A Newly Defined Electromagnetic Dural Armor Functioned as a Brain Protecting Cerebrosphere: A Preliminary Theoretical Analysis

Abstract

Background: Electric and magnetic field-generating systems must be insulated in order to maintain their balance. It is certain that the brain, which has a very intense electric and magnetic field, is insulated by the dura mater and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that surround it. In this article, the electrophysical properties of these structures will be postulated in accordance with the laws of mathematics and physics. Material and Methods: In human samples, on the other hand, the morphological features of EEG waves were examined with parameters such as the number of scalp hairs and scalp thickness, conductivity, skull thickness, ratios between cranial and brain volumes, and the thickness of the subarachnoid space where CSF circulates, and ventricular volumes. Since this study is postulative, the data were not detailed by statistical evaluation. Results: With the geometric shapes of EEG waves; scalp thickness and number of hairs, skull thickness, depth of subarachnoid space, ventricular volumes, thickness of dura mater. EEG artifacts were excessive in pediatric cases with closed fontanelles or in adults with bone defects. There were statistically varying safety limits between 0.05

Keywords

• Cerebrospher
• Durospher
• Electroencephalography
• Wave Interferences

Abstract

References

1. Sloekers JCT, Herrler A, Hoogland G, et al. Nerve fiber density differences in the temporal dura mater: An explanation for headache after temporal lobectomy? An anatomical study. J Chem Neuroanat. 2022; 121:102082.
2. Hage D, Mathkour M, Iwanaga J, Dumont AS, Tubbs RS. The posterior cranial fossa's dura mater innervation and its clinical implication in headache: a comprehensive review. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2022; 81(4):843-50.
3. Terrier LM, Fontaine D. Intracranial nociception. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2021; 177(7):765-72.
4. Weise K, Wartman WA, Knösche TR, Nummenmaa AR, Makarov SN. The effect of meninges on the electric fields in TES and TMS. Numerical modeling with adaptive mesh refinement. Brain Stimul. 2022; 15(3):654-63.
5. Williams T, Bouazza-Marouf K, Zecca M, Green AL. Analysis of the validity of the mathematical assumptions of electrical impedance tomography for human head tissues. Biomed Phys Eng Express. Feb 8 2021;7(2): 025011.
6. Asan AS, Gok S, Sahin M. Electrical fields induced inside the rat brain with skin, skull, and dural placements of the current injection electrode. PLoS One. 2019; 14(1):e0203727.
7. Scaglioni G, Narici MV, Maffiuletti NA, Pensini M, Martin A. Effect of ageing on the electrical and mechanical properties of human soleus motor units activated by the H reflex and M wave. J Physiol. 2003; 548(Pt 2):649-61.
8. Khrennikov A. Quantum-like model of processing of information in the brain based on classical electromagnetic field. Biosystems. 2011; 105(3):250-62.

9. Stern S, Rotem A, Burnishev Y, Weinreb E, Moses E. External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures. J Vis Exp. 2017;(123): 54357.
10. 10. Hales CG, Ericson M. Electromagnetism's Bridge Across the Explanatory Gap: How a Neuroscience/Physics Collaboration Delivers Explanation Into All Theories of Consciousness. Front Hum Neurosci. 2022;16:836046.
11. 11. Zhang Z, Zhang L, Zhu J, Dong J, Liu H. Effect of electrical impedance-guided PEEP in reducing pulmonary complications after craniotomy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2022; 23(1):837.
12. 12. Nunez PL, Westdorp AF. The surface Laplacian, high resolution EEG and controversies. Brain Topogr. 1994; 6(3):221-26.
13. Kreezer GL, Smith FW. The relation of the alpha rhythm of the electroencephalogram and intelligence level in the non-differentiated familial type of mental deficiency. J Psychol. 1950; 29(1):48-51.
14. Nunez PL. Electric Fields of the Brain: The neurophysics of EEG. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press; 2006.
15. Jasper H, Penfield W. Electrocorticograms in man: Effect of voluntary movement upon the electrical activity of the precentral gyrus. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten. 1949/01/01 1949; 183(1):163-74.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Clinical Sciences (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Mehmet Aydin ^*
0000-0002-0383-9739
Türkiye

Mustafa Can Güler
0000-0002-0383-9739
Türkiye

Mehmet Hakan Şahin
0000-0002-5309-4165
Türkiye

Erkan Cem Çelik
0000-0002-7773-9562
Türkiye

Osman Nuri Keleş
0000-0001-7740-8248
Türkiye

Publication Date

January 30, 2024

Submission Date

January 13, 2024

Acceptance Date

January 25, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2024 Volume: 5 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.56766/ntms.1419119

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA69LL46GW

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Aydin, M., Güler, M. C., Şahin, M. H., Çelik, E. C., & Keleş, O. N. (2024). A Newly Defined Electromagnetic Dural Armor Functioned as a Brain Protecting Cerebrosphere: A Preliminary Theoretical Analysis. New Trends in Medicine Sciences, 5(1), 14-20. https://doi.org/10.56766/ntms.1419119

AMA

1.Aydin M, Güler MC, Şahin MH, Çelik EC, Keleş ON. A Newly Defined Electromagnetic Dural Armor Functioned as a Brain Protecting Cerebrosphere: A Preliminary Theoretical Analysis. New Trend Med Sci. 2024;5(1):14-20. doi:10.56766/ntms.1419119

Chicago

Aydin, Mehmet, Mustafa Can Güler, Mehmet Hakan Şahin, Erkan Cem Çelik, and Osman Nuri Keleş. 2024. “A Newly Defined Electromagnetic Dural Armor Functioned As a Brain Protecting Cerebrosphere: A Preliminary Theoretical Analysis”. New Trends in Medicine Sciences 5 (1): 14-20. https://doi.org/10.56766/ntms.1419119.

EndNote

Aydin M, Güler MC, Şahin MH, Çelik EC, Keleş ON (January 1, 2024) A Newly Defined Electromagnetic Dural Armor Functioned as a Brain Protecting Cerebrosphere: A Preliminary Theoretical Analysis. New Trends in Medicine Sciences 5 1 14–20.

IEEE

[1]M. Aydin, M. C. Güler, M. H. Şahin, E. C. Çelik, and O. N. Keleş, “A Newly Defined Electromagnetic Dural Armor Functioned as a Brain Protecting Cerebrosphere: A Preliminary Theoretical Analysis”, New Trend Med Sci, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 14–20, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.56766/ntms.1419119.

ISNAD

Aydin, Mehmet - Güler, Mustafa Can - Şahin, Mehmet Hakan - Çelik, Erkan Cem - Keleş, Osman Nuri. “A Newly Defined Electromagnetic Dural Armor Functioned As a Brain Protecting Cerebrosphere: A Preliminary Theoretical Analysis”. New Trends in Medicine Sciences 5/1 (January 1, 2024): 14-20. https://doi.org/10.56766/ntms.1419119.

JAMA

1.Aydin M, Güler MC, Şahin MH, Çelik EC, Keleş ON. A Newly Defined Electromagnetic Dural Armor Functioned as a Brain Protecting Cerebrosphere: A Preliminary Theoretical Analysis. New Trend Med Sci. 2024;5:14–20.

MLA

Aydin, Mehmet, et al. “A Newly Defined Electromagnetic Dural Armor Functioned As a Brain Protecting Cerebrosphere: A Preliminary Theoretical Analysis”. New Trends in Medicine Sciences, vol. 5, no. 1, Jan. 2024, pp. 14-20, doi:10.56766/ntms.1419119.

Vancouver

1.Mehmet Aydin, Mustafa Can Güler, Mehmet Hakan Şahin, Erkan Cem Çelik, Osman Nuri Keleş. A Newly Defined Electromagnetic Dural Armor Functioned as a Brain Protecting Cerebrosphere: A Preliminary Theoretical Analysis. New Trend Med Sci. 2024 Jan. 1;5(1):14-20. doi:10.56766/ntms.1419119

References

1. Sloekers JCT, Herrler A, Hoogland G, et al. Nerve fiber density differences in the temporal dura mater: An explanation for headache after temporal lobectomy? An anatomical study. J Chem Neuroanat. 2022; 121:102082.
2. Hage D, Mathkour M, Iwanaga J, Dumont AS, Tubbs RS. The posterior cranial fossa's dura mater innervation and its clinical implication in headache: a comprehensive review. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2022; 81(4):843-50.
3. Terrier LM, Fontaine D. Intracranial nociception. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2021; 177(7):765-72.
4. Weise K, Wartman WA, Knösche TR, Nummenmaa AR, Makarov SN. The effect of meninges on the electric fields in TES and TMS. Numerical modeling with adaptive mesh refinement. Brain Stimul. 2022; 15(3):654-63.
5. Williams T, Bouazza-Marouf K, Zecca M, Green AL. Analysis of the validity of the mathematical assumptions of electrical impedance tomography for human head tissues. Biomed Phys Eng Express. Feb 8 2021;7(2): 025011.
6. Asan AS, Gok S, Sahin M. Electrical fields induced inside the rat brain with skin, skull, and dural placements of the current injection electrode. PLoS One. 2019; 14(1):e0203727.
7. Scaglioni G, Narici MV, Maffiuletti NA, Pensini M, Martin A. Effect of ageing on the electrical and mechanical properties of human soleus motor units activated by the H reflex and M wave. J Physiol. 2003; 548(Pt 2):649-61.
8. Khrennikov A. Quantum-like model of processing of information in the brain based on classical electromagnetic field. Biosystems. 2011; 105(3):250-62.

9. Stern S, Rotem A, Burnishev Y, Weinreb E, Moses E. External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures. J Vis Exp. 2017;(123): 54357.
10. 10. Hales CG, Ericson M. Electromagnetism's Bridge Across the Explanatory Gap: How a Neuroscience/Physics Collaboration Delivers Explanation Into All Theories of Consciousness. Front Hum Neurosci. 2022;16:836046.
11. 11. Zhang Z, Zhang L, Zhu J, Dong J, Liu H. Effect of electrical impedance-guided PEEP in reducing pulmonary complications after craniotomy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2022; 23(1):837.
12. 12. Nunez PL, Westdorp AF. The surface Laplacian, high resolution EEG and controversies. Brain Topogr. 1994; 6(3):221-26.
13. Kreezer GL, Smith FW. The relation of the alpha rhythm of the electroencephalogram and intelligence level in the non-differentiated familial type of mental deficiency. J Psychol. 1950; 29(1):48-51.
14. Nunez PL. Electric Fields of the Brain: The neurophysics of EEG. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press; 2006.
15. Jasper H, Penfield W. Electrocorticograms in man: Effect of voluntary movement upon the electrical activity of the precentral gyrus. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten. 1949/01/01 1949; 183(1):163-74.