İncirde (Ficus carica L.) in vitro doku kültürü tekniklerinin uygulanma potansiyelinin değerlendirilmesi

Year 2024, , 393 - 412, 15.01.2024

Altın Kardelen Abacı , Begüm Güler , Aynur Gürel

https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1360362

Abstract

İncir, çoğunlukla Akdeniz bölgesinde yetişen ve insanlık tarihinin bilinen en eski ıslah edilen meyve türlerinden biri olarak bilinir. Ticari değeri yüksek olan incirin, iklim ve ekolojik istekleri nedeniyle dünyada az sayıda ülkede üretimi yapılabilmektedir. Dünya ülkeleri içinde gerek kuru incir gerekse de taze incir üretiminde Türkiye ilk sırada yer almaktadır. İncir tohumlarının cansızlığı ve ayrıca üretimde yaşanan çeşitli problemlerden ötürü araştırmacılar farklı üretim yöntemlerini tercih etmişlerdir. Bitki doku kültürü teknikleri bu yöntemler arasında iyi bir alternatif olmuştur. Doku kültürü yöntemleri ile çoğaltım; mevsimsel ve diğer çevresel koşullardan bağımsız, yüksek kaliteli, hastalıksız incir üretimine olanak vermesi nedeniyle yüksek avantajlar sağlamaktadır. Bugüne kadar birçok araştırmacı tarafından incir bitkisinde mikroçoğaltım, somatik embriyogenez, kallus kültürü, hastalıksız bitki üretimi (meristem kültürü), protoplast kültürü ve in vitro seleksiyon ile ilgili çeşitli çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla gerçekleştirilen araştırmalarda sürgün ucu, nod, gövde, yaprak ya da meristem başta olmak üzere farklı eksplant kaynakları kullanılmıştır. Bu derlemede, ekonomik öneme sahip olan Ficus carica L. türünde in vitro koşullarda farklı uygulama alanlarında yapılan çeşitli çalışmalar incelenerek elde edilen sonuçların irdelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

Ficus carica L., İncir, Bitki doku kültürü teknikleri, In vitro

Evaluation of the application potential of in vitro tissue culture techniques in fig (Ficus carica L.)

Abstract

Figs are known as one of the oldest known breeds of fruit in the history of mankind, mostly grown in the Mediterranean region. Fig, which has a high commercial value, can be produced in a few countries in the world due to its climate and ecological demands. Turkey is in first place in the production of both dried and fresh figs among the countries of the world. Researchers have preferred different production methods due to the lifelessness of fig seeds and various problems experienced in production. Plant tissue culture techniques have been a good alternative among these methods. Propagation by tissue culture methods provides high advantages as it enables high quality, disease-free fig production independent of seasonal and other environmental conditions. To date numerous studies have been carried out by many researchers on micropropagation, somatic embryogenesis, callus culture, disease-free plant production (meristematic culture), protoplast culture and in vitro selection in fig plants. In the studies accomplished for this purpose, different explant sources, especially shoot tip, node, stem, leaf or meristem were used. In this review, it is aimed to examine the results obtained by examining various studies conducted in different application areas under in vitro conditions on the economically important Ficus carica L. species.

Keywords

Ficus carica L., Fig, Plant tissue culture techniques, In vitro

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