Yüzey suları ve sedimentlerde mikroplastiklerin toksisite ve risk değerlendirmesi: Güncel yaklaşımlar ve sınırlamalar

Ceyhun Akarsu

doi:10.28948/ngumuh.1658139

Review

Toxicity and risk assessment of microplastics in surface waters and sediments: Current approaches and limitations

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 1721 - 1731, 15.10.2025

Ceyhun Akarsu

Abstract

Microplastic concentrations reported in current studies often include unrealistically high values or show inconsistencies that make comparison difficult due to methodological differences. This underlines the need for more comprehensive and standardized approaches to classify pollution levels and identify risk factors associated with microplastics. However, the wide diversity in size, shape, density and chemical composition of microplastics, as well as their ability to bind with natural particles and form complex structures, poses significant challenges to the development of a comprehensive risk assessment framework. In this context, this review discusses the polymer risk index, pollution load index, potential ecological risk index, microplastic pollution index, and environmental condition index, which are currently used or could be used in the future to systematically assess the existing and potential risks of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems. The broad application of these indices will contribute to creating a framework for assessing the environmental impacts of data in the literature and to develop effective management strategies. Furthermore, it will enable a more consistent interpretation of microplastic pollution levels on a global scale.

Keywords

Keywords: Ecotoxicology , Polymer characterization , Environmental monitoring , Pollution indices , Aquatic ecosystems

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Yüzey suları ve sedimentlerde mikroplastiklerin toksisite ve risk değerlendirmesi: Güncel yaklaşımlar ve sınırlamalar

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 1721 - 1731, 15.10.2025

Ceyhun Akarsu

Abstract

Mevcut araştırmalardan elde edilen mikroplastik konsantrasyonları, çoğu zaman gerçekçi olmayan derecelerde yüksek değerler içermekte veya metodolojik farklılıklar nedeniyle kıyaslamayı zorlaştıran eksiklikler barındırmaktadır. Bu durum, mikroplastiklerin kirlilik seviyelerinin sınıflandırılması ve risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi için daha kapsamlı ve standart yaklaşımlara olan ihtiyacı ortaya koymaktadır. Ancak mikroplastiklerin boyut, şekil, yoğunluk ve kimyasal bileşim açısından geniş bir çeşitliliğe sahip olması ve doğal parçacıklarla birleşerek çok boyutlu yapılar oluşturması, kapsamlı bir risk değerlendirme çerçevesinin geliştirilmesini zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, bu derleme çalışmasında, mikroplastiklerin sucul ekosistemler üzerindeki mevcut ve potansiyel risklerini daha sistematik bir şekilde değerlendirebilmek amacıyla kullanılan ve/veya gelecekte kullanılabilecek olan polimer risk indeksi, kirlilik yük indeksi, potansiyel ekolojik risk indeksi, mikroplastik kirlilik indeksi ve çevresel durum indeksi ele alınmıştır. Söz konusu indekslerin yaygın kullanımı, literatürdeki verilerin çevresel etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi ve etkili yönetim stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi için bir çerçeve oluşturacak; ayrıca mikroplastiklerin kirlilik seviyelerinin küresel ölçekte daha tutarlı bir şekilde yorumlanmasını mümkün kılacaktır.

Keywords

Ekotoksikoloji , Polimer karakterizasyonu , Çevresel izleme , Kirlilik indeksleri , Su ekosistemleri

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Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Environmental Pollution and Prevention, Environmental Engineering (Other)
Journal Section	Review Articles
Authors	Ceyhun Akarsu 0000-0002-0168-9941
Early Pub Date	August 11, 2025
Publication Date	October 15, 2025
Submission Date	March 14, 2025
Acceptance Date	July 11, 2025
Published in Issue	Year 2025 Volume: 14 Issue: 4

Cite

APA	Akarsu, C. (2025). Yüzey suları ve sedimentlerde mikroplastiklerin toksisite ve risk değerlendirmesi: Güncel yaklaşımlar ve sınırlamalar. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(4), 1721-1731. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1658139
AMA	Akarsu C. Yüzey suları ve sedimentlerde mikroplastiklerin toksisite ve risk değerlendirmesi: Güncel yaklaşımlar ve sınırlamalar. NOHU J. Eng. Sci. October 2025;14(4):1721-1731. doi:10.28948/ngumuh.1658139
Chicago	Akarsu, Ceyhun. “Yüzey Suları Ve Sedimentlerde Mikroplastiklerin Toksisite Ve Risk Değerlendirmesi: Güncel Yaklaşımlar Ve Sınırlamalar”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 14, no. 4 (October 2025): 1721-31. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1658139.
EndNote	Akarsu C (October 1, 2025) Yüzey suları ve sedimentlerde mikroplastiklerin toksisite ve risk değerlendirmesi: Güncel yaklaşımlar ve sınırlamalar. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 14 4 1721–1731.
IEEE	C. Akarsu, “Yüzey suları ve sedimentlerde mikroplastiklerin toksisite ve risk değerlendirmesi: Güncel yaklaşımlar ve sınırlamalar”, NOHU J. Eng. Sci., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1721–1731, 2025, doi: 10.28948/ngumuh.1658139.
ISNAD	Akarsu, Ceyhun. “Yüzey Suları Ve Sedimentlerde Mikroplastiklerin Toksisite Ve Risk Değerlendirmesi: Güncel Yaklaşımlar Ve Sınırlamalar”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 14/4 (October2025), 1721-1731. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1658139.
JAMA	Akarsu C. Yüzey suları ve sedimentlerde mikroplastiklerin toksisite ve risk değerlendirmesi: Güncel yaklaşımlar ve sınırlamalar. NOHU J. Eng. Sci. 2025;14:1721–1731.
MLA	Akarsu, Ceyhun. “Yüzey Suları Ve Sedimentlerde Mikroplastiklerin Toksisite Ve Risk Değerlendirmesi: Güncel Yaklaşımlar Ve Sınırlamalar”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 4, 2025, pp. 1721-3, doi:10.28948/ngumuh.1658139.
Vancouver	Akarsu C. Yüzey suları ve sedimentlerde mikroplastiklerin toksisite ve risk değerlendirmesi: Güncel yaklaşımlar ve sınırlamalar. NOHU J. Eng. Sci. 2025;14(4):1721-3.

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