IoT tabanlı akıllı tarım sistemlerinde toprak nemine dayalı otomatik sulama sistemi

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 1436 - 1446, 15.10.2025

Doğan Yıldız , Sercan Demirci

Abstract

Tarım, insanlığın temel ihtiyacı olan beslenmenin karşılanmasında ve yaşamın sürdürülebilirliğinde kritik bir rol üstlenmektedir. Artan dünya nüfusuna bağlı olarak gıda talebi de artmakta; bu durum, tarımsal üretimde verimliliğin artırılmasını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Geleneksel tarım yöntemleri bu ihtiyacı karşılamakta yetersiz kalmakta ve bu nedenle, kaynakların etkin kullanımını sağlayan akıllı tarım teknolojilerine duyulan ihtiyaç giderek artmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Kablosuz Sensör Ağları (Wireless Sensor Networks – WSN), çevresel değişkenleri (örneğin toprak nemi, sıcaklık, nem) izleyerek bu verilerin iletilmesini ve değerlendirilmesini sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, WSN tabanlı bir sistem aracılığıyla topraktaki nem miktarının izlenmesi ve bu verilere göre çalışan servo motor kontrollü akıllı vana sistemi geliştirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Sistem, bitkilerin su ihtiyacını gerçek zamanlı takip ederek yalnızca gerekli durumlarda sulama yapılmasını sağlamaktadır. Böylece su tüketimi optimize edilmekte, gereksiz sulama önlenmekte ve tarımsal verimlilik artırılmaktadır. Ayrıca, manuel iş gücü gereksinimini azaltarak çiftçiye zaman kazandırmakta ve maliyetleri düşürmektedir. Geliştirilen sistem, sürdürülebilir tarıma katkı sunarken, aynı zamanda çiftçilerin kârlılığını da artırmayı hedeflemektedir.

Keywords

Akıllı tarım , Kablosuz sensör ağı , Otomatik sulama , Enerji verimliliği , IoT

Soil moisture based automatic irrigation system in IoT based smart agriculture systems

Abstract

Agriculture plays a critical role in meeting humanity's fundamental need for nutrition and ensuring the sustainability of life. The growing world population is driving food demand, necessitating increased efficiency in agricultural production. Traditional agricultural methods are insufficient to meet this need, and therefore, the need for smart agricultural technologies that ensure efficient resource use is growing. In this context, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) monitor environmental variables (e.g., soil moisture, temperature, humidity), transmit, and analyze this data. This study aims to monitor soil moisture content using a WSN-based system and develop a servomotor-controlled smart valve system that operates based on this data. The system monitors plant water needs in real time, ensuring irrigation is applied only when necessary. This optimizes water consumption, prevents unnecessary irrigation, and increases agricultural productivity. It also reduces manual labor, saving farmers time and reducing costs. The developed system contributes to sustainable agriculture while also increasing farmers' profitability.

Keywords

Smart agriculture , Wireless sensor network , Automatic irrigation , Energy efficiency , IoT

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