Spatial Concentration and Regional Diversification of Public Expenditures: The Case of Turkey
Öz
Public expenditure is one of the most important variables on determining both the share of public sector in an economy and the size of national income. Explaining the distribution of public expenditures across the country is as equally important as determining its relationship with other variables. The distribution of public expenditures may vary in terms of regional and functional classifications. The differences can provide information about the policies favored by the government. The aim of this paper is to analyze the spatial concentration and regional diversification of functional public expenditures in Turkey. For the purpose, Herfindahl–Hirschman and Duranton–Puga indices are generated for the period of 2004 and 2011. Statistical results indicate that, over the sample period, the government carried out a spatial concenration on housing and social welfare services expenditures. In addition, Bursa emerges as the province where regional diversification is highest.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Allen, Franklin, Bartiloro, Laura and Kowalewski, Oskar (2005), “The Financial System of The EU 25”, MRPA Paper, No:652.
- Bergstresser, Daniel (2008), “Market Concentration and Commercial Bank Loan Portfolios”, Harvard Business School Working Paper Series.
- Borge, Lars-Erik (2000), “Charging for Public Services: The Case of Utilities in Norwegian Local Governments”, Regional Science & Urban Economics”, 30; 703-718.
- Borge, Lars-Erik (2005), “Strong Politicians Small Deficits: Evidence from Norwegian Local Governments”, European Journal of Political Economy, Volume:21; 325-344.
- Borge, Lars-Erik and Naper, Linn Renee (2006), “Efficiency Potential and Efficiency Variation in Norwegian Lower Secondary Schools”, Public Finance Analysis, Volume:62, No:2; 221- 249.
- Borge, Lars-Erik, Falch, Torberg and Tovmo, Per (2008), “Public Sector Efficiency: The Roles of Political and Budgetary Intitutions, Fiscal Capacity and Democratic Participation”, Public Choice, 136; 475-795.
- Calkins, Stephen (1983), “The New Merger Guidelines and the Herfindahl – Hirschman Index”, California Law Review, Volume 71, Issue 2.
- Camadan, Ercüment ve Erten, İbrahim, E. (2010), “Üretim Özelleştirmeleri Öncesinde Türkiye Elektrik Piyasasında Piyasa Gücünün Değerlendirilmesi”, Enerji, Piyasa ve Düzenleme, Cilt:1, Sayı:1; 51-75.
- Chortareas, Georgios E, Garza-Garcia, Jesus G and Girardone Claudia (2012), “Competiton, Efficiency and Interest Rate Margins in Latin American Banking”, International Review of Financial Analysis Volume: 24; 93-103.
- Chung, Kevin YC, Derdenger, Timothy P, and Srinivasan, Kannan (2013), “Economic Value of Celebrity Endorsements: Tiger Woods’ Impact on Sales of Nike Golf Balls”, Marketing Science, Volume:32, Issue:2; 271-293.