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Sentetik 4-Klorofenol çözeltisinin Fenton oksidasyonu: Optimizasyon, Fenton prosesinin geliştirilmesi, fitotoksik değerlendirme

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 1188 - 1198, 15.10.2025

Mehmet Türkyılmaz

Abstract

Bu çalışmada öncelikli kirletici sınıfında bulunan 4-klorofenolün (4-KF) Fenton oksidasyonu ile arıtımı incelenmiştir. Optimizasyon deneyleri sonucunda pH 3, 350 mg/L Fe+2, 1500 mg/L H2O2 ve 25 mg/L 4-KF optimum değerler olarak belirlenmiş, %88.4 giderim verimi elde edilmiştir. Optimum şartlarda kombine sistemlerin etkisini belirlemek üzere Fenton prosesi ultrasonikasyon, UV-C ultraviyole radyasyon ile birleştirilmiş ve ayrıca klasik Fenton sisteminde oksidant dozlaması işlem başında ve ortasında olmak üzere kesikli olarak eklenmiştir. Sonuçlar ultrasonikasyon ve ultraviyole radyasyon ilavesinin sistemlerin hem 4-KF absorbans değerlerinin azaltılması hem de kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (KOİ) giderim verimlerini artırmada klasik Fenton prosesinden daha etkisiz kaldığını göstermiştir. Ancak klasik Fenton prosesinde uygulanan H2O2 dozlamasının kesikli yapılması ile 50 mg/L 4-KF absorbans gideriminde %8.6 artış ile %83.3, KOİ gideriminde ise %7.4 artış ile %45.2 giderim değerlerine yükselmiştir. Fitotoksikolojik deneyler sonucunda 0.08 g/L tohumlar; 0.05 g/L konsantrasyon ise bitki gelişimi için EC50 değeri olarak belirlenmiştir. Arıtılmış numunedeki fitotoksisitenin L. sativum tohumları üzerinde hafif olduğunu görülmüştür. Fenton prosesinin optimizasyonu sonrasında sisteme ultraviyole ışık (UV C), sonoliz ve oksidantın kesikli dozlanmasının ilave edilmesi ile ulaşılan sonuçlar ve 4-KF arıtımı için bu proseslerin uygulanmasından kaynaklanan fitotoksik değerlendirmelerin çalışmaya özgünlük sağladığı düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Fenton 4-Klorofenol Lepidium sativum Fitotoksisite

Ethical Statement

Yayımlanmak üzere sunduğumuz makalede, etik kurul onayı gerektiren bir çalışma yapılmadığını taahhüt ederiz.

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Fenton oxidation of synthetic 4-Chlorophenol solution: Optimization, development of the Fenton process, phytotoxic assessment

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 1188 - 1198, 15.10.2025

Mehmet Türkyılmaz

Abstract

In this study, the treatment of 4-chlorophenol, which is a priority pollutant class, was investigated by Fenton oxidation. As a result of the optimization experiments, pH 3, 350 mg/L Fe+2, 1500 mg/L H2O2 and 25 mg/L 4-chlorophenol were determined as optimum values, and 88.4% removal efficiency was obtained. In order to determine the effect of combined systems under optimum conditions, ultrasonication and UV-C ultraviolet radiation were combined with the Fenton process. In addition, in the classical Fenton system, oxidant dosing was added to the system at the beginning and in the middle of the process and the intermittent system was studied. The results showed that the addition of ultrasonication and ultraviolet radiation was less effective than the classical Fenton process in both reducing the 4-KF absorbance values and increasing the chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency of the systems. However, with the intermittent dosing of H2O2 applied in the classical Fenton process, 4-chlorophenol absorbance removal increased by 8.6% to 83.3%, and COD removal increased by 7.4% to 45.2%. As a result of phytotoxicological experiments, 0.08 g/L and 0.05 g/L concentrations were determined as EC50 values for seeds and plant development, respectively. It was observed that phytotoxicity in the purified sample was mild on L. sativum seeds. After the optimization of the Fenton process, the results obtained by adding ultraviolet light (UV C), sonolysis and intermittent dosing of oxidant to the system and the phytotoxic evaluations resulting from the application of these processes for 4-KF treatment are thought to provide originality to the study.

Keywords

Fenton 4-Chlorophenol Lepidium sativum Phytotoxicity

References

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There are 66 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Environmental Pollution and Prevention, Environmental Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mehmet Türkyılmaz 0000-0001-5484-571X

Early Pub Date August 11, 2025
Publication Date October 15, 2025
Submission Date January 27, 2025
Acceptance Date June 27, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 14 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Türkyılmaz, M. (2025). Sentetik 4-Klorofenol çözeltisinin Fenton oksidasyonu: Optimizasyon, Fenton prosesinin geliştirilmesi, fitotoksik değerlendirme. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(4), 1188-1198. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1628051
AMA Türkyılmaz M. Sentetik 4-Klorofenol çözeltisinin Fenton oksidasyonu: Optimizasyon, Fenton prosesinin geliştirilmesi, fitotoksik değerlendirme. NOHU J. Eng. Sci. October 2025;14(4):1188-1198. doi:10.28948/ngumuh.1628051
Chicago Türkyılmaz, Mehmet. “Sentetik 4-Klorofenol çözeltisinin Fenton Oksidasyonu: Optimizasyon, Fenton Prosesinin Geliştirilmesi, Fitotoksik Değerlendirme”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 14, no. 4 (October 2025): 1188-98. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1628051.
EndNote Türkyılmaz M (October 1, 2025) Sentetik 4-Klorofenol çözeltisinin Fenton oksidasyonu: Optimizasyon, Fenton prosesinin geliştirilmesi, fitotoksik değerlendirme. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 14 4 1188–1198.
IEEE M. Türkyılmaz, “Sentetik 4-Klorofenol çözeltisinin Fenton oksidasyonu: Optimizasyon, Fenton prosesinin geliştirilmesi, fitotoksik değerlendirme”, NOHU J. Eng. Sci., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1188–1198, 2025, doi: 10.28948/ngumuh.1628051.
ISNAD Türkyılmaz, Mehmet. “Sentetik 4-Klorofenol çözeltisinin Fenton Oksidasyonu: Optimizasyon, Fenton Prosesinin Geliştirilmesi, Fitotoksik Değerlendirme”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 14/4 (October2025), 1188-1198. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1628051.
JAMA Türkyılmaz M. Sentetik 4-Klorofenol çözeltisinin Fenton oksidasyonu: Optimizasyon, Fenton prosesinin geliştirilmesi, fitotoksik değerlendirme. NOHU J. Eng. Sci. 2025;14:1188–1198.
MLA Türkyılmaz, Mehmet. “Sentetik 4-Klorofenol çözeltisinin Fenton Oksidasyonu: Optimizasyon, Fenton Prosesinin Geliştirilmesi, Fitotoksik Değerlendirme”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 4, 2025, pp. 1188-9, doi:10.28948/ngumuh.1628051.
Vancouver Türkyılmaz M. Sentetik 4-Klorofenol çözeltisinin Fenton oksidasyonu: Optimizasyon, Fenton prosesinin geliştirilmesi, fitotoksik değerlendirme. NOHU J. Eng. Sci. 2025;14(4):1188-9.
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