Numerical investigation and comparison of plate heat exchanger flow arrangement in air-to-air heat recovery

Year 2023, , 538 - 550, 15.04.2023

Murat Ünverdi , Hasan Küçük

https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1140364

Abstract

Heat recovery (HR) ventilation systems are used to constantly supply an equal flow rate of fresh air to the indoors (balanced ventilation) while exhausting the stale air. HR ventilation systems help improve air quality without compromising the thermal comfort of the indoors. This study aimed to numerically design an air-to-air quasi-counter flow (QCOF) plate heat exchanger (PHE) for the fresh air requirement of a small residence. The study evaluated the thermal and hydrodynamic performance of the QCOFPHE for the recovered thermal power on the fresh side, sensible thermal effectiveness, average heat flux, specific thermal power (STP), specific fan power (SFP), and hydrodynamicthermal amplification ratio (HTAR). The study compared the thermal and hydrodynamic performance of the QCOFPHE with that of the quasi-cross flow (QCRF) and cross-flow (CF) PHEs. The addition of a counter flow area to the PHE design did not affect the recovered thermal power and pressure drop much but negatively affected the average heat flux and STP, up to 125 m3/h flow rate, which is the fresh air requirement of the residence. However, the counter flow area increased the thermal effectiveness of the PHE, improving the SFP and the HTAR.

Keywords

Heat recovery ventilation, Plate heat exchanger, Flow arrangement, Thermal and hydrodynamic performance

Havadan-havaya ısı geri kazanımında levhalı ısı değiştirici akış düzenlemesinin sayısal incelenmesi ve karşılaştırılması

Abstract

Isı geri kazanımlı (IGK) havalandırma sistemleri, kirli havayı dış ortama atarken, eşit debide taze havanın (dengelenmiş havalandırma) iç ortama sürekli beslenmesi amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. IGK havalandırma sistemleri, iç ortamın ısıl konfor koşullarından ödün vermeden, hava kalitesini iyileştirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, küçük bir konutun taze hava ihtiyacını karşılayacak havadan havaya zıt-yarı çapraz akışlı (ZYÇA) bir levhalı ısı değiştiriciyi (LID) sayısal tasarlamaktır. ZYÇA LID’nin ısıl ve hidrodinamik performansı; temiz tarafta geri kazanılan ısıl güç, duyulur ısıl etkenlik, ortalama ısı akısı, özgül ısıl güç (ÖIG), özgül fan gücü (ÖFG) ve hidrodinamikısıl büyütme oranı (HIBO) için değerlendirilmiştir. ZYÇA LID’nin ısıl ve hidrodinamik performansı, yarı-çapraz akışlı (YÇA) ve çapraz akışlı (ÇA) LID’lerin ısıl ve hidrodinamik performanslarıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Küçük bir konutun taze hava ihtiyacı olan 125 m3/h debiye kadar, LID tasarımına zıt akış bölgesinin eklenmesi; geri kazanılan ısıl gücü ve basınç düşümünü çok fazla etkilemezken, ortalama ısı akısı ve ÖIG’ü olumsuz etkilemiştir. Ancak, zıt akış bölgesi LID’nin ısıl etkenliğini artırarak, ÖFG ve HIBO’nı iyileştirmiştir.

Keywords

Isı geri kazanımlı havalandırma, Levhalı ısı değiştirici, Akış düzenlemesi, Isıl ve hidrodinamik performans, Heat recovery ventilation, Plate heat exchanger, Flow arrangement, Thermal and hydrodynamic performance

References

• H. Goodfellow and Y. Wang, Industrial ventilation design guidebook Volume 1: Fundamentals. Elsevier, United Kingdom, 2020.
• Z. Lu, Z. Xie, Q. Lu and Z. Zhao, An encyclopedia of architecture & civil engineering of China. China Architecture & Building Press, Beijing, 2000.
• H. Goodfellow and Y. Wang, Industrial ventilation design guidebook Volume 2: Engineering Design and Applications. Elsevier, United Kingdom, 2021.
• E. Zender–S´wiercz, A review of heat recovery in ventilation. Energies, 14, 1759, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14061759.
• A. Mardiana-Idayu and S.B. Riffat, Review on heat recovery technologies for building applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16 (2), 1241–1255, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011. 09.026.
• Heat Recovery Ventilation. https://www.zephyrventilation.net.au/heat-recovery-ventilation/, Accessed 1 May 2022.
• D. O’Connor, , J.K.S. Calautit and B.R. Hughes, A review of heat recovery technology for passive ventilation applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, 1481-1493, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.039.
• B.D. Ghida, Heat recovery ventilation for energy-efficient buildings: Design, Operation and Maintenance. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 9(1), 3713–3715, 2019. doi:10.35940/ijitee.A4795.119119.
• A. Meiss, M.Á. Padilla-Marcos, I. Poza-Casado and A.A. Álvaro-Tordesillas, Graphical Tool to Estimate the Air Change Efficiency in Rooms with Heat Recovery Systems. Sustainability, 12(3), 1031, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031031.
• V. Misevičiūtė, V. Motuzienė and K. Valančius, The application of the Pinch method for the analysis of the heat exchangers network in a ventilation system of a building. Applied Thermal Engineering, 129, 772–781, 2018.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.10.051.
• O. Hänninen, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Health Vent Health-Based Ventilation Guidelines for Europe Project; Deliverable 8: Report on the impact of guideline implementation on health and energy. National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland, December 2012.
• D. Mumovic, J. Palmer, M. Davies, M. Orme, I. Ridley, T. Oreszczyn, C. Judd, R. Critchlow, H.A. Medina, G. Pilmoor and et al., Winter indoor air quality, thermal comfort and acoustic performance of newly built secondary schools in England. Building and Environment, 44 (7) , 466–1477, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.06.014.
• A. Mikola, T. Kalamees and T.-A. Kõiv, Performance of ventilation in Estonian apartment buildings. Energy Procedia, 132, 963–968, 2017. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.681.
• T.C. Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Genel Müdürlüğü ve Türkiye Kimya, Petrol, Lastik ve Plastik Sanayii İşverenleri Sendikası (KİPLAS). COVID-19 döneminde havalandırma ve klima sistemleri rehberi, 2021. https://www.csgb.gov.tr/media/68337/kiplas-covid-19-doneminde-havalandirma-ve-klima-sistemleri-rehberi-26022021.pdf, Accessed 10 May 2022.
• DSÖ’nün Covid-19 ortam havalandırması yol haritası. https://yetkinreport.com/2021/04/19/dsonun-covid-19-ortam-havalandirmasi-yol-haritasi/, Accessed 11 May 2022.
• L-Z. Zhang, Heat and mass transfer in a quasi-counter flow membrane-based total heat exchanger. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 53, 2324, 5478-5486, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijheatmasstransfer.2010.07.009.
• L-Z. Zhang, C.-H. Liang, L-X. Pei, Heat and moisture transfer in application scale parallel-plates enthalpy exchangers with novel membrane materials. Journal of Membrane Science, 325(2): 672682, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2008.08.041.
• R. Al-Waked, M. S. Nasif, G.Morrison, M. Behnia, CFD simulation of air to air enthalpy heat exchanger: Variable membrane moisture resistance. Applied Thermal Engineering, 84, 301309, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.03.067.
• E-J. Lee, J. P. Lee, H.M. Sim, N.H. Kim, Modeling and verification of heat and moisture transfer in an enthalpy exchanger made of paper membrane. International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration, 20(3): 1250015, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2010132512 500150.
• M. Nasif, , R. Al-Waked, G.Morrison, M. Behnia, Membrane heat exchanger in HVAC energy recovery systems, systems energy analysis. Energy and Buildings, 42(10): 18331840, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.05.020.
• A. Mardiana-Idayu, S. B. Riffat, An experimental study on the performance of enthalpy recovery system for building applications. Energy and Buildings, 43(9): 25332538, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild. 2011.06.009.
• M. Unverdi and H. Kucuk, Comparison of hydraulic and thermal performance of small capacity air to air cross and semi-cross flow plate heat exchangers using CFD analysis. 18th International Conference on Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology, pp. 50–57, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2018 March 21-23.
• M. Ünverdi and H. Küçük, Taguchi yöntemi ve hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği kullanılarak tasarlanan levhalı ısı değiştiricilerin performanslarının karşılaştırılması. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(4), 373–386, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5505/pajes.2018.35493.
• Y. Çengel, Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer. McGraw-Hill, USA, 2007.
• L-Z. Zhang, Progress on heat and moisture recovery with membranes: From fundamentals to engineering applications. Energy Conversion and Management, 63, 173195, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman. 2011.11.033.