Research Article
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Learning from tradition for future: Green building in Kano state, Nigeria

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 31 - 53, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.32955/neujfa202342656

Abstract

Green building can be considered as a building design through a method that is environmentally friendly through the resource-efficient construction process and less consumption of public resources and waste generation in the entire life-cycle of the building. Scholars have an interest in making policy whether to include culture into the sustainable development pillars making it the fourth pillar of sustainability after social, economic and environmental aspects. Traditional Architecture can be regarded as beliefs, customs, or ways of life (culture) that have existed for a long period and involve the art of designing, planning, and traditional building constructions. These traditional buildings were copied and used in contemporary buildings in Kano state, Nigeria. Therefore, most of the contemporary building design and structure has their roots in a traditional building. Nigeria’s traditional buildings across the country were affected by climate and landform all over the geographical zones, which were recognised to demonstrate a detailed solution to the building’s culture, socio-economic, local technology and climatic condition of the environment. This study will compare the past and the current building style based on the façade and floor-plan pictures, availability of local construction materials, and review of traditional thermal comfort, sources of water, rain harvest, lighting and privacy using relevant kinds of literature of Hausa traditional building around Kano state. It is therefore concluded that Hausa traditional architecture should not be forgotten, rather it should be improved and encouraged based on green sustainable features, traditions and enhance the durability of the building. It is recommended that culture should be include into the pillars of sustainability so as to minimize this problems the Hausa traditional building has. Lastly, further research is recommended in order to explore ways of improving the quality of the local building materials and the methods used during the construction process.

References

  • Adegun, O. B., Adedeji, J. M., & Adedeji, Y. M. D. (2019). Whither the courtyards? Understanding disappearance and transformation of courtyards in residential buildings in Akure, Nigeria. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (1st International Conference on Sustainable Infrastructural Development), 640(1), 2–10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/640/1/012010
  • Anuforom, A. C., & Okpara, J. N. (2004). The influence of variability and climate change on agricultural production in Nigeria. European Meteorological Society Annual Meeting Abstracts, 1(00449).
  • Areola, O., Ahmed, K., Iruegbe, O. I., Adeleke, B. O., & G.C. Leong. (2005). Certificate Physical and Human Geography. University Press Plc., Ibadan.
  • Baumgartner, R. J. (2009). Organizational culture and leadership: Preconditions for the development of sustainable corporation. Sustainable Development, 17(2), 102–113. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.405
  • BHK. (2021). JMA – Semi-Detached Modern House – BHK Habitat. Retrieved January 28, 2022, from https://bhknigeria.com/property/jma-semi-detached-modern-house/
  • Blogspot Gdtkmku. (2020). Kano History Museum (Constructed at the beginning of 19th century). Retrieved January 27, 2022, from http://gdtkmku.blogspot.com/2019/01/kano.html
  • Charles Moffat. (2007, December). Contemporary Architecture - The History of Architecture - The Art History Archive. Retrieved January 28, 2022, from http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/architecture/Contemporary-Architecture.html
  • Cliff Moughtin. (1985). Hausa Architecture (Online Edi, Vol. 6; J.C. Moughtin, Ed.). Retrieved from https://www.worldcat.org/title/hausa-architecture/oclc/1149373768#borrow
  • Dessein, J., Battaglini, E., & Horlings, L. (2016). Cultural Sustainability and Regional Development (1st ed.; J. Dessein, E. Battaglini, & L. Horlings, Eds.). https://doi.org/doi.org/10.4324/9781315737430
  • DK3Homes. (2022). House Designer & Home Planner : DK 3D Home Design. Retrieved January 28, 2022, from https://dk3dhomedesign.com/?fbclid=IwAR24jnXUwWZ6PD8TmcKrEUc__9L_YKoNbyrv1VphszwqUwm2QPgdCok6dck
  • Don P., & Gabriel Connor Salter. (2010). Characteristics of Traditional Architecture | DoItYourself.com. Retrieved December 19, 2021, from Doityourself website: https://www.doityourself.com/stry/characteristics-of-traditional-architecture
  • Egboka, B. C. E., Mbanugoh, R. E., Nwogute, N. S., Uma, K. O., & Okpoko, E. I. (1988). Positive implications of hand-dug wells in water resources planning and management in a developing economy such as in Nigeria. Water International, 13(2), 98–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508068808692008
  • Encyclopedia-Britannica. (2021, September 24). Hausa states (Hausaland) | Historical Region, Africa | Britannica. Retrieved January 25, 2022, from Historical Region, Africa website: https://www.britannica.com/place/Hausa-states
  • Eneh, A. E. O., & Friday, A. O. (2010). The Influence of Rainfall on Hausa Traditional Architecture. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 2(8), 695–702.
  • Fatty, H. (2006). Natural Energy and Vernacular Architecture. In Jencks, C. and K. Kropf (Eds.), Theories and Manifestoes of Contemporary Architecture. 2nd Edn. (pp. 144–145). Sussex: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
  • FHF. (2019). Projects – Family Homes Funds. Retrieved January 28, 2022, from https://fhfl.com.ng/projects/
  • HARDOY, J. E., MITLIN, D., & SATTERWAITE, D. (1995). Book reviews: Environmental Problems in Third World Cities. Journal of International Development, 7(5), 395–403. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-8774.2005.00541.x
  • Haruna, I. A. (2016). Hausa Traditional Architecture. Retrieved from https://www.ibrahimharuna.com/lectures/HAUSA_TRADITIONAL_ARCHITECTURE.pdf
  • Kano Vacation Rentals & Homes - Kano, Nigeria | Airbnb. (2021). Retrieved January 28, 2022, from https://www.airbnb.com/kano-nigeria/stays
  • Kristin Hohenadel. (2020). What Is Contemporary Architecture? Retrieved January 28, 2022, from https://www.thespruce.com/what-is-contemporary-architecture-4769079
  • Li, F., Yan, T., Liu, J., Lai, Y., Uthes, S., Lu, Y., & Long, Y. (2015). Research on social and humanistic needs in planning and construction of green buildings. Sustainable Cities and Society, 12(2014), 102–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2014.03.003
  • Lodson, J., Ogbeba, J. E., & Elinwa, U. K. (2018). A Lesson from Vernacular Architecture in Nigeria. Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs, 2(1), 84–95. https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2018.3664
  • Maina, J. J., Abba, M. A., & Abba, A. A. (2016). Housing transformation trends in Kundila and Takur site II estates, northern Nigeria. Journal of The Nigerian Institute of Building, 6(2), 1–14.
  • Mehta, P. (2020). Sustainable Architecture for The Hills: An Anthropological Approach to The Fading Vernacular Architecture of Western Himalayas With Special Emphasis on Rakkar Village of District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India. (National Conference: CIMA2020) Theme: Cultural Identities In Vernacular Settings (Manifestation through Architecture).
  • Messynessy. (2020, June). A Brief Compendium of Amazing African Architecture. Retrieved January 27, 2022, from https://www.messynessychic.com/2020/06/19/a-brief-compendium-of-amazing-african-architecture/
  • MitulaHomes. (2021). Duplexes spacious kano - duplexes in Kano - Mitula Homes. Retrieved January 28, 2022, from https://homes.mitula.com.ng/duplexes-spacious-kano
  • NPMB. (2021). Nigeria Police Mortgage Bank Plc. – …Own Your Shelter. Retrieved January 28, 2022, from Family Homes at Darmanawa estate, Kano state. website: http://www.nigeriapolicemortgagebank.com/#
  • OKPECHI, A. (2018, September 14). Kano, A City Of Antiques and Culture. The Guardian Nigeria News. Retrieved from https://guardian.ng/life/kano-a-city-of-antiques-and-culture/
  • Paul, A. O., & Zango, M. S. (2014). DEVELOPMENT OF TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE IN NIGERIA : A CASE STUDY OF HAUSA HOUSE FORM. International Journal of African Society Cultures and Traditions, 1(1), 61–74.
  • Porphyrios, D. (2006). Classicism is Not a Style. In Jencks, C. and K. Kropf, (Eds.), Theories and Manifestoes of Contemporary Architecture. 2nd Edn. (pp. 179–180). Sussex: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
  • Ragatoa, D. S., Ogunjobi, K. O., Okhimamhe, A. A., Browne Klutse, N. A., & Lamptey, B. L. (2018). A predictive study of heat wave characteristics and their spatio-temporal trends in climatic zones of Nigeria. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 4(3), 1125–1151. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40808-018-0480-7
  • Rohracher, H., & Ornetzeder, M. (2002). Green Buildings in Context: Improving Social Learning Processes between Users and Producers. Built Environment: Sustainable Buildings: Meanings, Processes, Users, 28(1), 73–84. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/23288552
  • Scott Ewart. (2003). Hausa House One | Beautiful traditional Hausa relief work on… | Flickr. Retrieved December 21, 2021, from flickr website: https://www.flickr.com/photos/63446035@N00/308192332/
  • Soini, K., Battaglini, E., Birkeland, I., Duxbury, N., Fairclough, G., Horlings, L., & Dessein, J. (2015). Culture in, for and as sustainable development: Conclusions from the COST Action IS1007 Investigating Cultural Sustainability (G. F. and L. H. Joost Dessein, Katriina Soini, Ed.). Retrieved from https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstream/handle/123456789/50452/1/978-951-39-6177-0.pdf
  • Throsby, D. (2003). Economics and Culture 2001. In Economica (Vol. 70, pp. 572–573). https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0335.00005
  • Tubali. (2009). Hausa Architecture in Northern Nigeria - PREVIEW - YouTube. Retrieved January 27, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_dMOYjmSS0
  • Tunde Ososanya. (2020, June). Hausa tribe is Africa’s largest ethnic group with 78m people. Retrieved January 25, 2022, from https://www.legit.ng/1333685-hausa-tribe-africas-largest-ethnic-group-78-million-people.html
  • Umar, G. K., Yusuf, D. A., Ahmed, A., & Usman, A. M. (2019). The practice of Hausa traditional architecture: Towards conservation and restoration of spatial morphology and techniques. Scientific African, 5, 8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00142
  • Webby. (2002). Vegetation - OnlineNigeria.com. Retrieved November 19, 2021, from Online Nigeria website: https://onlinenigeria.com/links/adv.php?blurb=70
  • WordPress. (2021). What was Africa like before European imperialism? | Tony Seed’s Weblog. Retrieved January 26, 2022, from Hausa architecture (present day Northern Nigeria and Niger) website: https://tonyseed.wordpress.com/2021/06/08/what-was-africa-like-before-european-imperialism/
  • Wu, S. R., Fan, P., & Chen, J. (2015). Incorporating Culture Into Sustainable Development. Sustainable Development, 24(1), 64–76. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1608
  • Zhang, R. H. (2011). Research on willingness to pay of the green building. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology (in Chinese).
  • Zhao, D., He, B., Johnson, C., & Mou, B. (2015). Social problems of green buildings : From the humanistic needs to social acceptance. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 51, 1594–1609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.072

Learning from tradition for future: Green building in Kano state, Nigeria

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 31 - 53, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.32955/neujfa202342656

Abstract

Green building can be considered as a building design through a method that is environmentally friendly through the resource-efficient construction process and less consumption of public resources and waste generation in the entire life-cycle of the building. Scholars have an interest in making policy whether to include culture into the sustainable development pillars making it the fourth pillar of sustainability after social, economic and environmental aspects. Traditional Architecture can be regarded as beliefs, customs, or ways of life (culture) that have existed for a long period and involve the art of designing, planning, and traditional building constructions. These traditional buildings were copied and used in contemporary buildings in Kano state, Nigeria. Therefore, most of the contemporary building design and structure has their roots in a traditional building. Nigeria’s traditional buildings across the country were affected by climate and landform all over the geographical zones, which were recognised to demonstrate a detailed solution to the building’s culture, socio-economic, local technology and climatic condition of the environment. This study will compare the past and the current building style based on the façade and floor-plan pictures, availability of local construction materials, and review of traditional thermal comfort, sources of water, rain harvest, lighting and privacy using relevant kinds of literature of Hausa traditional building around Kano state. It is therefore concluded that Hausa traditional architecture should not be forgotten, rather it should be improved and encouraged based on green sustainable features, traditions and enhance the durability of the building. It is recommended that culture should be include into the pillars of sustainability so as to minimize this problems the Hausa traditional building has. Lastly, further research is recommended in order to explore ways of improving the quality of the local building materials and the methods used during the construction process.

References

  • Adegun, O. B., Adedeji, J. M., & Adedeji, Y. M. D. (2019). Whither the courtyards? Understanding disappearance and transformation of courtyards in residential buildings in Akure, Nigeria. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (1st International Conference on Sustainable Infrastructural Development), 640(1), 2–10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/640/1/012010
  • Anuforom, A. C., & Okpara, J. N. (2004). The influence of variability and climate change on agricultural production in Nigeria. European Meteorological Society Annual Meeting Abstracts, 1(00449).
  • Areola, O., Ahmed, K., Iruegbe, O. I., Adeleke, B. O., & G.C. Leong. (2005). Certificate Physical and Human Geography. University Press Plc., Ibadan.
  • Baumgartner, R. J. (2009). Organizational culture and leadership: Preconditions for the development of sustainable corporation. Sustainable Development, 17(2), 102–113. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.405
  • BHK. (2021). JMA – Semi-Detached Modern House – BHK Habitat. Retrieved January 28, 2022, from https://bhknigeria.com/property/jma-semi-detached-modern-house/
  • Blogspot Gdtkmku. (2020). Kano History Museum (Constructed at the beginning of 19th century). Retrieved January 27, 2022, from http://gdtkmku.blogspot.com/2019/01/kano.html
  • Charles Moffat. (2007, December). Contemporary Architecture - The History of Architecture - The Art History Archive. Retrieved January 28, 2022, from http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/architecture/Contemporary-Architecture.html
  • Cliff Moughtin. (1985). Hausa Architecture (Online Edi, Vol. 6; J.C. Moughtin, Ed.). Retrieved from https://www.worldcat.org/title/hausa-architecture/oclc/1149373768#borrow
  • Dessein, J., Battaglini, E., & Horlings, L. (2016). Cultural Sustainability and Regional Development (1st ed.; J. Dessein, E. Battaglini, & L. Horlings, Eds.). https://doi.org/doi.org/10.4324/9781315737430
  • DK3Homes. (2022). House Designer & Home Planner : DK 3D Home Design. Retrieved January 28, 2022, from https://dk3dhomedesign.com/?fbclid=IwAR24jnXUwWZ6PD8TmcKrEUc__9L_YKoNbyrv1VphszwqUwm2QPgdCok6dck
  • Don P., & Gabriel Connor Salter. (2010). Characteristics of Traditional Architecture | DoItYourself.com. Retrieved December 19, 2021, from Doityourself website: https://www.doityourself.com/stry/characteristics-of-traditional-architecture
  • Egboka, B. C. E., Mbanugoh, R. E., Nwogute, N. S., Uma, K. O., & Okpoko, E. I. (1988). Positive implications of hand-dug wells in water resources planning and management in a developing economy such as in Nigeria. Water International, 13(2), 98–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508068808692008
  • Encyclopedia-Britannica. (2021, September 24). Hausa states (Hausaland) | Historical Region, Africa | Britannica. Retrieved January 25, 2022, from Historical Region, Africa website: https://www.britannica.com/place/Hausa-states
  • Eneh, A. E. O., & Friday, A. O. (2010). The Influence of Rainfall on Hausa Traditional Architecture. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 2(8), 695–702.
  • Fatty, H. (2006). Natural Energy and Vernacular Architecture. In Jencks, C. and K. Kropf (Eds.), Theories and Manifestoes of Contemporary Architecture. 2nd Edn. (pp. 144–145). Sussex: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
  • FHF. (2019). Projects – Family Homes Funds. Retrieved January 28, 2022, from https://fhfl.com.ng/projects/
  • HARDOY, J. E., MITLIN, D., & SATTERWAITE, D. (1995). Book reviews: Environmental Problems in Third World Cities. Journal of International Development, 7(5), 395–403. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-8774.2005.00541.x
  • Haruna, I. A. (2016). Hausa Traditional Architecture. Retrieved from https://www.ibrahimharuna.com/lectures/HAUSA_TRADITIONAL_ARCHITECTURE.pdf
  • Kano Vacation Rentals & Homes - Kano, Nigeria | Airbnb. (2021). Retrieved January 28, 2022, from https://www.airbnb.com/kano-nigeria/stays
  • Kristin Hohenadel. (2020). What Is Contemporary Architecture? Retrieved January 28, 2022, from https://www.thespruce.com/what-is-contemporary-architecture-4769079
  • Li, F., Yan, T., Liu, J., Lai, Y., Uthes, S., Lu, Y., & Long, Y. (2015). Research on social and humanistic needs in planning and construction of green buildings. Sustainable Cities and Society, 12(2014), 102–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2014.03.003
  • Lodson, J., Ogbeba, J. E., & Elinwa, U. K. (2018). A Lesson from Vernacular Architecture in Nigeria. Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs, 2(1), 84–95. https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2018.3664
  • Maina, J. J., Abba, M. A., & Abba, A. A. (2016). Housing transformation trends in Kundila and Takur site II estates, northern Nigeria. Journal of The Nigerian Institute of Building, 6(2), 1–14.
  • Mehta, P. (2020). Sustainable Architecture for The Hills: An Anthropological Approach to The Fading Vernacular Architecture of Western Himalayas With Special Emphasis on Rakkar Village of District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India. (National Conference: CIMA2020) Theme: Cultural Identities In Vernacular Settings (Manifestation through Architecture).
  • Messynessy. (2020, June). A Brief Compendium of Amazing African Architecture. Retrieved January 27, 2022, from https://www.messynessychic.com/2020/06/19/a-brief-compendium-of-amazing-african-architecture/
  • MitulaHomes. (2021). Duplexes spacious kano - duplexes in Kano - Mitula Homes. Retrieved January 28, 2022, from https://homes.mitula.com.ng/duplexes-spacious-kano
  • NPMB. (2021). Nigeria Police Mortgage Bank Plc. – …Own Your Shelter. Retrieved January 28, 2022, from Family Homes at Darmanawa estate, Kano state. website: http://www.nigeriapolicemortgagebank.com/#
  • OKPECHI, A. (2018, September 14). Kano, A City Of Antiques and Culture. The Guardian Nigeria News. Retrieved from https://guardian.ng/life/kano-a-city-of-antiques-and-culture/
  • Paul, A. O., & Zango, M. S. (2014). DEVELOPMENT OF TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE IN NIGERIA : A CASE STUDY OF HAUSA HOUSE FORM. International Journal of African Society Cultures and Traditions, 1(1), 61–74.
  • Porphyrios, D. (2006). Classicism is Not a Style. In Jencks, C. and K. Kropf, (Eds.), Theories and Manifestoes of Contemporary Architecture. 2nd Edn. (pp. 179–180). Sussex: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
  • Ragatoa, D. S., Ogunjobi, K. O., Okhimamhe, A. A., Browne Klutse, N. A., & Lamptey, B. L. (2018). A predictive study of heat wave characteristics and their spatio-temporal trends in climatic zones of Nigeria. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 4(3), 1125–1151. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40808-018-0480-7
  • Rohracher, H., & Ornetzeder, M. (2002). Green Buildings in Context: Improving Social Learning Processes between Users and Producers. Built Environment: Sustainable Buildings: Meanings, Processes, Users, 28(1), 73–84. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/23288552
  • Scott Ewart. (2003). Hausa House One | Beautiful traditional Hausa relief work on… | Flickr. Retrieved December 21, 2021, from flickr website: https://www.flickr.com/photos/63446035@N00/308192332/
  • Soini, K., Battaglini, E., Birkeland, I., Duxbury, N., Fairclough, G., Horlings, L., & Dessein, J. (2015). Culture in, for and as sustainable development: Conclusions from the COST Action IS1007 Investigating Cultural Sustainability (G. F. and L. H. Joost Dessein, Katriina Soini, Ed.). Retrieved from https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstream/handle/123456789/50452/1/978-951-39-6177-0.pdf
  • Throsby, D. (2003). Economics and Culture 2001. In Economica (Vol. 70, pp. 572–573). https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0335.00005
  • Tubali. (2009). Hausa Architecture in Northern Nigeria - PREVIEW - YouTube. Retrieved January 27, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_dMOYjmSS0
  • Tunde Ososanya. (2020, June). Hausa tribe is Africa’s largest ethnic group with 78m people. Retrieved January 25, 2022, from https://www.legit.ng/1333685-hausa-tribe-africas-largest-ethnic-group-78-million-people.html
  • Umar, G. K., Yusuf, D. A., Ahmed, A., & Usman, A. M. (2019). The practice of Hausa traditional architecture: Towards conservation and restoration of spatial morphology and techniques. Scientific African, 5, 8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00142
  • Webby. (2002). Vegetation - OnlineNigeria.com. Retrieved November 19, 2021, from Online Nigeria website: https://onlinenigeria.com/links/adv.php?blurb=70
  • WordPress. (2021). What was Africa like before European imperialism? | Tony Seed’s Weblog. Retrieved January 26, 2022, from Hausa architecture (present day Northern Nigeria and Niger) website: https://tonyseed.wordpress.com/2021/06/08/what-was-africa-like-before-european-imperialism/
  • Wu, S. R., Fan, P., & Chen, J. (2015). Incorporating Culture Into Sustainable Development. Sustainable Development, 24(1), 64–76. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1608
  • Zhang, R. H. (2011). Research on willingness to pay of the green building. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology (in Chinese).
  • Zhao, D., He, B., Johnson, C., & Mou, B. (2015). Social problems of green buildings : From the humanistic needs to social acceptance. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 51, 1594–1609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.072
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Architecture
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mukhtar Sabıu Yahuza 0000-0001-7130-6873

Huriye Gürdallı 0000-0002-4078-9769

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Submission Date August 18, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Sabıu Yahuza, M., & Gürdallı, H. (2022). Learning from tradition for future: Green building in Kano state, Nigeria. YDÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(2), 31-53. https://doi.org/10.32955/neujfa202342656
AMA Sabıu Yahuza M, Gürdallı H. Learning from tradition for future: Green building in Kano state, Nigeria. YDÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi. December 2022;4(2):31-53. doi:10.32955/neujfa202342656
Chicago Sabıu Yahuza, Mukhtar, and Huriye Gürdallı. “Learning from Tradition for Future: Green Building in Kano State, Nigeria”. YDÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 4, no. 2 (December 2022): 31-53. https://doi.org/10.32955/neujfa202342656.
EndNote Sabıu Yahuza M, Gürdallı H (December 1, 2022) Learning from tradition for future: Green building in Kano state, Nigeria. YDÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 4 2 31–53.
IEEE M. Sabıu Yahuza and H. Gürdallı, “Learning from tradition for future: Green building in Kano state, Nigeria”, YDÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 31–53, 2022, doi: 10.32955/neujfa202342656.
ISNAD Sabıu Yahuza, Mukhtar - Gürdallı, Huriye. “Learning from Tradition for Future: Green Building in Kano State, Nigeria”. YDÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 4/2 (December 2022), 31-53. https://doi.org/10.32955/neujfa202342656.
JAMA Sabıu Yahuza M, Gürdallı H. Learning from tradition for future: Green building in Kano state, Nigeria. YDÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi. 2022;4:31–53.
MLA Sabıu Yahuza, Mukhtar and Huriye Gürdallı. “Learning from Tradition for Future: Green Building in Kano State, Nigeria”. YDÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 4, no. 2, 2022, pp. 31-53, doi:10.32955/neujfa202342656.
Vancouver Sabıu Yahuza M, Gürdallı H. Learning from tradition for future: Green building in Kano state, Nigeria. YDÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi. 2022;4(2):31-53.

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