Nitel Araştırma Yöntemine Dayalı Bir Kuramın Gelişim Süreci: Gömülü Kuram Örneği/ Development Process of a Theory Based on Qualitative Research Method: The Case of Grounded Theory

Abstract

Grounded Theory (GT) is a general research methodology designed to support inductive theory development about a phenomenon through a set of systematic procedures for the collection and analysis of qualitative data (Noble & Mitchell, 2016). In the historical development of GT, the maturation process of GT was explained by comparing other views and contributions based on Glaser and Strauss' views and contributions. Based on the findings obtained, the background of GT, the views and contributions of Glaser and Strauss, methodological design, data analysis, literature review, and researcher were systematized and evaluated. The idea that the researcher must somehow be 'removed' from the research process in order for an objective theory to be discovered or allowed to emerge is among the topics of positivist/post-positivist epistemology. However, the idea that the researcher can be purified from the research results through the appropriate use of methodologies is highly controversial, especially in qualitative research. In qualitative research, since the epistemological process is interactional and structural, the influence of the researcher on the research outcome can be more easily recognised. However, in order to see and/or criticise understanding knowledge as interpretation, it is necessary to refer to hermeneutics, where interpretation is considered historically and culturally situated (Ramalho et al., 2015). Qualitative methodologies facilitate in-depth and detailed examination of issues and provide a broad approach to the study of social phenomena based on interpretive and lived experiences (Holton, 2008). This is because Glaser and Strauss designed GT to bridge the gap between theory and research and to improve the capacity of social scientists to generate theory (La Rossa, 2005). Within the framework of these basic reasons, GT should be evaluated on the basis of the findings (Allan, 2003; Glaser & Strauss, 1967; Goulding, 2000; Kenny & Fourie, 2014; Pandit, 1996). Especially when it is considered that the origins of social events are formed by broad cultural dynamics, the phenomena that occur in societies will also differ from society to society. Although science is universal, the formation of social phenomena or the solution of emerging problems will still be within that society. Therefore, in order to understand the phenomena occurring in societies in their own speciality or to get more specific, it will be necessary to search for the dynamics and solutions caused by the phenomena within that society. In this direction, GT is a qualitative-based research methodology that has and will have a significant impact on social science research. GT -based research makes important contributions to the formation of new theories to be used in understanding and describing new social events by systematising the information coming from the practice through communication between the researcher and the participants from whom the data are taken. Achieving the expected benefits in GT research depends on its applicability. Therefore, knowing the theoretical background of GT will guide researchers. On the other hand, it should be noted that determining the theoretical sample (participants) from which the findings will be obtained in the implementation process or expanding the sample for the findings is an important factor in reaching broader findings that can be evaluated. However, starting with the first sample (participant) who has extensive knowledge of the subject will form a basis for reaching the findings and the next sample. The fact that the research topic is certain or that the reference to the literature has been postponed or is still being discussed in the research process with the thought that it will affect the design of the GT may cause difficulties for the researchers. For this, researchers are expected to be highly competent and proficient in their field. In this direction, when the researcher follows the stages of GT (determining the phenomenon to be researched, determining the sample -participants-, coding the findings obtained, combining the codes with categories, making a general inference from the responses in the categories, and reaching a general conclusion by combining the inferences in the categories), he/she can develop a theory that can be put forward for the phenomena. However, the constant change of social phenomena will make it necessary to re-check the theory put forward.

Keywords

• Grounded theory
• qualitative research
• methodology

Nitel Araştırma Yöntemine Dayalı Bir Kuramın Gelişim Süreci: Gömülü Kuram Örneği/ Development Process of a Theory Based on Qualitative Research Method: The Case of Grounded Theory

Öz

Gömülü Kuram (GK), nitel verilerin toplanması ve analizi için bir dizi sistematik prosedür aracılığıyla bir olgu hakkında tümevarımsal kuram gelişimini desteklemek için tasarlanmış genel bir araştırma metodolojisidir. Bu çalışmada, yerli alanyazında kullanımı az olduğu değerlendirilen GK, ana hatları açıklanmış ve sosyal bilimlerde kullanılabilir olduğuna yönelik araştırma konu başlıkları verilmiştir. GK’nın tarihi gelişimi içerisinde, Glaser & Strauss’un görüş ve katkılarının temelinde diğer görüş ve katkılar karşılaştırılarak olgunlaşma süreci anlatılmıştır. Değerlendirmeler için ihtiyaç duyulan bulguların elde edilmesinde nitel yönteme dayalı tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Google akademik üzerinden yabancı alanyazın taraması yapılmıştır. Yabancı alanyazında GK üzerine yapılan çalışmışlardan elde olunan bulgular, GK’nın arka planı, metodolojik tasarım, değer ve amaç, veri ve analizi, alanyazın taraması ve araştırmacı temelinde sistematize edilerek değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gömülü Kuram
• nitel araştırma
• metodoloji

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