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Air pollution in Eskişehir: Spatio-temporal variation of PM10, PM2.5, and SO2 concentrations and evaluation of sources

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 4, 1115 - 1126, 15.10.2024

İlker Balcılar

https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1459990

Abstract

Determining the sources and their contributions to air quality in a region is of great importance for the development of effective control strategies. In this study, PM10, PM2.5, and SO2 data obtained from three different stations in Eskişehir were analyzed for 2023. At all stations, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations exceeded the limit values recommended by the World Health Organization. Analysis of temporal and spatial variations in pollutants, along with bivariate polar plots, revealed that traffic and residential heating have high contribution on all pollutants at Station 1. At Station 2, the contributions of traffic and residential heating to pollutants differed. At Station 3, anthropogenic sources were more effective for SO2 and PM2.5, while contribution of soil emissions was also observed for PM10. For PM10, the concentration weighted trajectory model identified the Central Anatolia and Aegean regions in Türkiye, as well as regions over Greece, as significant source regions.

Keywords

Seasonal variation Bivariate polar plot Concentration weighted trajectory

References

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Eskişehir’de hava kirliliği: PM10, PM2.5 ve SO2 konsantrasyonlarının mekânsal-zamansal değişimi ve kaynaklarının değerlendirilmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 4, 1115 - 1126, 15.10.2024

İlker Balcılar

https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1459990

Abstract

Bir bölgedeki hava kalitesine etki eden kaynakların ve katkılarının belirlenmesi etkin kontrol stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi için büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Eskişehir'deki üç farklı istasyondan elde edilen PM10, PM2.5 ve SO2 verileri 2023 yılı için incelenmiştir. Tüm istasyonlarda, PM10 ve PM2.5 konsantrasyonlarının Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından önerilen sınır değerlerin üzerinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kirleticilerin zamansal ve mekânsal değişimleri ile iki değişkenli polar grafikleri incelendiğinde, İstasyon 1'de trafik ve evsel ısınmanın tüm kirleticiler üzerinde yüksek katkısı gözlenmiştir. İstasyon 2'de ise trafik ve ısınmanın kirleticiler üzerindeki katkıları farklılık göstermiştir. İstasyon 3'te ise SO2 ve PM2.5 üzerinde antropojenik kaynaklar daha etkili olurken, PM10'da toprak emisyonlarının etkisi de gözlenmiştir. PM10 için konsantrasyon ağırlıklı yörünge modeli, Türkiye'de İç Anadolu ve Ege bölgeleri ile Yunanistan üzerindeki bölgeleri önemli katkı sağlayan bölgeler olarak belirlemiştir.

Keywords

Mevsimsel değişim İki değişkenli polar grafik Konsantrasyon ağırlıklı yörünge

Thanks

Yazar, bu çalışmada kullanılan kirletici verilerini sağladığı için Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı'na teşekkür eder.

References

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  • U. A. Bhatti, Z. Zeeshan, M. M. Nizamani, S. Bazai, Z. Yu and L. Yuan, Assessing the change of ambient air quality patterns in Jiangsu Province of China pre-to post-COVID-19. Chemosphere, 288, Pt 2, 132569, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132 569.
  • T. Lauriks, R. Longo, D. Baetens, M. Derudi, A. Parente, A. Bellemans, J. Van Beeck and S. Denys, Application of improved CFD modeling for prediction and mitigation of traffic-related air pollution hotspots in a realistic urban street. Atmospheric Environment, 246, 118127, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv .202 0.118127.
  • WHO, 2022 Ambient (outdoor) air pollution. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/am bient-(outdoor)-air-quality-and-health, Erişim Tarihi 01 Mart 2024.
  • B. Caliskan, N. Özengin and S. S. Cindoruk, Air quality level, emission sources and control strategies in Bursa/Turkey. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 11, 12, 2182-2189, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2020.0 5.016.
  • M. F. Sari and F. Esen, Atmospheric concentration, spatial variations, and source identification of persistent organic pollutants in urban and semi-urban areas using passive air samplers in Bursa, Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-11, 2022. https://doi .org/10.1007/s11356-021-17987-1.
  • E. Yücer, A. Erener and G. Sarp, A land use regression model to estimate ambient concentrations of PM10 and SO2 in İzmit, Turkey. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 51, 6, 1329-1341, 2023. https://doi .org/10.1007/s12524-023-01704-1.
  • V. Singh, S. Singh, A. Biswal, A. P. Kesarkar, S. Mor and K. Ravindra, Diurnal and temporal changes in air pollution during COVID-19 strict lockdown over different regions of India. Environmental Pollution, 266, 115368, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2 020.115368.
  • J. Maffia, E. Dinuccio, B. Amon and P. Balsari, PM emissions from open field crop management: emission factors, assessment methods and mitigation measures – A Review. Atmospheric Environment, 226, 117381, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117381
  • B. A. Maher, V. O’Sullivan, J. Feeney, T. Gonet and R. A. Kenny, Indoor particulate air pollution from open fires and the cognitive function of older people. Environmental Research, 192, 110298, 2021. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110298.
  • S. K. Kharol, V. Fioletov, C. A. McLinden, M. W. Shephard, C. E. Sioris, C. Li and N. A. Krotkov, Ceramic ındustry at morbi as a large source of SO2 emissions in India. Atmospheric Environment, 223, 117243, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.201 9.117243.
  • A. L. d. Jesus, M. H. Thompson, L. D. Knibbs, M. Kowalski, J. Cyrys, J. V. Niemi, A. Kousa, H. Timonen, K. Luoma, T. Petäj̈ä, D. C. S. Beddows, R. M. Harrison, P. K. Hopke and L. Morawska, Long-Term trends in PM2.5 mass and particle number concentrations in urban air: The ımpacts of mitigation measures and extreme events due to changing climates. Environmental Pollution, 263, Part A 114500, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114500.
  • S. Sayols-Baixeras, A. Fernández‐Sanlés, A. Prats‐Uribe, I. Subirana, M. Plusquin, N. Künzli, J. Marrugat, X. Basagaña and R. Elosúa, Association between long-term air pollution exposure and DNA methylation: The REGICOR Study. Environmental Research, 176, 108550, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.1 08550.
  • A. Bari, W. B. Kindzierski and P. Roy, Identification of ambient SO2 sources in ındustrial areas in the Lower Athabasca Oil Sands Region of Alberta, Canada. Atmospheric Environment, 231, 117505, 2020. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.11750 5.
  • T. F. Mebrahtu, G. Santorelli, T. Yang, J. Wright, J. Tate and R. McEachan, The effects of exposure to NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 on health service attendances with respiratory ıllnesses: A time-series analysis. Environmental Pollution, 333, 122123, 2023. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122123.
  • S. Kong, Q. Yan, H. Zheng, H. Liu, W. Wang, S. Zheng, G. Yang, M. Zheng, J. Wu, S. Qi, G. Shen, L. Tang, Y. Yin, T. Zhao, H. Yu, D. Liu, D. Zhao, Z. Tao, J. Ruan and M. Huang, Substantial reductions in ambient PAHs pollution and lives saved as a co-benefit of effective long-term PM2.5 pollution controls. Environment International, 114, 266-279, 2018. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.03.002.
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There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Air Pollution Modelling and Control
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

İlker Balcılar 0000-0002-0267-7184

Early Pub Date September 2, 2024
Publication Date October 15, 2024
Submission Date March 27, 2024
Acceptance Date July 10, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 13 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Balcılar, İ. (2024). Eskişehir’de hava kirliliği: PM10, PM2.5 ve SO2 konsantrasyonlarının mekânsal-zamansal değişimi ve kaynaklarının değerlendirilmesi. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(4), 1115-1126. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1459990
AMA Balcılar İ. Eskişehir’de hava kirliliği: PM10, PM2.5 ve SO2 konsantrasyonlarının mekânsal-zamansal değişimi ve kaynaklarının değerlendirilmesi. NOHU J. Eng. Sci. October 2024;13(4):1115-1126. doi:10.28948/ngumuh.1459990
Chicago Balcılar, İlker. “Eskişehir’de Hava kirliliği: PM10, PM2.5 Ve SO2 konsantrasyonlarının mekânsal-Zamansal değişimi Ve kaynaklarının değerlendirilmesi”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 13, no. 4 (October 2024): 1115-26. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1459990.
EndNote Balcılar İ (October 1, 2024) Eskişehir’de hava kirliliği: PM10, PM2.5 ve SO2 konsantrasyonlarının mekânsal-zamansal değişimi ve kaynaklarının değerlendirilmesi. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 13 4 1115–1126.
IEEE İ. Balcılar, “Eskişehir’de hava kirliliği: PM10, PM2.5 ve SO2 konsantrasyonlarının mekânsal-zamansal değişimi ve kaynaklarının değerlendirilmesi”, NOHU J. Eng. Sci., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 1115–1126, 2024, doi: 10.28948/ngumuh.1459990.
ISNAD Balcılar, İlker. “Eskişehir’de Hava kirliliği: PM10, PM2.5 Ve SO2 konsantrasyonlarının mekânsal-Zamansal değişimi Ve kaynaklarının değerlendirilmesi”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 13/4 (October 2024), 1115-1126. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1459990.
JAMA Balcılar İ. Eskişehir’de hava kirliliği: PM10, PM2.5 ve SO2 konsantrasyonlarının mekânsal-zamansal değişimi ve kaynaklarının değerlendirilmesi. NOHU J. Eng. Sci. 2024;13:1115–1126.
MLA Balcılar, İlker. “Eskişehir’de Hava kirliliği: PM10, PM2.5 Ve SO2 konsantrasyonlarının mekânsal-Zamansal değişimi Ve kaynaklarının değerlendirilmesi”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 13, no. 4, 2024, pp. 1115-26, doi:10.28948/ngumuh.1459990.
Vancouver Balcılar İ. Eskişehir’de hava kirliliği: PM10, PM2.5 ve SO2 konsantrasyonlarının mekânsal-zamansal değişimi ve kaynaklarının değerlendirilmesi. NOHU J. Eng. Sci. 2024;13(4):1115-26.
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