AYVACIK-TUZLA BÖLGESİNDEKİ JEOTERMAL KAYNAKLARDAN METAL/MİNERAL KAZANIM OLANAKLARI

Year 2018, , 266 - 273, 31.01.2018

Ziya Sedat Cetiner

https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.386719

Abstract

   Bu çalışmanın amacı Biga Yarımadası'nda
ticari olarak önem atfedebilecek metal ve mineral içeren jeotermal sahaların
jeolojik ve jeokimyasal sınırlarını tanımlayıp, sürdürülebilir bir geri kazanım
teknolojisini özgün bir fizibilite analizi ile bütünleştirerek
değerlendirmektir. Biga Yarımadası özelindeki jeotermal kaynakların fiziksel
özellikleri ve kimyasal kompozisyonları incelendiğinde, yüksek sıcaklığa (T>60°C)
ve nispeten asidik pH değerlerine sahip kaynakların yeterli miktarda ticari
değere sahip materyali sağlayabileceği öngörülmektedir. Gerçekleştirilen pilot
ölçekli fizibilite analizine göre Tuzla jeotermal sahası temel alındığında
jeotermal akışkandan günde yaklaşık 22 Kg Li metali üretebileceği
hesaplanmıştır. 10 yıllık bir işletme süresi göz önüne alındığında
fayda-maliyet oranı (F/M) 3,71 olarak belirlenmiştir. Birden büyük olan bu oran
yapılacak geri kazanım yatırımının karlı olduğunu işaret etmektedir. 

Keywords

Jeotermal kaynaklar, metal-mineral geri kazanımı, Tuzla, lityum

METAL/MINERAL RECOVERY FROM GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES IN AYVACIK-TUZLA REGION

Abstract

   The aim of this study is to identify and analyse
the prospective areas in the Biga Peninsula in terms of geothermal waters as a
source of commercially valuable materials. Identified potential sources will be
evaluated integrating a sample cost analysis for a pilot reclamation process. The
review of the geochemistry of geothermal resources in the Biga Peninsula
indicates that geothermal waters with high temperature (T>60°C) and slightly
acidic pH values will yield sufficiently quantifiable dissolved commercial
element concentrations. In this respect, pilot feasibility analysis showed that
a geothermal fluid representing Tuzla geothermal resources could produce
approximately 22 Kg Li metal per day. Benefit-cost ratio was calculated to be
3.71, showing that such an investment is profitable for a ten years of
operation

Keywords

Geothermal waters, metal-mineral recovery, Tuzla, lithium

References

• [1] LUND, J.W., BOYD, T.L., “Direct Utilization of Geothermal Energy 2015 Worldwide Review”, Geothermics, 60, 66-93, 2016.
• [2] BERTANI, R., “Geothermal Power Generation in the World 2010–2014 Update Report”, Geothermics, 60, 31-43, 2016.
• [3] http://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/raw-materials/specific-interest/critical/ (erişim tarihi 18.01.2017).
• [4] https://geothermal.org/PDFs/California_Geothermal_Forum/Session_4_1_Wall.pdf (erişim tarihi 18.01.2017).
• [5] BROWN, K., SIMMONS, S., “Precious Metals in High Temperature Geothermal Systems”, Geothermics, 32, 619-625, 2003.
• [6] MERCADO, S., LOPEZ, J.A., ANGULO, R., “Chemical Recovery as an Alternative Environmental Solution for Geothermal Brines in Cerro Prieto”, Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, 3, 449-452, 1979.
• [7] SHANNON, W.T., OWERS, W.R., ROTHBAUM, H.P., “Pilot Scale Solids/Liquid Seperation in Hot Geothermal Discharge Waters Using Dissolved Air Flotation”, Geothermics, 11, 43-58, 1982.
• [8] GALLUP, D.L., “Geochemistry of Geothermal Fluids and Well Scales, and Potential for Mineral Recovery”, Ore Geology, 12(4), 225-236, 1998.
• [9] PREMUZIC, E.T., LIN, M., BOHENEK, M., SHELENKOVA, L., WILKE, R., JOSHI-TOPE, G., “Processing of Spent Geothermal Brines”, Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, 23, 229-239, 1999.
• [10] POPE, J.G., BROWN, K.L., McCONCHIE, D.M., “Gold Concentrations in Springs at Waiotapu, New Zealand. Implications for Precious Metal Deposition in Geothermal Systems”, Economic Geology, 100, 677-687, 2005.
• [11] LO, Y.C., CHENG, C.L., BOR, Y.C., CHANG, J.S., “Recovery of High Value Metals from Geothermal Sites by Biosorption and Bioaccumulation”, Bioresource Technology, 160, 182-190, 2014.
• [12] DAĞISTAN, H., “Türkiye Jeotermal Kaynak Aramaları, Kullanımı ve Sürdürülebilirliğinin Sağlanması”, Mineral Research & Exploration Bulletin, 15, 1-11, 2013.
• [13] T.C. KALKINMA BAKANLIĞI, 10. Kalkınma Planı 2014- 2018, Madencilik Politikaları Özel İhtisas Komisyonu, Enerji Hammaddeleri Grubu, Jeotermal Çalışma Alt Grup Raporu, 2013.
• [14] EMRE, Ö., DUMAN, T.Y., ÖZALP, S., ELMACI, H., OLGUN, Ş., ŞAROĞLU, F., “Active Fault Map of Turkey with Explanatory Text”, General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration Special Publication Series, 30, 2013.
• [15] KÜRÇER, A., CHATZIPETROS, A., TUTKUN, S.Z., PAVLİDES, S., ATEŞ, Ö., “The Yenice-Gönen Fault (NW Turkey): Active Tectonics and Palaeoseismology”, Tectonophysics, 453, 263-75, 2008.
• [16] YİGİTBAŞ, E., ŞENGÜN, F., YUNÇ, İ.O., “Pre-Neogene Tectonic Units in the Biga Peninsula (NW Anatolia) and New View to Their Geodynamic Evolution” TÜBİTAK Report, Project No:110Y281, 2014.
• [17] EKİNCİ, Y.L., YİĞİTBAŞ, E., “Interpretation of Gravity Anomalies to Delineate Some Structural Features of Biga and Gelibolu Peninsulas and Their Surroundings (North-West Turkey)”, Geodinamica Acta, 27, 300-319, 2015.
• [18] MUTLU, H., GÜLEÇ, N., HILTON, D.R., “Helium-Carbon Relationship in Geothermal Fluids of Western Anatolia, Turkey”, Chemical Geology, 247, 305-321, 2008.
• [19] YİGİT, Ö., “Heat Flow and Gold Mineralization in The Tethyan Metallogenic Belt: Exploration Hot Spots in Turkey,” The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology, Mugla, Turkey, 13-17 October 2014.
• [20] MTA, “Türkiye Jeotermal Kaynaklar Envanteri”, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Yayın No: 201, 2005.
• [21] YİGİT, Ö., “A Prospective Sector in the Tethyan Metallogenic Belt: Geology and Geochronology of Mineral Deposits in the Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey”, Ore Geology Reviews, 46, 118-148, 2012.
• [22] BABA, A., DENİZ, O., “Biga Yarımadası'ndaki Jeotermal Kaynakların Potansiyeli, Kullanım Alanlarının Belirlenmesi ve Çevresel Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi”, TÜBİTAK ÇAYDAG Proje No:104Y082, 1-323, 2008.
• [23] SANLIYUKSEL, Y. D., YUCEL, M.A., KARACA, Z., CETİNER, Z.S., ERENOGLU, R.C., AKCAY, Ö., “Determining the Geochemical Characteristics of Geothermal Resources and Generating a Geothermal Information System of Thermal Waters in Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey”, 245th ACS National Meeting & Exposition, New Orleans, USA, 2013.
• [24] INANLI, M., ATILLA, V., “Metal Silicate Formation at Tuzla Geothermal Brine Lines”, Proceedings International Workshop on Mineral Scaling, Manila, 21-27, 2011.
• [25] YALÇIN, T., “Geochemical characterization of the Biga Peninsula thermal waters (NW Turkey)”, Aquatic Geochemistry, 13, 75-93, 2007.
• [26] GAVASKAR, A., CUMMING, G., “Cost Evaluation Strategies for Technologies Tested Under the Environmental Verification Program”, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, USA, 2001.
• [27] LAGREGA, M.D., BUCKINGHAN, P.L., EVANS, J.C., Hazardous Waste Management., McGraw Hill, Inc. New York, USA, 1994.
• [28] https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20143035 (erişim tarihi 18.01.2017).
• [29] BABA, A., SOZBİLİR, H., “Source of Arsenic Based on Geological and Hydrogeochemical Properties of Geothermal Systems in Western Turkey”, Chemical Geology, 334, 364-377, 2012.
• [30] BABA, A., ERTEKİN, C., “Determination of the Source and Age of the Geothermal Fluid and Its Effects on Groundwater Resources in Kestanbol (Çanakkale Turkey)”, IAHS publication, 324, 2008.
• [31] ATEŞ, Ö., TUTKUN, S.Z., BABA, A., WOITH, H., OZDEN, S., “An Example of Geothermal Systems: Hıdırlar Geothermal Field, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey”, EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 3257, 2010.
• [32] DENİZ, O., BABA, A., TARCAN, G., “Hydrogeochemical and Hydrogeological Investigation of the Çan Geothermal Field”, Geological Bulletin of Turkey, 53, 2-3, 2010.
• [33] SANLIYUKSEL, Y.D., BABA, A., “Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic Composition of a Low-Temperature Geothermal Source in Northwest Turkey: Case Study of Kirkgecit Geothermal Area”, Environ Earth Sci, 62, 529-540, 2011.
• [34] BOURCIER, W.L., LIN, M., NIX., G., “Recovery of Minerals and Metals from Geothermal Fluids”, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA, 1-18, 2005.
• [35] CETINER, Z.S., DOGAN, O., OZDILEK, H.G., ERDOGAN, P.O., “Toward Utilising Geothermal Waters for Cleaner and Sustainable Production: Potential of Li Recovery from Geothermal Brines in Turkey”, Int. J. Global Warming, 7, 439-453, 2015.
• [36] MROCZEK, E.D., DEDUAL, G., GRAHAM, D., BACON, L., “Lithium Extraction from Wairakei Geothermal Fluid Using Electrodialysis”, Proceedings World Geothermal Congress, Melbourne, Australia, 2015.
• [37] SIMMONS, S., BROWN, K., BROWNE, R.L., ROWLAND, J.V., “Gold and Silver Resources in Taupo Volcanic Zone Geothermal Systems”, Geothermics, 59, 205-214, 2016.
• [38] REGENSPURG, S., WIERSBERG, T., BRANDT, W., HUENGES, E., SAADAT, A., SCHMIDT, K., ZIMMERMANN, G.,“ Geochemical Properties of Saline Geothermal Fluids from the In-Situ Geothermal Laboratory Groß Schönebeck (Germany)”, Chem Erde Geochem, 70(3), 3-12, 2010.
• [39] REGENSPURG, S., FELDBUSCH, E., BYRNE, J., DEON, F., DRIBA, L.D., HENNINGES, J., KAPPLER, A., NAUMANN, R., REINSCH, T., SCHUBERT, C.,“Mineral Precipitation during Production of Geothermal Fluid from a Permian Rotliegend Reservoir ”, Geothermics 54, 122–135, 2015.
• [40] SIMMONS, S., BROWN, K., BROWNE, R.L., ROWLAND, J.V., “The flux of Gold and Related Metals through a Volcanic Arc, Taupo Volcanic Zone”, Geology, 35, 1099-1102, 2007.
• [41] KUYUMCU, C., SOLAROGLU, U., AKAR, S., SERIN, O., “Hybrid Geothermal and Solar Thermal Power Plant Case Study: Gumuskoy GEPP”, GRC Trans., 36, 1091-1096, 2012.