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Evaluation of Soft Tissue Calcifications in the Head and Neck Region on Panoramic Radiography of Edentulous Patients

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 208 - 215, 30.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.51122/neudentj.2024.104

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the types and incidence of soft tissue calcifications observed on panoramic radiographs of edentulous patients.
Material and methods: A total of 1297 panoramic radiographs of edentulous patients who applied to Fırat University School of Dentistry for different reasons between 2013 and 2022 and had a consent form were evaluated retrospectively. 131 radiographs with magnification and positioning errors were not included. Calcifications were classified according to localization, number, structure, shape and appearance. IBM SPSS Statistics 22 program was used for statistical analysis. Compatibility of the parameters with normal distribution was evaluated with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. In addition to descriptive statistical methods; Mann-Whitney U, Chi-Square, Fisher's Exact Chi-Square, Kruskal Wallis tests and Continuity (Yates) Correction were used. Significance was evaluated at p<0.05.
Results: A total of 1166 panoramic radiographs (539 female, 627 male) were examined and soft tissue calcifications were detected in 274 patients (23.5%). The ages of patients with calcification range from 36 to 88; 146 (53.3%) were male and 128 (46.8%) were female. The mean age was 64.45±9.06 years. Tonsillolith in 17.5%, carotid artery calcification in 10.6%, lymph node calcification in 4.8%, triticeous cartilage calcification in 2.1%, antrolith in 0.9%, rhinolith in 0.7%, sialolith in 0.4% and phleboliths were detected in only one patient (0.08%) of all cases.
Conclusion: The diagnosis of soft tissue calcifications by dentists and their differentiation from anatomical structures and pathologies are very crucial. In this way, it is possible to prevent unnecessary examinations and treatments and also to refer patients for further examinations when necessary.

References

  • Cunha-Cruz J, Hujoel PP, Nadanovsky P. Secular trends in socio-economic disparities in edentulism: USA, 1972-2001. J Dent Res 2007;86:131-6.
  • Emami E, de Souza RF, Kabawat M, Feine JS. The impact of edentulism on oral and general health. Int J Dent 2013:498305.
  • Astrøm AN, Haugejorden O, Skaret E, Trovik TA, Klock KS. Oral Impacts on Daily Performance in Norwegian adults: the influence of age, number of missing teeth, and socio-demographic factors. Eur J Oral Sci 2006;114:115-21.
  • Gökalp S, Doğan G, Uzamış MT, Berberoğlu A, Ünlüer Ş. Erişkin ve yaşlılarda ağız-diş sağlığı profili Türkiye-2004. Hacettepe Diş hekimliği Fakültesi Derg. (Clinical Dentistry and Research) 2007;31:11-8.
  • Polzer I, Schimmel M, Muller F, Biffar R. 2010, Edentulism as part of the general health problems of elderly adults. International Dental Journal 2010;60:143-55.
  • Ardakani FE, Navab Azam AR. Radiological findings in panoramic radiographs of Iranian edentulous patients. Oral Radiol 2007;23:1-5.
  • Çitir M, Gündüz K. Panoramik radyografide yumuşak doku kalsifikasyon/ ossifikasyonlarının görülme sıklığı. Selcuk Dental Journal 2020;7:226-32.
  • Haştar E, Yılmaz H, Orhan H. Dişsiz yaşlı hastalarda panoramik radyografi bulguları. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2010;1:82-7.
  • Avsever H, Orhan K. Çene Kemiği ve Çevre Dokuları Etkileyen Kalsifikasyonlar. Turkiye Klinikleri J Oral Maxillofac Radiol-Special Topics 2018;4:43-52.
  • Özemre MÖ, Seçgin CK, Gülşahı A. Yumuşak doku kalsifikasyonları ve ossifikasyonları: derleme. Acta Odontol Turc 2016;33:166-75.
  • Noffke CEE, Raubenheimer EJ, Chabikuli NJ. Radiopacities in soft tissue on dental radiographs: Diagnostic considerations. SADJ 2015;70:53-9.
  • Felton DA. Edentulism and comorbid factors. J Prosthodont 2009;18:88-96.
  • DSÖ. World Health Organization Global Health and Ageing. NIH Publication No: 11-7737. National Institutes of Health; 2011.
  • Porwal A, Sasaki K. Current status of the neutral zone: a literature review. J Prosthet Dent 2013;109:129-34.
  • Garay I, Netto HD, Olate S. Soft Tissue Calcified in Mandibular Angle Area Observed by means of Panoramic Radiography. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014;15:51-6.
  • Sutter W, Berger S, Meier M, Kropp A, Kielbassa AM, Turhani D. Cross-sectional study on the prevalence of carotid artery calcifications, tonsilloliths, calcified submandibular lymph nodes, sialoliths of the submandibular gland, and idiopathic osteosclerosis using digital panoramic radiography in a Lower Austrian subpopulation. Quintessence Int 2018;22:231-42.
  • Aoun G, Nasseh I, Diab HA, Bacho R. Palatine Tonsilloliths: A Retrospective Study on 500 Digital Panoramic Radiographs. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 2018;19:1284-7.
  • Bamgbose BO, Ruprecht A, Hellstein J, Timmons S, Qian F. The prevalence of tonsilloliths and other soft tissue calcifications in patients attending oral and maxillofacial radiology clinic of the University of Iowa. ISRN Dent 2014;839635.
  • Oda M, Kito S, Tanaka T, Nishida I, Awano S, Fujita Y et al. Prevalence and imaging characteristics of detectable tonsilloliths on 482 pairs of consecutive CT and panoramic radiographs. BMC Oral Health 2013;13:54.
  • Fauroux MA, Mas C, Tramini P, Torres JH. Prevalence of palatine tonsilloliths: a retrospective study on 150 consecutive CT examinations. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2013;42: 20120429.
  • Maia PRL, Tomaz AFG, Maia EFT, Lima KC, Oliveira PT. Prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in panoramic radiographs of the maxillofacial region of older adults. Gerodontology 2022;39:266-72.
  • Brito AC, Nascimento HA, Argento R, Beline T, Ambrosano GM, Freitas DQ. Prevalence of suggestive images of carotid artery calcifications on panoramic radiographs and its srelationship with predisposing factors. Cien Saude Colet 2016;21:2201-8.
  • Scarfe WC, Farman AG. Soft tissue calcifications in the neck: Maxillofacial CBCT presentation and significance. AADMRT Currrents 2010;2:1-15.
  • Nasseh I, Sokhn S, Noujeim M, Aoun G. Considerations in detecting soft tissue calcifications on panoramic radiography. J Int Oral Health 2016;8:742-6.
  • Acikgoz A, Akkemik O. Prevalence and Radiographic Features of Head and Neck Soft Tissue Calcifications on Digital Panoramic Radiographs: A Retrospective Study. Cureus 2023;15:46025.
  • Nunes LFS, Santos KCP, Junqueira JLC, Oliveira JX. Prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in cone beam computed tomography images of the mandible. Rev Odonto Cien. 2011;26:297-303.
  • Yalcin ED, Ararat E. Prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in the head and neck region: a cone-beam computed tomography study. Niger J Clin Pract. 2020;23:759-63.

Total Dişsizlik Durumunda Baş ve Boyun Bölgesindeki Yumuşak Doku Kalsifikasyonlarının Panoramik Radyografi Aracılığıyla Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 208 - 215, 30.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.51122/neudentj.2024.104

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı dişsiz hastaların panoramik radyografilerinde görülen yumuşak doku kalsifikasyonlarının tipini ve görülme sıklığını belirlemektir.
Gereç ve yöntemler: 2013-2022 yılları arasında Fırat Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi'ne farklı nedenlerle başvuran ve onam formu bulunan dişsiz hastalara ait toplam 1297 panoramik radyografi retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Magnifikasyon ve pozisyonlandırma hatası olan 131 radyografi çalışmaya dahil edilmedi. Kalsifikasyonlar lokalizasyon, sayı, yapı, şekil ve görünümlerine göre sınıflandırıldı. İstatistiksel analiz için IBM SPSS İstatistik 22 programı kullanıldı. Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi ile parametrelerin normal dağılıma uygunluğu değerlendirildi. Tanımlayıcı istatistiksel yöntemlerin yanı sıra Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, Ki-Kare, Fisher's Exact Ki-Kare testleri ve Süreklilik (Yates) Düzeltmesi kullanıldı. P<0,05 anlamlı olarak kabul edildi.
Bulgular: Toplam 1166 panoramik radyografi (539 kadın, 627 erkek) incelendi ve 274 hastada (%23,5) yumuşak doku kalsifikasyonu tespit edildi. Kalsifikasyonu bulunan hastaların yaşları 36 ile 88 arasında değişmekte olup 146'sı (%53,3) erkek, 128'i (%46,8) kadındı. Ortalama yaş 64,45±9,06 olarak bulundu. Tonsillolit %17,5, karotid arter kalsifikasyonu %10,6, lenf nodu kalsifikasyonu %4,8, tritiseöz kıkırdak kalsifikasyonu %2,1, antrolit %0,9, rinolit %0,7, sialolit %0,4 ve sadece bir hastada (%0,08) flebolit tespit edildi.
Sonuç: Diş hekimleri tarafından yumuşak doku kalsifikasyonlarının teşhisi ve anatomik yapı ve patolojiler ile ayırıcı tanısının yapılması oldukça önemlidir. Bu sayede gereksiz tetkik ve tedavilerin önüne geçilebileceği gibi gerekli durumlarda da hastaların ileri tetkikler için yönlendirilmesi mümkün olacaktır.

References

  • Cunha-Cruz J, Hujoel PP, Nadanovsky P. Secular trends in socio-economic disparities in edentulism: USA, 1972-2001. J Dent Res 2007;86:131-6.
  • Emami E, de Souza RF, Kabawat M, Feine JS. The impact of edentulism on oral and general health. Int J Dent 2013:498305.
  • Astrøm AN, Haugejorden O, Skaret E, Trovik TA, Klock KS. Oral Impacts on Daily Performance in Norwegian adults: the influence of age, number of missing teeth, and socio-demographic factors. Eur J Oral Sci 2006;114:115-21.
  • Gökalp S, Doğan G, Uzamış MT, Berberoğlu A, Ünlüer Ş. Erişkin ve yaşlılarda ağız-diş sağlığı profili Türkiye-2004. Hacettepe Diş hekimliği Fakültesi Derg. (Clinical Dentistry and Research) 2007;31:11-8.
  • Polzer I, Schimmel M, Muller F, Biffar R. 2010, Edentulism as part of the general health problems of elderly adults. International Dental Journal 2010;60:143-55.
  • Ardakani FE, Navab Azam AR. Radiological findings in panoramic radiographs of Iranian edentulous patients. Oral Radiol 2007;23:1-5.
  • Çitir M, Gündüz K. Panoramik radyografide yumuşak doku kalsifikasyon/ ossifikasyonlarının görülme sıklığı. Selcuk Dental Journal 2020;7:226-32.
  • Haştar E, Yılmaz H, Orhan H. Dişsiz yaşlı hastalarda panoramik radyografi bulguları. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2010;1:82-7.
  • Avsever H, Orhan K. Çene Kemiği ve Çevre Dokuları Etkileyen Kalsifikasyonlar. Turkiye Klinikleri J Oral Maxillofac Radiol-Special Topics 2018;4:43-52.
  • Özemre MÖ, Seçgin CK, Gülşahı A. Yumuşak doku kalsifikasyonları ve ossifikasyonları: derleme. Acta Odontol Turc 2016;33:166-75.
  • Noffke CEE, Raubenheimer EJ, Chabikuli NJ. Radiopacities in soft tissue on dental radiographs: Diagnostic considerations. SADJ 2015;70:53-9.
  • Felton DA. Edentulism and comorbid factors. J Prosthodont 2009;18:88-96.
  • DSÖ. World Health Organization Global Health and Ageing. NIH Publication No: 11-7737. National Institutes of Health; 2011.
  • Porwal A, Sasaki K. Current status of the neutral zone: a literature review. J Prosthet Dent 2013;109:129-34.
  • Garay I, Netto HD, Olate S. Soft Tissue Calcified in Mandibular Angle Area Observed by means of Panoramic Radiography. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014;15:51-6.
  • Sutter W, Berger S, Meier M, Kropp A, Kielbassa AM, Turhani D. Cross-sectional study on the prevalence of carotid artery calcifications, tonsilloliths, calcified submandibular lymph nodes, sialoliths of the submandibular gland, and idiopathic osteosclerosis using digital panoramic radiography in a Lower Austrian subpopulation. Quintessence Int 2018;22:231-42.
  • Aoun G, Nasseh I, Diab HA, Bacho R. Palatine Tonsilloliths: A Retrospective Study on 500 Digital Panoramic Radiographs. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 2018;19:1284-7.
  • Bamgbose BO, Ruprecht A, Hellstein J, Timmons S, Qian F. The prevalence of tonsilloliths and other soft tissue calcifications in patients attending oral and maxillofacial radiology clinic of the University of Iowa. ISRN Dent 2014;839635.
  • Oda M, Kito S, Tanaka T, Nishida I, Awano S, Fujita Y et al. Prevalence and imaging characteristics of detectable tonsilloliths on 482 pairs of consecutive CT and panoramic radiographs. BMC Oral Health 2013;13:54.
  • Fauroux MA, Mas C, Tramini P, Torres JH. Prevalence of palatine tonsilloliths: a retrospective study on 150 consecutive CT examinations. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2013;42: 20120429.
  • Maia PRL, Tomaz AFG, Maia EFT, Lima KC, Oliveira PT. Prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in panoramic radiographs of the maxillofacial region of older adults. Gerodontology 2022;39:266-72.
  • Brito AC, Nascimento HA, Argento R, Beline T, Ambrosano GM, Freitas DQ. Prevalence of suggestive images of carotid artery calcifications on panoramic radiographs and its srelationship with predisposing factors. Cien Saude Colet 2016;21:2201-8.
  • Scarfe WC, Farman AG. Soft tissue calcifications in the neck: Maxillofacial CBCT presentation and significance. AADMRT Currrents 2010;2:1-15.
  • Nasseh I, Sokhn S, Noujeim M, Aoun G. Considerations in detecting soft tissue calcifications on panoramic radiography. J Int Oral Health 2016;8:742-6.
  • Acikgoz A, Akkemik O. Prevalence and Radiographic Features of Head and Neck Soft Tissue Calcifications on Digital Panoramic Radiographs: A Retrospective Study. Cureus 2023;15:46025.
  • Nunes LFS, Santos KCP, Junqueira JLC, Oliveira JX. Prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in cone beam computed tomography images of the mandible. Rev Odonto Cien. 2011;26:297-303.
  • Yalcin ED, Ararat E. Prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in the head and neck region: a cone-beam computed tomography study. Niger J Clin Pract. 2020;23:759-63.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Merve Hacer Duran 0000-0002-3289-8631

Sümeyye Coşgun Baybars 0000-0002-4166-3754

Publication Date August 30, 2024
Submission Date December 20, 2023
Acceptance Date June 24, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Duran MH, Coşgun Baybars S. Evaluation of Soft Tissue Calcifications in the Head and Neck Region on Panoramic Radiography of Edentulous Patients. NEU Dent J. 2024;6(2):208-15.