PRODUCTION OF BISMUTH BASED NEW TYPE ELECTROLYTES AND ITS APPLICATION IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS

Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 350 - 369, 31.01.2018

Serdar Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.387125

Abstract

   Bismuth-based
solid electrolytes are used as a solid electrolyte especially in oxygen pumps,
oxygen gas detectors and fuel cells. In terms of conductivity, Bi-based
electro-ceramics are an alternative material according to Ceria-based and
Zirconia-based ones. In this study, all the processes for the synthesis of new
type stabilized Bi-based doped solid electrolyte powders, shaping in thick film
form and the application of single fuel cell for observation of electrical
power production have been particularly explained. For this purpose, new type
Bismuth-based solid electrolyte powders were synthesized by adding lanthanide
group (Gd₂O₃) and (Dy₂O₃) oxide
compounds in (Bi₂O₃) at different ratios. Subsequently,
physical properties were investigated by forming a thin layer via tape casting
method. Microstructures of the fabricated materials were investigated by SEM,
temperature and time dependent conductivity characterization was performed by
impedance analysis, Activation Energies and load carrier numbers were measured.
Then, single fuel cell application of the produced solid electrolyte was done.
For this, both surfaces of the electrolyte were coated with electrodes by
screen printing method and the power production was tested. Processes of
production conditions were investigated and all of the determined parameters
were explained.

Keywords

Solid oxide fuel cell, bismuth oxide, tape casting, screen printing, electrical conductivity characterization

KATI OKSİT YAKIT HÜCRELERİNDE KULLANILMAK ÜZERE ŞERİT DÖKÜM YÖNTEMİYLE BİZMUT TABANLI YENİ TİP ELEKTROLİTLERİN ÜRETİLMESİ VE YAKIT HÜCRE UYGULAMASI

Abstract

   Bizmut-temelli katı elektrolitler
özellikle oksijen pompaları, oksijen gaz dedektörleri ve yakıt pillerinde katı
elektrolit olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu tür elektroseramikler, üretilmekte olan
Seria-temelli ve Zirkonya-temelli olanlara iletkenlik özellikleri bakımından güçlü
bir alternatif malzemedir. Bu çalışmada, kolay üretilebilen yeni tip Bizmut-tabanlı
katkılanmış katı elektrolit tozların sentezlenmesine, ince tabaka formunda şekillendirilmesine
ve elektriksel güç üretiminin gözlenmesi için tekli yakıt hücre uygulamasının
yapılmasına dair tüm süreçler ayrıntılı şekilde açıklandı. Bu amaçla Lantanit
grubunun (Gd₂O₃) ve (Dy₂O₃) oksit
bileşikleri (Bi₂O₃) içerisine farklı oranlarda katkılanarak
yeni tip Bizmut-temelli katı elektrolit tozlar üretildi, ardından şerit döküm
yöntemi ile ince tabaka formuna getirilerek fiziksel özellikleri araştırıldı. Üretilen
malzemelerin SEM ile mikroyapıları incelendi, empedans analizi ile sıcaklığa ve
zamana bağlı iletkenlik karakterizasyonları yapıldı, aktivasyon enerjileri ve
yük taşıyıcı sayıları ölçüldü. Ardından üretilen katı elektrolitin tekli yakıt
hücresi uygulaması yapıldı. Bunun için ekran baskı yöntemi ile elektrolitin her
iki yüzeyi elektrotlar ile kaplanıp güç üretimi test edildi. Tüm üretim
şartlarına ait süreçler ayrıntılı şekilde araştırılarak üretim şartlarına ait
tespit edilen parametreler açıklandı.

Keywords

Katı oksit yakıt hücresi, bizmut oksit, şerit döküm, ekran baskı, elektrik iletkenliği karakterizasyonu

References

• [1] BOIVIN, J.C., “Structural and Electrochemical Features of Fast Oxide Ion Conductors”, International Journal of Inorganic Materials, 3, 1261-1266, 2001.
• [2] YAMAMURA, H., HIGASA, M., YAGI, Y., TAKAYAMA, T., “Electrical Conductivity in the (Bi0.8-xLnxEr0.2)2O3 (Ln=La, Pr, Nd) Systems”, Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, 117, 887-890, 2009.
• [3] UNG, D.W., NINO, J.C., DUNCAN, K.L., BISHOP, S.R., WACHSMAN, E.D., “Enhanced Long-Term Stability of Bismuth Oxide-Based Electrolytes for Operation at 500°C”, Ionics, 16, 97-103, 2010.
• [4] HSIEH, C., WANG, H., FUNG, K., “Effect of Double Doping on Crystal Structure and Electrical Conductivity of CaO and WO3-Doped Bi2O3”, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 31, 3073-3079, 2011.
• [5] ARASTEH, S., MAGHSOUDIPOUR, A., ALIZADEH, M., NEMATI, A., “Effect of Y2O3 and Er2O3 Co-Dopants on Phase Stabilization of Bismuth Oxide”, Ceramics International, 37, 3451-3455, 2011.
• [6] WANG, S., HSU, Y., TSAI, W., LU, H., “The Phase Stability and Electrical Conductivity of Bi2O3 Ceramics Stabilized by Co-Dopants”, Journal of Power Sources, 218, 106-112, 2012.
• [7] LINN, C., KUO, Y., CHOU, C., “Effect of V2O5 Doping on Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Bi2O3-TiO2 Solid Oxide Electrolyte System”, Ceramics International, 39, 1711-1716, 2013.
• [8] SAMMES, N.M., TOMPESTT, G.A., NAFE, H., ALDINGER, F., “Bismuth Based Oxide Electrolytes-Structure and Ionic Conductivity”, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 19, 1801-1826, 1999.
• [9] ERANNA, G., JOSHI, B.C., RUNTHALA, D.P., GUPTA, R.P., “Oxide Materials for Development of Integrated Gas Sensors a Comprehensive Review”, Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences, 29, 111-188, 2004.
• [10] YING, L., WANG, C., “Investigation on Pumping Oxygen Characteristics of (Bi2O3)0.73(Y2O3)0.27 Solid Electrolyte Journal of Rare Earths”, 26, 337-340, 2008.
• [11] BELENLI, I., TURKOGLU, O., “Insulation Coating of Silver Tapes Using an Organometallic Solution of Zr and Ca for Application to Bi-Based Superconductors”, Superconductor Science and Technology, 16, 39-44, 2002.
• [12] CABOT, A., MARSAL, A., ARBIOL, J., MORANTE, J.R., “Bi2O3 as a Selective Sensing Material for NO Detection”, Sensors and Actuators B, 99, 74-89, 2004.
• [13] SHOMAKER, E.L., KIM, C., VOGT, M.C., “CO2 Sensing Mechanism of an Electrocatalytic Sensor Based on a Tungsten-Stabilized Bismuth Oxide Solid Electrolyte and Cyclic Voltammetry Measurements Techniques”, Sensors and Actuators B, 110, 89-100, 2005.
• [14] FINLAYSON, A.P., WARD, E., TSANEVA, V.N., GLOWACKI, B.A., “Bi2O3-WO3 Compounds for Photocatalytic Applications by Solid State and Viscous Processing”, Journal of Power Sources, 145/2, 667-674, 2005.
• [15] AYTİMUR, A., KOÇYIĞIT, S., USLU, İ., DURMUŞOĞLU, Ş., AKDEMIR, A., “Fabrication and Characterization of Bismuth Oxide-Holmia Nanofibers and Nanoceramics, Current Applied Physics, 13, 581-586, 2013.
• [16] AHN, J.S., PERGOLESI, D., CAMARATTA, M.A., YOON, H., LEE, B.W., LEE, K.T., JUNG, D.W., TRAVERSA, E., WACHSMAN, E.D., “High-Performance Bilayered Electrolyte Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells”, Electrochemistry Communications, 11, 1504-1507, 2009.
• [17] SHUK, P., WIEMHÖFER, W.D., GUTH, U., GÖPELD, W., GREENBLATT, M., “Oxide Ion Conducting Solid Electrolytes Based on B2O3”, Solid State Ionics, 89, 179-196, 1996.
• [18] JUNG, D.W., DUNCAN, K.L., WACHSMAN, E.D., “Effect of Total Dopant Concentration and Dopant Ratio on Conductivity of (DyO1.5)x(WO3)y(Bi2O3)1-x-y”, Acta Materialia, 58, 355-363, 2010.
• [19] HUI, R., WANG, Z., KESLER, O., ROSE, L., JANKOVIC, J., YICK, S., MARIC, R., GHOSH, D., “Thermal Plasma Spraying for SOFCs: Applications, Potential Advantages, and Challenges”, Journal of Power Sources, 170, 308-323, 2007.
• [20] FEDTKE, P., WIENECKE, M., BUNESCU, M.C., BARFELS, T., DEISTUNG, K., PIETRZAK, M., “Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Films Deposited by Plasma Spraying and Sputtering”, Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 8, 626-632, 2004.
• [21] ROOSEN, A., Basic Requirements for Tape Casting of Ceramics Powders, (In: Ceramic Transactions, Ceramic Powder Science II, G.L. MESSING, E. FULLER, H. HAUSNER (Eds.) (pp. 675-692)), The American Ceramic Society, Westerville OH, 1987.
• [22] STREICHER, E., CHARTIER, T., “Influence of Organic Component on Properties of Tape-Cast Aluminum Nitride Substrates”, Ceramics International, 16[4], 247-252, 1990.
• [23] DESCAMPS, M., RINGUET, G., LEGER, D., THIERRY, B., “Tape-Casting Relationship Between Organic Constituents and the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Tapes”, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 15, 357-362, 1995.
• [24] BENGISU, M., Seramik Bilimi ve Mühendisliği, Nobel Yayınları, Ankara, Türkiye, 2006.
• [25] ZHU, W.Z., DEEVI, S.C., “A Review on the Status of Anode Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells”, Materials Science and Engineering, A362, 228–239, 2003.
• [26] FERGUS, J., HUI, R., LI, X., WILKINSON, D.P., ZHANG, J., Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Materials Properties and Performance, CRC Press, London, UK, 2009.
• [27] YILDIZ, E., YILMAZ, S., TURKOGLU, O., “The Production and Characterization of Ytterbium-Stabilized Zirconia Films for SOFC Applications”, International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 13, 100-107, 2016.
• [28] WINCEWICZ, K.C., COOPER, J.S., “Taxonomies of SOFC Material and Manufacturing Alternatives”, Journal of Power Sources, 140, 280-296, 2005.
• [29] ESQUIROL, A., BRANDON, N., KILNER, J., MOGENSEN, M., “Electrochemical Characterization of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 Cathodes for Intermediate-Temperature SOFCs”, Journal of Electrochemical Society, 151, 1847-1855, 2004.
• [30] BECKEL, D., MUECKE, U.P., GYGER, T., FLOREY, G., INFORTUNA, A., GAUCKLER, L.J., “Electrochemical Performance of LSCF Based Thin Film Cathodes Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis”, Solid State Ionics, 178, 407–415, 2007.
• [31] JOHNSON, A.C., LAI, B.K., XIONG, H., RAMANATHAN, S., “An Experimental Investigation into Micro-Fabricated Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Ultra-Thin La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3 Cathodes and Yttria-Doped Zirconia Electrolyte Films”, Journal of Power Sources, 186, 252–260, 2009.
• [32] MARTINS, R.F., BRANT, M.C., DOMINGUES, R.Z., PANIAGO, R.M., SAPAG, K., MATENCIO, T., “Synthesis and Characterization of NiO-YSZ for SOFCs”, Materials Research Bulletin, 44, 451-456, 2009.
• [33] PECHINI, M.P., US Patent No. 3330697, July 11, 1967.
• [34] TUNÇ, T., USLU, İ., DURMUŞOĞLU, Ş., KESKIN, S., AYTIMUR, A., AKDEMIR, A., “Preparation of Gadolina Stabilized Bismuth Oxide Doped with Boron via Electrospinning Technique”, Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, 22, 105-111, 2012.
• [35] ARI, M., TAŞÇIOĞLU, İ., ALTINDAL, Ş., USLU, İ., AYTIMUR, A., KARAASLAN, T., KOÇYIGIT, S., “Crystal Structure and Electrical Properties of Gadolinia Doped Bismuth Oxide Nanoceramic Powders”, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 136, 942-946, 2012.
• [36] OZPOZAN KALAYCIOĞLU, N., ÖZTÜRK, E., DAYAN, S., “Oxide Ionic Conductivity Properties of Binary δ-(Bi2O3)1-x(Yb2O3)x System”, Journal of the Chinese Advanced Materials Society, 1, 74-80, 2013.
• [37] YILMAZ S., Dy2O3, Eu2O3, Sm2O3 Katkılanmış β-Bi2O3 Tipi Katı Elektrolitlerin Sentezlenmesi, Karakterizasyonları ve Katı Hal Oksijen İyonik İletkenliklerinin Araştırılması (Doktora Tezi), pp.21-172-173, Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye, 2008.