THE PSYCHOLOGY OF PREJUDICE: A REVIEW OF PSYCDYNAMIC ROOTS OF PREJUDICE

Abstract

Abstract By the elementary usage in every day life, Prejeudice is a multidimensional phenomena which is influenced by evolutional, ontogenetical, historical, economic, sociopolitic fields. Because of the biopyschosocial features of Human being, Prejudice emerges in many situations. There for, we can be under the influence of prejudice when we make decision and make our choises. From the psychological point of view, identity development process has an important role at the forming of prejudice. Both core individual identity and large group identity development processes contribute to the evolving of benign or malign prejudice. İn addition prejudice has an adaptive function at the preserving both of individual and large group identity permanent. In the case of developing negative prejudice toward strangers and of xenophobia, large group dynamics have an important role. In this paper psychoanalytic and psychodynamic roots of prejedice had been more focused over the social and cognitive roots of prejudice had been and emphasised importance of psychoanalytic theories at the prevention of malign and rigid prejudice. Key words: prejudice, steriotype, xenophobia, , identity , Large Group Identity

Keywords

• Prejudice, Steriotype, Xenophobia, Identity , Large Group Identity

ÖNYARGILARIN PSİKOLOJİSİ: PSİKODİNAMİK BİR GÖZDEN GEÇİRME

Öz

Özet Önyargı gündelik hayattaki basitleştirilmiş kullanımının yanında, evrimsel, ontogenetik, tarihsel, ekonomik, sosyopolitik alanlardan etkilenen çok boyutlu bir fenomendir. Önyargılar, insanoğlunun biyopsikososyal özellikleri nedeniyle, birçok durumda görünüm bulabilmektedir. Seçimlerimizden, verdiğimiz kararlara kadar farkında olmadan önyargılarımızın etkisi altında olabilmekteyiz. Önyargıların oluşmasında psikolojik anlamda kimlik gelişiminin büyük bir rolü vardır. Gerek bireysel kimlik gerekse de geniş grup kimliğinin gelişim süreçleri ve özellikleri iyi huylu ve kötücül önyargıların oluşumuna katkı sağlamaktadır. Bunun yanında önyargılar, gerek bireysel gerekse de geniş grup kimliğinin bütünlüğünün korunmasında adaptif bir işleve sahiptir. Yabancı düşmanlığı ve yabancılara karşı olumsuz önyargıların oluşumunda, geniş grup dinamiklerinin büyük rolü bulunmaktadır. Bu yazıda önyargıların sosyal ve bilişsel kökenlerinden çok psikodinamik kökenleri gözden geçirilmiş ve katı önyargılara karşı korunma ve mücadelede psikanalitik kuramların önemi vurgulanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler : Önyargı, kalıpyargı, yabancı düşmanlığı, kimlik, geniş grup kimliği

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Önyargı, Kalıpyargı, Yabancı düşmanlığı, Kimlik

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