Provincial-level analysis of land use changes following the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes using sentinel-2 land use/land cover time series data

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 775 - 790, 15.04.2025

Ceren Yağcı , Münevver Gizem Gümüş

https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1653751

Cited By: 1

https://izlik.org/JA42SF27WP

Abstract

Natural disasters significantly impact human settlements and land use. The February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquakes caused extensive changes in land use and land cover (LULC) across 11 provinces in Turkey. This study analyzes these changes using Sentinel-2 LULC time series data from 2022 to 2023. The study area includes Adana, Adıyaman, Diyarbakır, Gaziantep, Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, Kilis, Malatya, Osmaniye, Şanlıurfa, and Elazığ. LULC classifications—agriculture, settlement, bare ground, trees, and water—were analyzed using ArcGIS to assess annual change rates. Results indicate that settlements expanded, especially in Hatay, Gaziantep, and Osmaniye (3-4%), due to post-earthquake reconstruction. Agricultural land increased in Şanlıurfa and Kilis but declined in Elazığ and Adıyaman. Bare ground areas decreased, suggesting erosion control and afforestation efforts. Small increases in water bodies were observed, indicating potential environmental benefits. These findings highlight the importance of sustainable land management and post-disaster planning to mitigate future risks.

Keywords

Disaster Management , GIS , LULC , Remote Sensing , Sentinel-2

Ethical Statement

This study has been prepared in full compliance with academic ethical rules and principles of scientific integrity. All data, methods, and sources used in the study have been properly cited, and ethical violations such as plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate authorship have been strictly avoided. All information presented in the research is original, and data obtained from the relevant literature have been appropriately referenced following academic citation rules. This statement is hereby confirmed to declare that the study has been conducted in accordance with the principles of scientific accuracy and ethical standards.

Thanks

The authors gratefully acknowledge the United States Geological Survey (USGS) for providing open-access Sentinel-2 imagery and ESRI for offering AI-based Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) time series data via the Living Atlas of the World. These datasets significantly supported the spatial analyses in this study.

Sentinel-2 arazi kullanımı/arazi örtüsü zaman serisi verileri kullanılarak 2023 Kahramanmaraş depremleri sonrası arazi kullanımındaki değişimlerin il düzeyinde analizi

https://izlik.org/JA42SF27WP

Abstract

Doğal afetler, insan yerleşimleri ve arazi kullanımı üzerinde önemli değişimlere yol açmaktadır. 6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş depremleri, Türkiye’deki 11 ilde arazi kullanımı ve arazi örtüsünde (LULC) büyük değişimlere neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Sentinel-2 LULC zaman serisi verileri kullanılarak 2022-2023 yılları arasındaki değişimler analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma alanı Adana, Adıyaman, Diyarbakır, Gaziantep, Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, Kilis, Malatya, Osmaniye, Şanlıurfa ve Elazığ illerini kapsamaktadır. Tarım, yerleşim, çıplak arazi, ağaçlık alanlar ve su kaynakları gibi LULC sınıfları ArcGIS yazılımı kullanılarak yıllık değişim oranları açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, yerleşim alanlarının genişlediğini, özellikle Hatay, Gaziantep ve Osmaniye’de %3-4 oranında arttığını ve bunun yeniden yapılandırma sürecinden kaynaklandığını göstermektedir. Tarım arazileri, Şanlıurfa ve Kilis’te artarken, Elazığ ve Adıyaman’da azalmıştır. Çıplak arazi alanlarının azalması, erozyon kontrolü ve ağaçlandırma çalışmalarına işaret etmektedir. Su kaynaklarındaki küçük artışlar, çevresel sürdürülebilirlik açısından olumlu bir gelişme olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bulgular, sürdürülebilir arazi yönetimi ve afet sonrası planlamanın önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

Afet Yönetimi , CBS , AÖAK , Uzaktan Algılama , Sentinel-2

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma, akademik etik kurallarına ve bilimsel dürüstlük ilkelerine tam uyum çerçevesinde hazırlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında kullanılan tüm veriler, yöntemler ve kaynaklar eksiksiz şekilde belirtilmiş olup, intihal, sahtecilik, çarpıtma veya haksız yazarlık gibi etik ihlallerden kaçınılmıştır. Araştırmada yer alan tüm bilgiler özgün olup, ilgili literatürden alınan veriler uygun akademik atıf kurallarına göre kaynak gösterilerek kullanılmıştır. Bu beyan, çalışmanın bilimsel doğruluk ve etik ilkeler çerçevesinde yürütüldüğünü beyan etmek amacıyla tarafımızca onaylanmıştır.

Thanks

Bu çalışmada veri edinme ve analiz sürecine önemli katkılar sağlayan yüksek çözünürlüklü sınıflandırılmış haritalara ücretsiz erişim imkanı sunduğu için Esri'nin Living Atlas of the World platformuna şükranlarımızı sunarız.

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