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Relative Gut Length and Gastro-somatic Index of Acanthopagrus arabicus (Iwatsuki, 2013) from the Offshore Waters of Pakistan

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 67 - 79, 04.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1098678

Abstract

Relative gut length, Zihler’s index, and Gastro-somatic index of Acanthopagrus arabicus were studied to investigate its feeding intensity and feeding habit, by collecting 240 samples of fishes from two fishing harbors of Pakistan from September 2017 to August 2018. According to the results, fish mean total length ranged from 16.26 ± 2.83 cm (in June) to 30.89 ± 5.16 cm (in September), and mean total weight ranged from 77.70 ± 42.25 g (in June) to 486.80 ± 237.28 g (in November). The total length and gut length of A. arabicus have a strong statistical relationship (P < 0.05). In A. arabicus, the overall relative gut length (RGL) values were ranged from 0.69 to 2.63 with a mean value of 1.57 ± 0.31. The RGL lowest (1.35) and highest (1.70) value was analyzed in the size groups ranging 12.0 - 16.0 cm TL and 24.1 - 28.0 cm TL respectively. However this value is not much greater than 1, A. arabicus could be described as an omnivorous feeding habit in coastal waters of Pakistan. The temporal changes in the feeding intensity of A. arabicus were found as the Gastro-somatic index (Ga-SI) presented a significant difference during the twelve months (ANOVA, P < 0.05). The Gastro-somatic index lowest value was found in January (1.55 ± 0.59) and highest in August (5.66 ± 3.26). This type of study is beneficial for aquaculture as well as assessing the ecological role of A. arabicus along with its position in the food chain of Pakistani coastal waters.

References

  • Ahmad, N., Siddiqui, P.J.A., Khan, M.K., Akbar, N.U., Rashid, M. & Masroor, R. (2018). The growth performance of Juvenile Yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus arabicus) fed at different feeding rates while reared in floating net cages. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 28, 1014 - 1020.
  • Akhtar, Y., & Bilqees, F.M. (2011). Food and feeding habits of marine edible fish Pomadasys maculatum (Bloch, 1797) and description of a new nematode Dujardinascaris maculatum Sp. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 8 (1), 11 - 19.
  • Al-Hussaini, A.H. (1949). On the functional morphology of the alimentary tract of some fish in relation to differences in their feeding habits anatomy and histology. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 3, 109 - 139.
  • Ayub, S., Siddiqui, G., Hassan, H., Mahmood, K., Abdel-Aziz, M.F.A. Abbas, G., Hussain, M., Ayub, Z. & Hossain, M.Y. (2021). Feeding ecology and stomach content analysis of the king soldier bream, Argyrops spinifer (Forsskal 1775) (Perciformes: Sparidae) from the offshore waters (Northern Arabian Sea) of Pakistan. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, 25 (1), 47 - 59.
  • Azh, Z., Sourinejad, I., Kamrani, E. & Ghodrati Shojaei, M. (2015). Feeding habits of Indian halibut Psettodes erumei in the Persian Gulf (Hormozgan Province). Journal of Animal Research, 25, 125 - 135.
  • Banse, K. (1987). Seasonality of phytoplankton chlorophyll in the central and northern Arabian Sea. Deep Sea Research, 34, 713 - 723.
  • Barton, M.G. (1982). Intertidal vertical distribution and diets of five species of central California stichaeoid fishes. California Fish and Game, 68, 174 - 182.
  • Bauchot, M.L. & Smith, M.M. (1984). Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (Eds.), FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 4. FAO, Rome.
  • Benavides, A.G., Cancino, J.M. & Ojeda, F.P. (1994). Ontogenetic changes in gut dimension and macroalgal digestibility in the marine herbivorous fish, Aplodactylus punctatus. Functional Ecology, 8, 46 - 51.
  • Desai, V.R. (1970). Studies on fishery and biology of Tor tor(Hamilton) from river Narmada. I. Food and feeding habits. Journal of the Inland Fisheries Society of India, 2, 101 - 112.
  • Ebert, T.A. & Russell, M. (1994). Allometry and model II non-linear regression. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 168, 367 - 372.
  • Eggold, B.T. & Motta, P.J. (1992). Ontogenetic dietary shifts and morphological correlates in striped mullet, Mugil cephalus. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 34, 139 - 158.
  • Elliott, J.P. & Bellwood, D.R. (2003). Alimentary tract morphology and diet in three coral reef fish families. Journal of Fish Biology, 63, 1598 - 1609.
  • Figueiredo, M., Morato, T., Barreiros, J.P., Afonso, P. & Santos, R.S. (2005). Feeding ecology of the white seabream, Diplodus sargus, and the ballan wrasse, Labrus bergylta, in the Azores. Fisheries Research, 75, 107 - 119.
  • Gerking, S.D. (1994). Feeding ecology of fish. Academic Press Limited, London.
  • Honda, H. (1984). Food acquisition patterns in some demersal teleosts.Tohoku Journal of Agricultural Research, 35, 33 - 54.
  • Karachle, P.K. & Stergiou K.I. (2010). Gut length for several marine fish: relationships with body length and trophic implications. Marine Biodiversity Records, 3, E106. doi:10.1017/S1755267210000904.
  • Khalil, B. (2012). Observation On The Food And Feeding Habits of Cynoglossus bilineatus (Family: Cynoglossidae) From Karachi Coast, Pakistan. Journal of Biological Research & Applied Sciences, 3 (1), 01 - 06.
  • Khalil, B. & Ibrahim, F. (2016). Food and feeding habits of Cynoglossus arel (Family: Cynoglossidae) from Karachi Coast, Pakistan. International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies, 3(1): 91 - 96.
  • Khan, M.A., Yousuf, K. & Riaz, S. (2014). Food and Feeding Habits of Sillago sihama (Forsskal, 1775) (Family: Sillaginidae) from Karachi coast. International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies, 1(3), 27 - 31.
  • Kramer, D.L. & Bryant, M.J. (1995a). Intestine length in the fishes of a tropical stream. 2. Relationships to diet—the long and short of a convoluted issue. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 42, 115 - 127.
  • Kramer, D.L. & Bryant, M.J. (1995b). Intestine length in the fishes of a tropical stream: 1. Ontogenetic allometry. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 42, 129 - 141.
  • Kurbah, B.M. & Bhuyan, R.N. (2018). Analysis of feeding behavior and gastro-somatic index (GaSI) during different phases of the breeding cycle of Monopterus cuchia (Hamilton, 1822) from Meghalaya, India. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 10(4), 1187 - 1191.
  • Manzoor, H., Zohra K., & Osmany, H.B. (2019). Feeding habits of pick handle barracuda (Sphyraena jello) cuvier, 1829 along the coast of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences, 28(1), 63 - 70.
  • Mehanna, S.F., El-Gammal, F.I., Mahmoud, U.M. & El-Mahdy, S.M. (2017). Food and Feeding Habits of Two-Bar Seabream, Acanthopagrus bifasciatus (Forsskål, 1775) from Southern Red Sea, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, 21(2), 67 - 78.
  • Montgomery, W.L. (1977). Diet and gut morphology in fishes with special reference to the monkeyface prickleback, Cebidichthys violaceus (Stichaeidae: Blennioidei). Copeia, 178 - 182.
  • Motta, P.J. (1988). Functional morphology of the feeding apparatus of ten species of Pacific butterflyfishes (Perciformes, Chaetodontidae): an ecomorphological approach. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 22, 39 - 67.
  • Nip, T.H., Ho, W.Y. & Wong, C.K. (2003). Feeding ecology of larval and juvenile black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) and Japanese seaperch (Lateolabrax japonicus) in Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 66(2), 197 - 209.
  • Norriss, J.V., Tregonning, J.E., Lenanton, R.C.J. & Sarre, G.A. (2002). Biological synopsis of the black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri (Munro) (Teleostei: Sparidae) in Western Australia with reference to information from other states. Fisheries Research Report no. 93, Department of Fisheries, Western Australia.
  • Pallaro, A., Santic, M., & Jardas, I. (2003). Feeding habits of the Saddled bream, Oblada melanura (Sparidae), in the Adriatic Sea. Cybium, 27(4), 261 - 268. http://sficybium.fr/en/node/1413.
  • Pe´rez-Espan˜a, H. & Abitia-Ca ´rdenas, L.A. (1996). Description of the digestive tract and feeding habits of the king angelfish and the Cortes angelfish. Journal of Fish Biology, 48, 807 - 817.
  • Qamar, N., Panhwar, S.K. & Ralf Riedel, R. (2018). Feeding Patterns of Two Commercially Important Fish Species Scomberoides commersonnianus and S. tol in the Northern Arabian Sea Coast of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 50(3), 941 - 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/2018.50.3.941.949.
  • Qasim, S.Z. (1977). Biological productivity of the Indian Ocean. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, 122 - 137.
  • Riaz, S. (2019). Some Aspects of Biology and Fishery of AcanthopagrusArabicus (Iwatsuki, 2013) (Family: Sparidae) From Karachi Coast. Ph.D. thesis, University of Karachi, p. 200.
  • Ribble, D.O. & Smith, M.H. (1983). Relative intestine length and feeding ecology of freshwater fishes. Growth, 47, 292 - 300.
  • Safi, A., Khan, M.A., Khan, M.Z. & Hasmi, M.U.A. (2013). Observations on the food and feeding habits of striped piggy Pomadasys stridens (Forsskal. 1775) (Family; Pomadasyidae) from Karachi Coast, Pakistan. International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies, 1(1), 7 - 14. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijbr.v1i2.1223.
  • Salavatian, M., Gholiev, Z., Aliev, A. & Abassi, K. (2011). Feeding behavior of brown trout, Salmo trutta fario, during spawning season in four rivers of Lar National Park, Iran. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 9, 223 - 233.
  • Sourinejad, I., Ataei, N.K.S., Kamrani, E. & Shojaei, G.M. (2015). Feeding habits of yellowfin seabream, Acanthopagrus latus in the northern region of the Persian Gulf. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 13(1), 31- 39.
  • Thomas, S.M., Chadha, N.K., Purayil, S.B.P., Kandiyil, A.P., Kavungal, V., Joseph, I., Sawant, P.B. & Abhijith, R. (2019). The food and feeding habits of Goldsilk Seabream, Acanthopagrus berda (Forsskal, 1775). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 19(7), 605 - 614.
  • Vahabnezhad, A., Kaymaram, F., Taghavi Motlagh, S.A., Valinassab, T., & Fatemi, S.M.R. (2016). The reproductive biology and feeding habits of yellowfin Seabream, Acanthopagrus latus (Houttuyn, 1782), in the Northern Persian Gulf. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 15(1), 16 - 30.
  • Ward-Campbell, B.M.S., Beamish, F.W.H. & Kongchaiya, C. (2005). Morphological characteristics in relation to diet in five coexisting Thai fish species. Journal of Fish Biology, 67, 1266 – 1279.
  • Wootton, R.J. (Ed.) (1990). Ecology of Teleost Fishes. New York, Chapman and Hall.
  • Zar, J.H. (Ed.) (1996). Biostatistical analysis. 5th edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1- 944.
  • Zihler, F. (1982). Gross morphology and configuration of digestive tracts of Cichlidae (Teleostei, Perciformes): phylogenetic and functional significance. Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 32, 544 - 571.
Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 67 - 79, 04.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1098678

Abstract

References

  • Ahmad, N., Siddiqui, P.J.A., Khan, M.K., Akbar, N.U., Rashid, M. & Masroor, R. (2018). The growth performance of Juvenile Yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus arabicus) fed at different feeding rates while reared in floating net cages. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 28, 1014 - 1020.
  • Akhtar, Y., & Bilqees, F.M. (2011). Food and feeding habits of marine edible fish Pomadasys maculatum (Bloch, 1797) and description of a new nematode Dujardinascaris maculatum Sp. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 8 (1), 11 - 19.
  • Al-Hussaini, A.H. (1949). On the functional morphology of the alimentary tract of some fish in relation to differences in their feeding habits anatomy and histology. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 3, 109 - 139.
  • Ayub, S., Siddiqui, G., Hassan, H., Mahmood, K., Abdel-Aziz, M.F.A. Abbas, G., Hussain, M., Ayub, Z. & Hossain, M.Y. (2021). Feeding ecology and stomach content analysis of the king soldier bream, Argyrops spinifer (Forsskal 1775) (Perciformes: Sparidae) from the offshore waters (Northern Arabian Sea) of Pakistan. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, 25 (1), 47 - 59.
  • Azh, Z., Sourinejad, I., Kamrani, E. & Ghodrati Shojaei, M. (2015). Feeding habits of Indian halibut Psettodes erumei in the Persian Gulf (Hormozgan Province). Journal of Animal Research, 25, 125 - 135.
  • Banse, K. (1987). Seasonality of phytoplankton chlorophyll in the central and northern Arabian Sea. Deep Sea Research, 34, 713 - 723.
  • Barton, M.G. (1982). Intertidal vertical distribution and diets of five species of central California stichaeoid fishes. California Fish and Game, 68, 174 - 182.
  • Bauchot, M.L. & Smith, M.M. (1984). Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (Eds.), FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 4. FAO, Rome.
  • Benavides, A.G., Cancino, J.M. & Ojeda, F.P. (1994). Ontogenetic changes in gut dimension and macroalgal digestibility in the marine herbivorous fish, Aplodactylus punctatus. Functional Ecology, 8, 46 - 51.
  • Desai, V.R. (1970). Studies on fishery and biology of Tor tor(Hamilton) from river Narmada. I. Food and feeding habits. Journal of the Inland Fisheries Society of India, 2, 101 - 112.
  • Ebert, T.A. & Russell, M. (1994). Allometry and model II non-linear regression. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 168, 367 - 372.
  • Eggold, B.T. & Motta, P.J. (1992). Ontogenetic dietary shifts and morphological correlates in striped mullet, Mugil cephalus. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 34, 139 - 158.
  • Elliott, J.P. & Bellwood, D.R. (2003). Alimentary tract morphology and diet in three coral reef fish families. Journal of Fish Biology, 63, 1598 - 1609.
  • Figueiredo, M., Morato, T., Barreiros, J.P., Afonso, P. & Santos, R.S. (2005). Feeding ecology of the white seabream, Diplodus sargus, and the ballan wrasse, Labrus bergylta, in the Azores. Fisheries Research, 75, 107 - 119.
  • Gerking, S.D. (1994). Feeding ecology of fish. Academic Press Limited, London.
  • Honda, H. (1984). Food acquisition patterns in some demersal teleosts.Tohoku Journal of Agricultural Research, 35, 33 - 54.
  • Karachle, P.K. & Stergiou K.I. (2010). Gut length for several marine fish: relationships with body length and trophic implications. Marine Biodiversity Records, 3, E106. doi:10.1017/S1755267210000904.
  • Khalil, B. (2012). Observation On The Food And Feeding Habits of Cynoglossus bilineatus (Family: Cynoglossidae) From Karachi Coast, Pakistan. Journal of Biological Research & Applied Sciences, 3 (1), 01 - 06.
  • Khalil, B. & Ibrahim, F. (2016). Food and feeding habits of Cynoglossus arel (Family: Cynoglossidae) from Karachi Coast, Pakistan. International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies, 3(1): 91 - 96.
  • Khan, M.A., Yousuf, K. & Riaz, S. (2014). Food and Feeding Habits of Sillago sihama (Forsskal, 1775) (Family: Sillaginidae) from Karachi coast. International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies, 1(3), 27 - 31.
  • Kramer, D.L. & Bryant, M.J. (1995a). Intestine length in the fishes of a tropical stream. 2. Relationships to diet—the long and short of a convoluted issue. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 42, 115 - 127.
  • Kramer, D.L. & Bryant, M.J. (1995b). Intestine length in the fishes of a tropical stream: 1. Ontogenetic allometry. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 42, 129 - 141.
  • Kurbah, B.M. & Bhuyan, R.N. (2018). Analysis of feeding behavior and gastro-somatic index (GaSI) during different phases of the breeding cycle of Monopterus cuchia (Hamilton, 1822) from Meghalaya, India. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 10(4), 1187 - 1191.
  • Manzoor, H., Zohra K., & Osmany, H.B. (2019). Feeding habits of pick handle barracuda (Sphyraena jello) cuvier, 1829 along the coast of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences, 28(1), 63 - 70.
  • Mehanna, S.F., El-Gammal, F.I., Mahmoud, U.M. & El-Mahdy, S.M. (2017). Food and Feeding Habits of Two-Bar Seabream, Acanthopagrus bifasciatus (Forsskål, 1775) from Southern Red Sea, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, 21(2), 67 - 78.
  • Montgomery, W.L. (1977). Diet and gut morphology in fishes with special reference to the monkeyface prickleback, Cebidichthys violaceus (Stichaeidae: Blennioidei). Copeia, 178 - 182.
  • Motta, P.J. (1988). Functional morphology of the feeding apparatus of ten species of Pacific butterflyfishes (Perciformes, Chaetodontidae): an ecomorphological approach. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 22, 39 - 67.
  • Nip, T.H., Ho, W.Y. & Wong, C.K. (2003). Feeding ecology of larval and juvenile black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) and Japanese seaperch (Lateolabrax japonicus) in Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 66(2), 197 - 209.
  • Norriss, J.V., Tregonning, J.E., Lenanton, R.C.J. & Sarre, G.A. (2002). Biological synopsis of the black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri (Munro) (Teleostei: Sparidae) in Western Australia with reference to information from other states. Fisheries Research Report no. 93, Department of Fisheries, Western Australia.
  • Pallaro, A., Santic, M., & Jardas, I. (2003). Feeding habits of the Saddled bream, Oblada melanura (Sparidae), in the Adriatic Sea. Cybium, 27(4), 261 - 268. http://sficybium.fr/en/node/1413.
  • Pe´rez-Espan˜a, H. & Abitia-Ca ´rdenas, L.A. (1996). Description of the digestive tract and feeding habits of the king angelfish and the Cortes angelfish. Journal of Fish Biology, 48, 807 - 817.
  • Qamar, N., Panhwar, S.K. & Ralf Riedel, R. (2018). Feeding Patterns of Two Commercially Important Fish Species Scomberoides commersonnianus and S. tol in the Northern Arabian Sea Coast of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 50(3), 941 - 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/2018.50.3.941.949.
  • Qasim, S.Z. (1977). Biological productivity of the Indian Ocean. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, 122 - 137.
  • Riaz, S. (2019). Some Aspects of Biology and Fishery of AcanthopagrusArabicus (Iwatsuki, 2013) (Family: Sparidae) From Karachi Coast. Ph.D. thesis, University of Karachi, p. 200.
  • Ribble, D.O. & Smith, M.H. (1983). Relative intestine length and feeding ecology of freshwater fishes. Growth, 47, 292 - 300.
  • Safi, A., Khan, M.A., Khan, M.Z. & Hasmi, M.U.A. (2013). Observations on the food and feeding habits of striped piggy Pomadasys stridens (Forsskal. 1775) (Family; Pomadasyidae) from Karachi Coast, Pakistan. International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies, 1(1), 7 - 14. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijbr.v1i2.1223.
  • Salavatian, M., Gholiev, Z., Aliev, A. & Abassi, K. (2011). Feeding behavior of brown trout, Salmo trutta fario, during spawning season in four rivers of Lar National Park, Iran. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 9, 223 - 233.
  • Sourinejad, I., Ataei, N.K.S., Kamrani, E. & Shojaei, G.M. (2015). Feeding habits of yellowfin seabream, Acanthopagrus latus in the northern region of the Persian Gulf. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 13(1), 31- 39.
  • Thomas, S.M., Chadha, N.K., Purayil, S.B.P., Kandiyil, A.P., Kavungal, V., Joseph, I., Sawant, P.B. & Abhijith, R. (2019). The food and feeding habits of Goldsilk Seabream, Acanthopagrus berda (Forsskal, 1775). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 19(7), 605 - 614.
  • Vahabnezhad, A., Kaymaram, F., Taghavi Motlagh, S.A., Valinassab, T., & Fatemi, S.M.R. (2016). The reproductive biology and feeding habits of yellowfin Seabream, Acanthopagrus latus (Houttuyn, 1782), in the Northern Persian Gulf. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 15(1), 16 - 30.
  • Ward-Campbell, B.M.S., Beamish, F.W.H. & Kongchaiya, C. (2005). Morphological characteristics in relation to diet in five coexisting Thai fish species. Journal of Fish Biology, 67, 1266 – 1279.
  • Wootton, R.J. (Ed.) (1990). Ecology of Teleost Fishes. New York, Chapman and Hall.
  • Zar, J.H. (Ed.) (1996). Biostatistical analysis. 5th edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1- 944.
  • Zihler, F. (1982). Gross morphology and configuration of digestive tracts of Cichlidae (Teleostei, Perciformes): phylogenetic and functional significance. Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 32, 544 - 571.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Hydrobiology
Journal Section 1
Authors

Iftikhar Ahmed This is me 0000-0002-5526-1684

Azra Bano This is me 0000-0001-5195-6553

Saima Siddique This is me 0000-0003-3506-0639

Publication Date April 4, 2022
Submission Date July 16, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ahmed, I., Bano, A., & Siddique, S. (2022). Relative Gut Length and Gastro-somatic Index of Acanthopagrus arabicus (Iwatsuki, 2013) from the Offshore Waters of Pakistan. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 7(1), 67-79. https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1098678

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