Studying the Genetic Resistance of Some Genotypes of Bread Wheat. Triticum Aestivum L Gall Disease Caused by the Nematode Anguina Tritici

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 117 - 129, 01.09.2025

Hussam Sabah Younis , Hasanain Ali Jaber Wisam Raheem Jiheel Saifuldeen Ahmed Hasan Raeed Mejbel Abdullah

https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1703556

Abstract

The field experiment was carried out during the winter season of 2023 - 2024. The soil of the research project field was prepared in a farmer's field in Kirkuk Governorate. The experiment was conducted on 11/26/2023. This experiment was to study the effect of the wheat crop Triticum aestivum L. through many diseases that infect it and ultimately lead to large economic losses. Among these diseases on the crop is the wheat gall nematode Anguina tritici, which reduces the amount of the crop by different percentages according to the planted variety. There are varieties resistant to the disease that are not affected by infection, and sensitive varieties that lose a large amount of the economic yield. The experiment showed the variation of genetic structures, namely Sham 6, Levante, Adna 99 and Bankal, among them to infection with the wheat gall nematode, and the number of galls showed a variety In terms of resistance to nematode infection, the Bankal genotype outperformed the other genotypes and gave the lowest number of galls per spike, reaching 0.90 galls/spike, while the Levante genotype was the most affected genotype by infection among the tested genotypes, with a significant difference from the rest of the genotypes, reaching 21.33 galls/spike. As for the interaction between the contaminated and healthy treatments, the Bankal genotype also gave the lowest percentage among the genotypes. As for the gall weight, the genotypes used in the experiment varied in their degree of sensitivity to wheat grain gall disease, as the Bankal genotype gave the lowest gall weight, reaching 1.00 mg/gall compared to the gall weights of the other tested genotypes, while the Levante genotype was 14.57 mg/gall. As for the percentage of infected spikes, the lowest infection rate was in the Bankal genotype. The percentage reached 5.83%, while the two most affected genetic compositions by infection are Sham 6 and Levante, both of which gave very high percentages of infected spikes in the field, recorded 49.55% and 100.54% respectively, which are percentages that do not differ significantly. As for the effect of planting dates, the number of grains per spike was affected by the different planting dates, and the date (10 K1) gave the highest number of healthy grains per spike, which was 18.54 grains/spike, with a significant difference, except for the date (30 T2), while the date (10 T2) gave the lowest number of grains per spike, recording 13.51 grains/spike. In the 100-grain weight trait, the date (10 K1) gave the highest weight for the 100-grain trait, recording 4.77 g/100 grains, with a significant difference from the date (20 T2). While the date (10 T2) gave the lowest grain weight, which amounted to 4.06 g/100 grains, there were significant differences among the planting dates in terms of their effect on the traits of the economic yield of the plant when the soil was contaminated with wheat galls and compared with the comparison treatments, as the date (10 K1) gave the highest weight of the economic yield, 7.69 g/plant, with a significant difference from the rest of the other dates except the date (30 T2), while the date (10 T2) recorded the lowest weight of the economic yield, which amounted to 4.89 g/plant. Trait of the biological yield/g, the date (10 K1) recorded the highest value for the trait of the biological yield, which amounted to 27.41 g/plant, and did not differ significantly from the date (30 T2), while the date (10 T2) gave the lowest value for the dry weight, which amounted to 18.97 g/plant.

Keywords

Viruses , (CMV) , Genetic structures , Broad bean , Faba bean

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