Island countries: Holothurians (No. 272). Food & Agriculture Organization.
  • Conand C. (1993). Reproductive biology of the holothurians from the major communities of the New Caledonia Lagoon. Marine Biology, 116, 439–450. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00350061
  • Conand, C. (2008). Population status, fisheries and trade of sea cucumbers in Africa and the Indian Ocean. In: Toral-Granda V., Lovatelli A., Vasconcellos M. (eds). Sea cucumbers. A global review of fisheries and trade. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper, 516, 143–193.
  • Conand, C., Dinhut, V., Quod, J., & Rolland, R. (2005). Sea cucumber inventory in Mayotte, southwest Indian Ocean. SPC Beche-de-Mer Information Bulletin, 22, 19–22.
  • Conand, C., Muthiga, N., Aumeeruddy, R., Torre, C., Frouin, P., Mgaya, Y., Mirault, E., Ochiewo, J., & Rasolofonirina, R. (2006). A three-year project on sea cucumbers in the southwestern Indian Ocean: National and regional analyses to improve management. Beche-de-Mer Information Bulletin, 23, 11–15.
  • Cone, R. S. (1989). The Need to Reconsider the Use of Condition Indices in Fishery Science. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 118(5), 510–514. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0511:tntrtu>2.3.co;2
  • Cren, E. D. Le. (1951). The Length-Weight Relationship and Seasonal Cycle in Gonad Weight and Condition in the Perch (Perca fluviatilis). The Journal of Animal Ecology, 20(2), 201. https://doi.org/10.2307/1540
  • Dabbagh, A. R., & Kamrani, E. (2011). Collection of a sea cucumber, Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) hilla Lesson, 1830 specimen from Farur Island (Persian Gulf, Iran). World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, 3(3), 214–216.
  • Dabbagh, A. R., & Keshavarz, M. (2011). Three sea cucumbers from the Bandar-E Bostaneh coast (Persian Gulf, Iran). . World Applied Science Journal, 13(8), 1933–1937.
  • Dabbagh, A. R., Keshavarz, M., Mohammadikia, D., Afkhami, M., & Nateghi, S. A. (2012). Holothuria scabra (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida): first record of a highly valued sea cucumber, in the Persian Gulf, Iran. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5: e69. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267212000620
  • Dissanayake, D. C. T., & Stefansson, G. (2010). Aquatic Living Resources Abundance and distribution of commercial sea cucumber species in the coastal waters of Sri Lanka. Aquatic Living Resources, 23(3), 303–313. https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2010031
  • Dong, P., Xue, C. H., Yu, L. F., Xu, J., & Chen, S. G. (2008). Determination of triterpene glycosides in sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) and its related products by high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(13), 4937–4942. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf800893r
  • Ellis, J., & Rogers, S. (2000). The distribution, relative abundance and diversity of echinoderms in the eastern English Channel, Bristol Channel, and Irish Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK, 80(1), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499001642
  • Foster, G. G., & Hodgson, A. N. (1995). Annual reproductive cycles of three sympatric species of intertidal holothurians (Echinodermata) from the coast of the eastern cape province of south africa. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 27(1), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1995.9672433
  • Froese, F., & Pauly, D. (2016). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. Available from: www.fishbase.org (last consulted on: 2016/06).
  • Giese, A. C., Pearse, J. S., & Eds. (1974). Reproduction of marine invertebrates, vol. I. Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 75 (pp. 725–738).
  • Haimovici, M., & Velasco, G. (2000). Length-weight relationship of marine fishes from southern Brazil. Naga, the ICLARM Quarterly, 23(1), 19–23.
  • Hamel, J., & Mercier, A. (1995). Spawning of the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa in the St. Lawrence Estuary, eastern Canada. SPC Beche-de-Mer Information Bulletin, 7, 12–18.
  • Hannah, L., Duprey, N., Blackburn, J., Hand, C. M., & Pearce, C. M. (2012). Growth rate of the california sea cucumber Parastichopus californicus: Measurement accuracy and relationships between size and weight metrics. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 32(1), 167–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.663455
  • Hardewig, I., Pörtner, H. O., & Van Dijk, P. (2004). How does the cold stenothermal gadoid Lota lota survive high water temperatures during summer? Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology, 174(2), 149–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-003-0399-8
  • Harriott, V. J. (1985). Reproductive biology of three congeneric sea cucumber species, holothuria atra, h. Impatiens and h. edulis, at heron reef, great barrier reef. Marine and Freshwater Research, 36(1), 51–57. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF9850051
  • Heding, S. G. (1940). Echinoderms of the Iranian Gulf. Holothuroidea. Danish Scientific Investigations in Iran, 2, 113–137.
  • Helmuth, B., & Hofmann, G. E. (2001). Microhabitats, thermal heterogeneity, and patterns of physiological stress in the rocky intertidal zone. University of Chicago Press, 201(3), 374–384. https://doi.org/10.2307/1543615
  • Hofmann, G., & Somero, G. (1995). Evidence for protein damage at environmental temperatures: seasonal changes in levels of ubiquitin conjugates and hsp70 in the intertidal mussel Mytilus trossulus. Journal of Experimental Biology, 198(Pt 7), 1509–1518.
  • Höpner, T., Ebrahimpour, H., & Maraschi, M. K. (2000). Five intertidal areas of the Persian Gulf. Wadden Sea Newsletter, 2, 30–33.
  • Hu, M., Li, Q., & Li, L. (2010). Effect of salinity and temperature on salinity tolerance of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Fisheries Science, 76(2), 267–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-010-0214-x
  • Izsak, C., Price, A. R. G., Hardy, J. T., & Basson, P. W. (2002). Biodiversity of periphyton (diatoms) and echinoderms around a refinery effluent, and possible associations with stability. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management, 5(1), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980260199963
  • Jacobs, J. (1975). Diversity, stability and maturity in ecosystems influenced by human activities. In Unifying Concepts in Ecology (pp. 187–207). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1954-5_15
  • Kazanidis, G., Antoniadou, C., Lola, S. A. P., Neofitou, N., Vafidis, D., Chintiroglou, C., & Neofitou, C. (2010). Population Dynamics and Reproduction of Holothuria tubulosa (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) in the Aegean Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association United Kingdom, 90(5), 895–901. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315410000251
  • Kinch, J., Purcell, S., Uthicke, S., & Friedman, K. (2008). fisheries and trade of sea cucumbers in the Western Central Pacific. In: Toral-Granda V., Lovatelli A., Vasconcellos M. (Eds.). Sea cucumbers. A global review of fisheries and trade. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper, 516, 7–55.
  • Kinne, O. (1971). Salinity: animals-invertebrates. Marine Ecology: a comprehensive, integrated treatise on life in oceans and coastal waters: 1. Environmental factors: 2. pp. 821-995.
  • Krebs, R., & Loeschcke, V. (1994). Costs and benefits of activation of the heat-shock response in Drosophila melanogaster. Functional Ecology, 8(6), 730–737.
  • Lawson, T. B. (1995). Fundamentals of aquaculture engineering. Springer US. P: 364. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0479-1
  • Li, L., & Li, Q. (2010). Effects of stocking density, temperature, and salinity on larval survival and growth of the red race of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka). Aquaculture International, 18(3), 447–460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-009-9256-4
  • Margalef, R. (1958). Temporal succession and spatial heterogeneity in phytoplankton. In Perspectives in Marine Biology; Buzzati-Traverso, A.A., Ed.; (pp. 323–347). University of California Press: Berkeley, CA, USA.
  • Mendes, F. M., Marenzi, A. W., & Di Domenico, M. (2006). Population patterns and seasonal observations on density and distribution of Holothuria grisea (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida) on the Santa Catarina Coast, Brazil. SPC Beche-de-Mer Information Bulletin, 23, 5–10.
  • Mercier, A., Battaglene, S. C., & Hamel, J. F. (2000). Settlement preferences and early migration of the tropical sea cucumber Holothuria scabra. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 249(1), 89–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(00)00187-8
  • Mitchell, L. G., Mutchmor, J. A., & Dolphin, W. D. (1988). Zoology. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc, Menlo Park. CA, P: 862.
  • Moussa, R. M., Abdel Razek, F., Abdel-Rahman, S. H., Mona, M. H., & El-Gamal Mabrouk, M. (2018). Factors Influencing the Prospect of Asexual Reproduction in Holothuria Arenicola (Semper, 1868). International Journal of Oceanography & Aquaculture, 2(4), 1–9.
  • Natan, Y., Uneputty, P. A., Lewerissa, Y. a., & Pattikawa, J. a. (2015). Species and size composition of sea cucumber in coastal waters of UN bay, Southeast Maluku, Indonesia. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 3(1), 251–256.
  • Paulay, G. (2014). Holothuroidea. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved on, 2.
  • Pauly, D. (1983). Some simple methods for the assessment of tropical fish stocks. Fao Fisheries Technical Paper, 234, 52.
  • Pauly, D. (1984). Fish population dynamics in tropical waters: a manual for use with programmable calculators. ICLARM, Manila. 325pp. https://doi.org/10.23880/ijoac-16000145
  • Pawson, D. L. (2007). Phylum echinodermata. Zootaxa, 1668(1), 749–764.
  • Pielou, E. C. (1966). The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collections. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 13(1966), 131-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5193(66)90013-0
  • Poot-Salazar, A., Hernández-Flores, Á., & Ardisson, P. L. (2014). Use of the SLW index to calculate growth function in the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus. Scientific Reports, 4(5151), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep05151
  • Portner, H. O. (2002). Climate variations and the physiological basis of temperature dependent biogeography: systemic to molecular hierarchy of thermal tolerance in animals. In Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A (Vol. 132).
  • Prescott, J., Riwu, J., Steenbergen, D. J., & Stacey, N. (2015). Governance and Governability: The Small-Scale Purse Seine Fishery in Pulau Rote, Eastern Indonesia (pp. 61–84). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17034-3_4
  • Preston, G. L. (1993). Beche-de-mer. Nearshore marine resources of the Southern Pacific: Information for fisheries development and management. Institute of Pacific Studies, Fiji; Forum Fisheries Agency, Solomon Islands; International Centre for Ocean Development, Canada. 371–407.
  • Price, A. R. G. (1981). Studies on the echinoderm fauna of the western Arabian Gulf. Journal of Natural History, 15(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938100770011
  • Purcell, S., & Tekanene, M. (2006). Ontogenetic Changes in Colouration and Morphology of White Teat Fish, Holothuria fuscogilva, Juveniles in Kiribati. SPC Beche-de-Mer Information Bulletin, 23, 29–31.
  • Purcell, S. W., Gossuin, H., & Agudo, N. S. (2009). Status and management of the sea cucumber fishery of la Grande Terre, New Caledonia. Programme ZoNéCo. WorldFish Center Studies and Reviews No. 1901. The WorldFish Center, P.O. Box 500 GPO, 10670 Penang, Malaysia.
  • Purcell, Steven W., & Agudo, N. S. (2013). Optimisation of Mesh Enclosures for Nursery Rearing of Juvenile Sea Cucumbers. PLoS ONE, 8(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064103
  • Ram, R., Chand, R. V., & Southgate, P. C. (2016). An Overview of Sea Cucumber Fishery Management in the Fiji Islands. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11(3), 191–205. https://doi.org/10.3923/jfas.2016.191.205
  • Salari-Aliabadi, M. A., & Monjezi-Veysi, M. (2020). Application of Calcareous Spicules for the Identification of Sea Cucumbers in the Rocky Shores of Northern Persian Gulf. Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences, 49(2), 281–286. http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/54073
  • Salarzadeh, A., Afkhami, M., Ehsanpour, M., Mehvari, A., & Bastami, K. D. (2013). Identification of sea cucumber species around Hengam Island (Persian Gulf, Iran). Marine Biodiversity Records, 6. E12. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267212001212
  • Samyn Y., V. D. and M. C. (2006). Taxonomie des holothuries des Comores. ABC Taxa, Volume 1, I–III. Brussels, Belgium: Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences.
  • Sang, C. (1990). Biology of the Japanese common sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus Selenka (No. 5500). Secretary of State. Multilingual Services Division.
  • Seaman, W. (2002). Artificial reef evaluation: with application to natural marine habitats. 264 pages. CRC press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420036633
  • Shannon, C. E., & Weaver, W. (1949). The mathematical theory of communication (Urbana, IL. Pp. eds. University of Illinois Press IL.
  • Simpson, E. H. (1949). Measurement of diversity. Nature. 163(4148), 688–688. https://doi.org/10.1038/163688a0
  • Todd, C. D., & Doyle, R. W. (1981). Reproductive strategies of marine benthic invertebrates: settlement-timing hypothesis. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 4(7), 75–83.
  • Toral-Granda, M. V., & Martínez, P. C. (2007). Reproductive biology and population structure of the sea cucumber Isostichopus fuscus (Ludwig, 1875) (Holothuroidea) in Caamaño, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. Marine Biology, 151(6), 2091–2098. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-007-0640-1
  • Uthicke, S., Schaffelke, B., & Byrne, M. (2009). A boom-bust phylum? Ecological and evolutionary consequences of density variations in echinoderms. Ecological Monographs, 79(1), 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1890/07-2136.1
  • Veronika, K., Edrisinghe, U., Sivashanthini, K., & Athauda, A. R. S. . B. (2018). Length-Weight Relationships of Four Different Sea Cucumber Species in North-East Coastal Region of Sri Lanka. Tropical Agricultural Research. 29(2), 212–217. https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v29i2.8290
  • Wang, T., Wang, H. S., Sun, G. W., Huang, D., & Shen, J. H. (2012). Length–weight and length–length relationships for some Yangtze River fishes in Tian‐e‐zhou Oxbow, China. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 28(4), 660–662. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.13215

Ecological study of two sea cucumbers (Holothuria parva and Holothuria arenicola) in the Hormozgan and Bushehr provinces of Persian Gulf

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 1 - 18, 25.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.868048

Abstract

The understanding of the distribution and population structure of the various species in the marine environment is very helpful to effectual resource management and conservation. This study aimed to assess ecological factors relating to sea cucumber populations on the rocky shores of the Persian Gulf. Population of two species of sea cucumber were investigated along 6 intertidal rocky sites, including Deylam, Bushehr, Dayer, Nayband, Bostaneh, and Lengeh in Bushehr and Hormozgan Provinces. During the period of the sampling, no sea cucumbers were observed in Deylam and Lengeh stations. To address this, 500 individuals of sea cucumber were collected and transported from their natural habitat to the laboratory. During the whole study, two species were observed (Holothuria parva and Holothuria arenicola). The Highest abundance were obtained at the stations of Dayer (198 individuals) and Bostaneh (188 individuals). The maximum density (individuals per 200 m2) was estimated for Dayer (49.5 ± 6.13) and Bostaneh (47 ± 8.79). The results of the study revealed a negative allometric growth for both species. The results showed that different ecological indices of sea cucumbers community in the study areas affected by physicochemical parameters such as pH, temperature, salinity and possibly lack of correct management in order to enforce more protective approaches relating to these animals.

References

  • Ahmed, Q., Alicia, P. S., Ali, Q. M., & Levent, B. A. T. (2018). Seasonal Variation in the Length-Weight Relationships and Condition Factor of Four Commercially Important Sea Cucumbers Species from Karachi Coast-Northern Arabian Sea. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 3(3), 265–281. https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.468667
  • Al-Rashdi, K. M., Claereboudt, M. R., & Al-Busaidi, S. S. (2007). Density and Size Distribution of the Sea Cucumber, Holothuria scabra (Jaeger, 1935), at Six Exploited Sites in Mahout Bay, Sultanate of Oman. Agricultural and Marine Sciences, 12, 43–51. https://doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol12iss0pp43-51
  • Asha, P. S., & Muthiah, P. (2005). Effects of temperature, salinity and pH on larval growth, survival and development of the sea cucumber Holothuria spinifera Theel. Aquaculture, 250(3–4), 823–829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.04.075
  • Aydın, M. (2016). Sea cucumber (Holothuroidea) species of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Maritime and Marine, 2(1), 49–58.
  • Blanchette, C. A., Melissa Miner, C., Raimondi, P. T., Lohse, D., Heady, K. E. K., & Broitman, B. R. (2008). Biogeographical patterns of rocky intertidal communities along the Pacific coast of North America. Journal of Biogeography, 35(9), 1593–1607. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01913.x
  • Bruckner, A. W., Johnson, K. A., & Field, J. D. (2003). Conservation strategies for sea cucumbers: Can a CITES Appendix II listing promote sustainable international trade. SPC Bêche-de-Mer Information Bulletin, 18(1), 24–33.
  • Bulteel, P., Jangoux, M., & Coulon, P. (1992). Biometry, Bathymetric Distribution, and Reproductive Cycle of the Holothuroid Holothuria tubulosa (Echinodermata) from Mediterranean Sea grass Beds. Marine Ecology, 13(1), 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.1992.tb00339.x
  • Conand, C. (1990). The fishery resources of Pacific Island countries: Holothurians (No. 272). Food & Agriculture Organization.
  • Conand C. (1993). Reproductive biology of the holothurians from the major communities of the New Caledonia Lagoon. Marine Biology, 116, 439–450. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00350061
  • Conand, C. (2008). Population status, fisheries and trade of sea cucumbers in Africa and the Indian Ocean. In: Toral-Granda V., Lovatelli A., Vasconcellos M. (eds). Sea cucumbers. A global review of fisheries and trade. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper, 516, 143–193.
  • Conand, C., Dinhut, V., Quod, J., & Rolland, R. (2005). Sea cucumber inventory in Mayotte, southwest Indian Ocean. SPC Beche-de-Mer Information Bulletin, 22, 19–22.
  • Conand, C., Muthiga, N., Aumeeruddy, R., Torre, C., Frouin, P., Mgaya, Y., Mirault, E., Ochiewo, J., & Rasolofonirina, R. (2006). A three-year project on sea cucumbers in the southwestern Indian Ocean: National and regional analyses to improve management. Beche-de-Mer Information Bulletin, 23, 11–15.
  • Cone, R. S. (1989). The Need to Reconsider the Use of Condition Indices in Fishery Science. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 118(5), 510–514. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0511:tntrtu>2.3.co;2
  • Cren, E. D. Le. (1951). The Length-Weight Relationship and Seasonal Cycle in Gonad Weight and Condition in the Perch (Perca fluviatilis). The Journal of Animal Ecology, 20(2), 201. https://doi.org/10.2307/1540
  • Dabbagh, A. R., & Kamrani, E. (2011). Collection of a sea cucumber, Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) hilla Lesson, 1830 specimen from Farur Island (Persian Gulf, Iran). World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, 3(3), 214–216.
  • Dabbagh, A. R., & Keshavarz, M. (2011). Three sea cucumbers from the Bandar-E Bostaneh coast (Persian Gulf, Iran). . World Applied Science Journal, 13(8), 1933–1937.
  • Dabbagh, A. R., Keshavarz, M., Mohammadikia, D., Afkhami, M., & Nateghi, S. A. (2012). Holothuria scabra (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida): first record of a highly valued sea cucumber, in the Persian Gulf, Iran. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5: e69. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267212000620
  • Dissanayake, D. C. T., & Stefansson, G. (2010). Aquatic Living Resources Abundance and distribution of commercial sea cucumber species in the coastal waters of Sri Lanka. Aquatic Living Resources, 23(3), 303–313. https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2010031
  • Dong, P., Xue, C. H., Yu, L. F., Xu, J., & Chen, S. G. (2008). Determination of triterpene glycosides in sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) and its related products by high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(13), 4937–4942. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf800893r
  • Ellis, J., & Rogers, S. (2000). The distribution, relative abundance and diversity of echinoderms in the eastern English Channel, Bristol Channel, and Irish Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK, 80(1), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499001642
  • Foster, G. G., & Hodgson, A. N. (1995). Annual reproductive cycles of three sympatric species of intertidal holothurians (Echinodermata) from the coast of the eastern cape province of south africa. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 27(1), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1995.9672433
  • Froese, F., & Pauly, D. (2016). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. Available from: www.fishbase.org (last consulted on: 2016/06).
  • Giese, A. C., Pearse, J. S., & Eds. (1974). Reproduction of marine invertebrates, vol. I. Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 75 (pp. 725–738).
  • Haimovici, M., & Velasco, G. (2000). Length-weight relationship of marine fishes from southern Brazil. Naga, the ICLARM Quarterly, 23(1), 19–23.
  • Hamel, J., & Mercier, A. (1995). Spawning of the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa in the St. Lawrence Estuary, eastern Canada. SPC Beche-de-Mer Information Bulletin, 7, 12–18.
  • Hannah, L., Duprey, N., Blackburn, J., Hand, C. M., & Pearce, C. M. (2012). Growth rate of the california sea cucumber Parastichopus californicus: Measurement accuracy and relationships between size and weight metrics. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 32(1), 167–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.663455
  • Hardewig, I., Pörtner, H. O., & Van Dijk, P. (2004). How does the cold stenothermal gadoid Lota lota survive high water temperatures during summer? Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology, 174(2), 149–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-003-0399-8
  • Harriott, V. J. (1985). Reproductive biology of three congeneric sea cucumber species, holothuria atra, h. Impatiens and h. edulis, at heron reef, great barrier reef. Marine and Freshwater Research, 36(1), 51–57. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF9850051
  • Heding, S. G. (1940). Echinoderms of the Iranian Gulf. Holothuroidea. Danish Scientific Investigations in Iran, 2, 113–137.
  • Helmuth, B., & Hofmann, G. E. (2001). Microhabitats, thermal heterogeneity, and patterns of physiological stress in the rocky intertidal zone. University of Chicago Press, 201(3), 374–384. https://doi.org/10.2307/1543615
  • Hofmann, G., & Somero, G. (1995). Evidence for protein damage at environmental temperatures: seasonal changes in levels of ubiquitin conjugates and hsp70 in the intertidal mussel Mytilus trossulus. Journal of Experimental Biology, 198(Pt 7), 1509–1518.
  • Höpner, T., Ebrahimpour, H., & Maraschi, M. K. (2000). Five intertidal areas of the Persian Gulf. Wadden Sea Newsletter, 2, 30–33.
  • Hu, M., Li, Q., & Li, L. (2010). Effect of salinity and temperature on salinity tolerance of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Fisheries Science, 76(2), 267–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-010-0214-x
  • Izsak, C., Price, A. R. G., Hardy, J. T., & Basson, P. W. (2002). Biodiversity of periphyton (diatoms) and echinoderms around a refinery effluent, and possible associations with stability. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management, 5(1), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980260199963
  • Jacobs, J. (1975). Diversity, stability and maturity in ecosystems influenced by human activities. In Unifying Concepts in Ecology (pp. 187–207). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1954-5_15
  • Kazanidis, G., Antoniadou, C., Lola, S. A. P., Neofitou, N., Vafidis, D., Chintiroglou, C., & Neofitou, C. (2010). Population Dynamics and Reproduction of Holothuria tubulosa (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) in the Aegean Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association United Kingdom, 90(5), 895–901. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315410000251
  • Kinch, J., Purcell, S., Uthicke, S., & Friedman, K. (2008). fisheries and trade of sea cucumbers in the Western Central Pacific. In: Toral-Granda V., Lovatelli A., Vasconcellos M. (Eds.). Sea cucumbers. A global review of fisheries and trade. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper, 516, 7–55.
  • Kinne, O. (1971). Salinity: animals-invertebrates. Marine Ecology: a comprehensive, integrated treatise on life in oceans and coastal waters: 1. Environmental factors: 2. pp. 821-995.
  • Krebs, R., & Loeschcke, V. (1994). Costs and benefits of activation of the heat-shock response in Drosophila melanogaster. Functional Ecology, 8(6), 730–737.
  • Lawson, T. B. (1995). Fundamentals of aquaculture engineering. Springer US. P: 364. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0479-1
  • Li, L., & Li, Q. (2010). Effects of stocking density, temperature, and salinity on larval survival and growth of the red race of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka). Aquaculture International, 18(3), 447–460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-009-9256-4
  • Margalef, R. (1958). Temporal succession and spatial heterogeneity in phytoplankton. In Perspectives in Marine Biology; Buzzati-Traverso, A.A., Ed.; (pp. 323–347). University of California Press: Berkeley, CA, USA.
  • Mendes, F. M., Marenzi, A. W., & Di Domenico, M. (2006). Population patterns and seasonal observations on density and distribution of Holothuria grisea (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida) on the Santa Catarina Coast, Brazil. SPC Beche-de-Mer Information Bulletin, 23, 5–10.
  • Mercier, A., Battaglene, S. C., & Hamel, J. F. (2000). Settlement preferences and early migration of the tropical sea cucumber Holothuria scabra. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 249(1), 89–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(00)00187-8
  • Mitchell, L. G., Mutchmor, J. A., & Dolphin, W. D. (1988). Zoology. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc, Menlo Park. CA, P: 862.
  • Moussa, R. M., Abdel Razek, F., Abdel-Rahman, S. H., Mona, M. H., & El-Gamal Mabrouk, M. (2018). Factors Influencing the Prospect of Asexual Reproduction in Holothuria Arenicola (Semper, 1868). International Journal of Oceanography & Aquaculture, 2(4), 1–9.
  • Natan, Y., Uneputty, P. A., Lewerissa, Y. a., & Pattikawa, J. a. (2015). Species and size composition of sea cucumber in coastal waters of UN bay, Southeast Maluku, Indonesia. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 3(1), 251–256.
  • Paulay, G. (2014). Holothuroidea. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved on, 2.
  • Pauly, D. (1983). Some simple methods for the assessment of tropical fish stocks. Fao Fisheries Technical Paper, 234, 52.
  • Pauly, D. (1984). Fish population dynamics in tropical waters: a manual for use with programmable calculators. ICLARM, Manila. 325pp. https://doi.org/10.23880/ijoac-16000145
  • Pawson, D. L. (2007). Phylum echinodermata. Zootaxa, 1668(1), 749–764.
  • Pielou, E. C. (1966). The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collections. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 13(1966), 131-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5193(66)90013-0
  • Poot-Salazar, A., Hernández-Flores, Á., & Ardisson, P. L. (2014). Use of the SLW index to calculate growth function in the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus. Scientific Reports, 4(5151), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep05151
  • Portner, H. O. (2002). Climate variations and the physiological basis of temperature dependent biogeography: systemic to molecular hierarchy of thermal tolerance in animals. In Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A (Vol. 132).
  • Prescott, J., Riwu, J., Steenbergen, D. J., & Stacey, N. (2015). Governance and Governability: The Small-Scale Purse Seine Fishery in Pulau Rote, Eastern Indonesia (pp. 61–84). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17034-3_4
  • Preston, G. L. (1993). Beche-de-mer. Nearshore marine resources of the Southern Pacific: Information for fisheries development and management. Institute of Pacific Studies, Fiji; Forum Fisheries Agency, Solomon Islands; International Centre for Ocean Development, Canada. 371–407.
  • Price, A. R. G. (1981). Studies on the echinoderm fauna of the western Arabian Gulf. Journal of Natural History, 15(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938100770011
  • Purcell, S., & Tekanene, M. (2006). Ontogenetic Changes in Colouration and Morphology of White Teat Fish, Holothuria fuscogilva, Juveniles in Kiribati. SPC Beche-de-Mer Information Bulletin, 23, 29–31.
  • Purcell, S. W., Gossuin, H., & Agudo, N. S. (2009). Status and management of the sea cucumber fishery of la Grande Terre, New Caledonia. Programme ZoNéCo. WorldFish Center Studies and Reviews No. 1901. The WorldFish Center, P.O. Box 500 GPO, 10670 Penang, Malaysia.
  • Purcell, Steven W., & Agudo, N. S. (2013). Optimisation of Mesh Enclosures for Nursery Rearing of Juvenile Sea Cucumbers. PLoS ONE, 8(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064103
  • Ram, R., Chand, R. V., & Southgate, P. C. (2016). An Overview of Sea Cucumber Fishery Management in the Fiji Islands. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11(3), 191–205. https://doi.org/10.3923/jfas.2016.191.205
  • Salari-Aliabadi, M. A., & Monjezi-Veysi, M. (2020). Application of Calcareous Spicules for the Identification of Sea Cucumbers in the Rocky Shores of Northern Persian Gulf. Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences, 49(2), 281–286. http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/54073
  • Salarzadeh, A., Afkhami, M., Ehsanpour, M., Mehvari, A., & Bastami, K. D. (2013). Identification of sea cucumber species around Hengam Island (Persian Gulf, Iran). Marine Biodiversity Records, 6. E12. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267212001212
  • Samyn Y., V. D. and M. C. (2006). Taxonomie des holothuries des Comores. ABC Taxa, Volume 1, I–III. Brussels, Belgium: Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences.
  • Sang, C. (1990). Biology of the Japanese common sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus Selenka (No. 5500). Secretary of State. Multilingual Services Division.
  • Seaman, W. (2002). Artificial reef evaluation: with application to natural marine habitats. 264 pages. CRC press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420036633
  • Shannon, C. E., & Weaver, W. (1949). The mathematical theory of communication (Urbana, IL. Pp. eds. University of Illinois Press IL.
  • Simpson, E. H. (1949). Measurement of diversity. Nature. 163(4148), 688–688. https://doi.org/10.1038/163688a0
  • Todd, C. D., & Doyle, R. W. (1981). Reproductive strategies of marine benthic invertebrates: settlement-timing hypothesis. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 4(7), 75–83.
  • Toral-Granda, M. V., & Martínez, P. C. (2007). Reproductive biology and population structure of the sea cucumber Isostichopus fuscus (Ludwig, 1875) (Holothuroidea) in Caamaño, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. Marine Biology, 151(6), 2091–2098. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-007-0640-1
  • Uthicke, S., Schaffelke, B., & Byrne, M. (2009). A boom-bust phylum? Ecological and evolutionary consequences of density variations in echinoderms. Ecological Monographs, 79(1), 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1890/07-2136.1
  • Veronika, K., Edrisinghe, U., Sivashanthini, K., & Athauda, A. R. S. . B. (2018). Length-Weight Relationships of Four Different Sea Cucumber Species in North-East Coastal Region of Sri Lanka. Tropical Agricultural Research. 29(2), 212–217. https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v29i2.8290
  • Wang, T., Wang, H. S., Sun, G. W., Huang, D., & Shen, J. H. (2012). Length–weight and length–length relationships for some Yangtze River fishes in Tian‐e‐zhou Oxbow, China. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 28(4), 660–662. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.13215
There are 73 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mohammad Monjezi Veysi

Mohammad Ali Salari-aliabadi This is me

Publication Date January 25, 2021
Submission Date September 25, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Veysi, M. M., & Salari-aliabadi, M. A. (2021). Ecological study of two sea cucumbers (Holothuria parva and Holothuria arenicola) in the Hormozgan and Bushehr provinces of Persian Gulf. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 6(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.868048

                                                                                               We welcome all your submissions

                                                                                                             Warm regards,
                                                                                                      


All published work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Link . Creative Commons License
                                                                                         NESciences.com © 2015