Nature in Inheritance of Yield and its Components in Different Mating Designs of Cotton Genotypes (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 495 - 509, 01.09.2025

Dawood Salman Madab , Hussein Ali Hindi Yaseen Obaid Noori Ahmed Sharif Tariq Raad Thaer Al-mafarji

https://doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.1740074

Abstract

Eight lines of cotton (IK, Lashata, Pac Kot 189, Ceebro, Coocker310, W888, Dise and Montana) were conducted in a field farm in the Baghdad Governorate using a half-and-partial diallel cross design to examine the genetic behavior of cotton seeds and their constituent features. (33.05N latitude, 44.32E longitude). A randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates was used for a comparison experiment for studying plant height, vegetative branches, fruiting branches, ball numbers, ball weight and single plant yield. Results concise:
Significant changes were found in all examined characteristics of the yield of cotton and its constituent parts between parents and hybrids, as well as between parents and hybrids included in the research. Parent Coocker310, and its hybrids Pac Kot189*Coocker310, superior in terms of cotton output per plant, along with additional yield components, in addition to hybrid Dise*Montana Pac Kot189*Dise, W888*Dise, and 7*8, Dise*Montana demonstrating a significant superiority in hybrid vigor for yield trait compared to best parental lines. Partitioning of these differences into their components revealed a significant genetic effect of its components, reflected by the unique combining abilities of the hybrid on cross as well as the general combining capacity of parents. Dise, Cooker310, and Pac Kot189 show strong compatibility in addition to the hybrids' supremacy. Dise*Montana and Packot189*Coocker310 have a unique combination of abilities with lint yield and a few of its additional components. Both general and particular combining skills are important for yield, but specific combining skills are more important. As a result, dominance variances are more significant compared to additive variances, with a dominance degree greater than one in traits of cotton yield and its components. This was reflected in reduced narrow-sense heritability of studied traits, as determined by the half-diallel crossing system. Even while additive gene effects predominated and narrow-sense heritability was present in both the number of branches that fruit and ball weight, in addition to plant production, the partial diallel technique of estimating genetic parameters revealed the significance of additive and dominant effects. Spearman's correlation estimates demonstrated a negative relationship between half diallel crossing method and partial diallel crossing method in two most important genetic parameters: general combining ability variance and heritability in narrow sense (-0.25 and -0.92 respectively), despite the first's lack of importance, suggesting a variation in the additive form of gene activity that is used to suggest the best breeding strategy. Therefore, the results of the partial diallel crossing method cannot be substituted as an alternative to the half diallel crossing method. Pac Koot 189 parent can be considered as donor parents, which showed superiority in single plant yield and its components in half and partial diallel methods, as well as in their promising hybrid (Pac Koot189*Coocke310), which needs to be evaluated in early segregating generations.

Keywords

Cotton , genotypes , half diallel , partial diallel

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