Research Article
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Year 2019, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 68 - 79, 20.12.2019

Abstract

References

  • Akinwumi, O. (1998), Oral Tradition in Changing Political Contexts: The Kisra Legend in Northern Borgu. History in Africa, 25, 1-7.
  • Amuwo, K. (2003), The State and the Politics of Democratic Consolidation in Benin, 1990–1999. Julius Omozuanvbo Ihonvbere ve John Mukum Mbaku (Eds.), Political Liberalization and Democratization in Africa: Lessons from Country Experiences. Westport: Greenwood.
  • Bako-Arifari, N. (1995), Démocratie et logiques du terroir au Benin. Politique africain, 59.
  • Bambi, J. (2019, 7 Mart). Benin: opposition parties barred from legislative elections. Africa News.
  • Bayram, M. (2018). Benin, Gabon ve Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti’ndeki Siyasal İhtidalarda Libya Devrik Lideri Muammer Kaddafi’nin Etkisi. İsmail Ermağan (Ed.), Dünya Siyasetinde Afrika 5, Ankara: Nobel Akademik.
  • Bruyère-Ostells, W. (2014). Dans l'ombre de Bob Denard: les mercenaires français de 1960 à 1989. Paris: Nouveau monde éditions.
  • Bunker, S. & Ciccantell, P. (1998). Space and Transport in the World-System. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.
  • Business Ghana (2018, 27 Eylül). Benin’s $450,000 election fee criticised.
  • Claffey, P. (2007). Kérékou the Chameleon: Master of Myth. Julia C. Strauss ve Donal Cruise O'Brien, (Eds.), Staging Politics: Power and Performance in Asia and Africa. London: I.B. Tauris.
  • Cyr, R. N. (2001). Twentieth Century Africa. Lincoln: Writers Club Press.
  • David, P. (2002). Le Bénin. Paris: Karthala.
  • Decalo, S. (1973). Regionalism, Politics, and the Military in Dahomey. The Journal of Developing Areas, 7(3).
  • East, R. & Thomas, R. J. (2006). Profiles of People in Power: The World’s Government Leaders. London: Routledge.
  • ENCA (2016, 21 Mart). Benin's new president a self-made King of Cotton.
  • Fredriksen, J. C. (2003). Modern World Leaders: 1992 to the Present. New York: Facts on File.
  • Houngnikpo, M. C. & Decalo, S. (2013). Historical Dictionary of Benin. Lanham: Scarecrow.
  • Idrissou-Toure, A. (2005, 18 Temmuz). Africa's big men cling to power. Spero News.
  • Jessup, J. E. (1998). An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945-1996. London: Greenwood.
  • Kneib, M. (2006). Benin. Tarrytown: Marshall Cavendish.
  • Kuba, R. (1996). Wasangari und Wangara: Borgu und seine Nachbarn in historischer Perspektive. Hamburg: Lit Verlag.
  • Laitin, D. D. (1986). Hegemony and Culture: Politics and Change among the Yoruba. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Le Monde (2007, 15 Ekim). Bob Denard a toujours agi pour le compte de l’Etat français.
  • Le Vine, V. T. (2004). Politics in Francophone Africa. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
  • Lewis, D. (2015, 22 Nisan). Third term doubts overshadow Benin legislative vote. Reuters.
  • Malet, P. (2009, 10 Aralık). La fin du laxisme-béninisme. Slate FR.
  • Manning, P. (2004). Slavery, Colonialism and Economic Growth in Dahomey, 1640-1960. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Matthews, R. (1966). African Powder Keg: Revolt and Dissent in Six Emergent Nations. London: Bodley Head.
  • Mazrui, A. A. (1977). The Warrior Tradition in Modern Africa. Leiden: Brill.
  • McNamara, F. T. (1989). France in Black Africa. Washington: National Defense University Press.
  • Opubor, A. E. & Hado, P. (2007). Boni Yayi, Société Civile et Dynamique du Changement au Bénin. Paris: L’Harmattan.
  • Pelkmans, M. (2009). Conversion After Socialism: Disruptions, Modernisms and Technologies of Faith in the Former Soviet Union. New York & Oxford: Berghahn Books.
  • Richmond, Y. & Gestrin, P. (1998). Into Africa: Intercultural Insights. Yarmouth: Intercultural Press.
  • Ronen, D. (1975). Dahomey: Between Tradition and Modernity. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • Stewart, M. H. (1980). The Kisra Legend as Oral History. The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 13 (1), 51–70.
  • The New York Times (1968, 17 Mayıs). Results of election in Dahomey voided by military regime.
  • Valavanis, A. (2019, 23 Haziran). Benin’s Democracy: What has happened to it?. Global Risk Insights.
  • Weinberg, S. (1994). Last of the Pirates: The Search for Bob Denard. New York: Pantheon.

Militokrasiden Plütokrasiye Benin Siyasetinin Metamorfozu

Year 2019, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 68 - 79, 20.12.2019

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Batı Afrika ülkelerinden
Benin’de siyasal yapının askerlerin iktidarından (militokrasi)
zenginlerin iktidarına (plütokrasi) doğru evrilme süreci ele
alınmaktadır. Bağımsızlığının ertesinde 9 yıl içerisinde 5 askerî darbenin
gerçekleştiği ülkede darbeler dönemini takip eden 20 yıl içerisinde yine aynı
sayıda darbe teşebbüsü vuku bulmuştur. Etnopolitik rekabetin etkisiyle oluşan
militokratik kaos, yerini Mathieu Kerekou liderliğinde Marksist-Leninist bir
hükümete bırakmıştır. Neredeyse 30 yıl Benin Cumhurbaşkanı olarak görev yapan
Kerekou, dinler ve ideolojiler arası geçişler konusunda, kendisinin de
benimsediği “bukalemun” lakabıyla anılacak ölçüde mâhir bir siyaset izlemiştir.
İdeolojik bir katılıkla hareket etmeyen Kerekou hükümeti, Soğuk Savaş
sonrasında kolaylıkla neo-liberalizme de geçiş yapabilmiştir. Liberalleşme
sonrasında göreve gelen Thomas Boni Yayi ve Patrice Talon hükümetleri ise,
başlangıçta demokratik bir profil sergilemelerine rağmen, otoriterleşme eğilimi
göstermişlerdir. “Pamuk kralı” Talon tarafından yönetilen mevcut Benin hükümeti,
milletvekili ve cumhurbaşkanı adayı olmak isteyenlerin 400 bin dolardan fazla
başvuru ücreti ödemesini öngören yeni seçim yasası çıkararak, müstakbel bir plütokratik
siyasî yapıya zemin hazırlamıştır. Küçük bir Batı Afrika ülkesinde bu kadar çeşitli
siyasal yapı ve anlayışların nasıl oluştuğu, makalenin cevap aradığı temel
sorudur. 

References

  • Akinwumi, O. (1998), Oral Tradition in Changing Political Contexts: The Kisra Legend in Northern Borgu. History in Africa, 25, 1-7.
  • Amuwo, K. (2003), The State and the Politics of Democratic Consolidation in Benin, 1990–1999. Julius Omozuanvbo Ihonvbere ve John Mukum Mbaku (Eds.), Political Liberalization and Democratization in Africa: Lessons from Country Experiences. Westport: Greenwood.
  • Bako-Arifari, N. (1995), Démocratie et logiques du terroir au Benin. Politique africain, 59.
  • Bambi, J. (2019, 7 Mart). Benin: opposition parties barred from legislative elections. Africa News.
  • Bayram, M. (2018). Benin, Gabon ve Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti’ndeki Siyasal İhtidalarda Libya Devrik Lideri Muammer Kaddafi’nin Etkisi. İsmail Ermağan (Ed.), Dünya Siyasetinde Afrika 5, Ankara: Nobel Akademik.
  • Bruyère-Ostells, W. (2014). Dans l'ombre de Bob Denard: les mercenaires français de 1960 à 1989. Paris: Nouveau monde éditions.
  • Bunker, S. & Ciccantell, P. (1998). Space and Transport in the World-System. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.
  • Business Ghana (2018, 27 Eylül). Benin’s $450,000 election fee criticised.
  • Claffey, P. (2007). Kérékou the Chameleon: Master of Myth. Julia C. Strauss ve Donal Cruise O'Brien, (Eds.), Staging Politics: Power and Performance in Asia and Africa. London: I.B. Tauris.
  • Cyr, R. N. (2001). Twentieth Century Africa. Lincoln: Writers Club Press.
  • David, P. (2002). Le Bénin. Paris: Karthala.
  • Decalo, S. (1973). Regionalism, Politics, and the Military in Dahomey. The Journal of Developing Areas, 7(3).
  • East, R. & Thomas, R. J. (2006). Profiles of People in Power: The World’s Government Leaders. London: Routledge.
  • ENCA (2016, 21 Mart). Benin's new president a self-made King of Cotton.
  • Fredriksen, J. C. (2003). Modern World Leaders: 1992 to the Present. New York: Facts on File.
  • Houngnikpo, M. C. & Decalo, S. (2013). Historical Dictionary of Benin. Lanham: Scarecrow.
  • Idrissou-Toure, A. (2005, 18 Temmuz). Africa's big men cling to power. Spero News.
  • Jessup, J. E. (1998). An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945-1996. London: Greenwood.
  • Kneib, M. (2006). Benin. Tarrytown: Marshall Cavendish.
  • Kuba, R. (1996). Wasangari und Wangara: Borgu und seine Nachbarn in historischer Perspektive. Hamburg: Lit Verlag.
  • Laitin, D. D. (1986). Hegemony and Culture: Politics and Change among the Yoruba. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Le Monde (2007, 15 Ekim). Bob Denard a toujours agi pour le compte de l’Etat français.
  • Le Vine, V. T. (2004). Politics in Francophone Africa. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
  • Lewis, D. (2015, 22 Nisan). Third term doubts overshadow Benin legislative vote. Reuters.
  • Malet, P. (2009, 10 Aralık). La fin du laxisme-béninisme. Slate FR.
  • Manning, P. (2004). Slavery, Colonialism and Economic Growth in Dahomey, 1640-1960. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Matthews, R. (1966). African Powder Keg: Revolt and Dissent in Six Emergent Nations. London: Bodley Head.
  • Mazrui, A. A. (1977). The Warrior Tradition in Modern Africa. Leiden: Brill.
  • McNamara, F. T. (1989). France in Black Africa. Washington: National Defense University Press.
  • Opubor, A. E. & Hado, P. (2007). Boni Yayi, Société Civile et Dynamique du Changement au Bénin. Paris: L’Harmattan.
  • Pelkmans, M. (2009). Conversion After Socialism: Disruptions, Modernisms and Technologies of Faith in the Former Soviet Union. New York & Oxford: Berghahn Books.
  • Richmond, Y. & Gestrin, P. (1998). Into Africa: Intercultural Insights. Yarmouth: Intercultural Press.
  • Ronen, D. (1975). Dahomey: Between Tradition and Modernity. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • Stewart, M. H. (1980). The Kisra Legend as Oral History. The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 13 (1), 51–70.
  • The New York Times (1968, 17 Mayıs). Results of election in Dahomey voided by military regime.
  • Valavanis, A. (2019, 23 Haziran). Benin’s Democracy: What has happened to it?. Global Risk Insights.
  • Weinberg, S. (1994). Last of the Pirates: The Search for Bob Denard. New York: Pantheon.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mürsel Bayram 0000-0002-1183-0515

Publication Date December 20, 2019
Submission Date October 15, 2019
Acceptance Date December 4, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Bayram, M. (2019). Militokrasiden Plütokrasiye Benin Siyasetinin Metamorfozu. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(1), 68-79.

Journal of Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Political Sciences is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC).