Research Article
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Year 2021, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 150 - 156, 15.09.2021

Abstract

Supporting Institution

yoktur

Project Number

yoktur

References

  • 1. Vogelmeier C, Hederer B, Glaab T, et al: Tiotropiumversussalmeterolfortheprevention of exacerbations of COPD. N Engl JMed 364: 1093-1103, 2011.
  • 2. Calverley PM, Anderson JA, Celli B, et al: Salmeteroland fluticasonepropionateandsurvival in chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease. N Engl J Med 356: 775-789, 2007.
  • 3. Struik FM, Duiverman ML, Bladder G andWijkstra PJ: Effects of non-invasivepositivepressureventilation (NIPPV) in stablechronicobstructivepulmonarydisease (COPD). RespirMed COPDupdate 4: 94-100, 2008.
  • 4. O’Donnell R, Breen D, Wilson S, Djukanovic R. Inflammatorycells in theairways in COPD. Thorax.2006;61(5):448–54. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2004.024463 PMID: 16648353; PubMed CentralPMCID: PMC2111192.
  • 5. Barnes PJ. Inflammatorymechanisms in patientswithchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease. J AllergyClinImmunol. 2016; 138(1):16–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2016.05.011 PMID: 27373322.
  • 6. Eagan TM, Ueland T, Wagner PD, Hardie JA, Mollnes TE, Damas JK, et al. Systemicinflammatorymarkers in COPD: resultsfromtheBergen COPD CohortStudy. EurRespir J. 2010; 35(3):540–8.https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00088209 PMID: 19643942.
  • 7. Agusti AG, Noguera A, Sauleda J, Sala E, Pons J, Busquets X. Systemiceffects of chronicobstructive pulmonarydisease. EurRespir J. 2003; 21(2):347–60. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.03.00405703 PMID: 12608452. 8. Caramori G, Ruggeri P, DiStefano A, Mumby S, Girbino G, Adcock IM, et al. Autoimmunityand COPD: ClinicalImplications. Chest. 2018; 153(6):1424–31 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2017.10.033 PMID: 29126842.
  • 9. Anthonisen NR, Manfreda J, Warren CPW, Hersfield ES, Harding GKM, Nelson NA. Antibiotictherapy in exacerbation of chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease. AnnInternMed 1987; 106: 196-204.
  • 10. Seemungal TAR, Donaldson GC, Paul EA, et al. Effect of exacerbation on quality of patientswithchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease. Am J RespirCritCareMed 1998; 157:1418-1422.
  • 11. Bhowmik A, Seemungal TAR, Sapsford RJ, Wedzicha JA. Relation of sputuminflammatorymarkerstosymptomsandlungfunctionchanges in COPD exacerbations. Thorax 2000;55:114-120.
  • 12. Spanevello A, Confalonleri M, Sulotto F, et al. İnducedsputumcellularityreferencevalues anddistribution in normal volunteers. Am J RespirCareMed 2000;162 :1172-1174.
  • 13. Nijtsen MWN, de Groot ER, et al. Serum levels of IL-6 andacutephaseresponses. Lancet 1987; 2: 921.
  • 14. Kishimato T, Hirano T. Molecularregulation of B lymphocyteresponse. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 1988; 6: 485.
  • 15. Hirano T, Kishimato T. Interleukin-6. In: editedbyAsherson GL, Zembala M. Human Monocytes. AcademicPress, New York.1989; 100-118.
  • 16. Frederick E, Hargreave MD. İnducedsputumandresponsetoglucocorticoids. J AllergyClinİmmunol 1998;102:S102-S105.
  • 17. Bhowmik A, Seemungal TAR, Sapsford RJ, Wedzicha JA. Relation of sputuminflammatorymarkerstosymptomsandlungfunctionchanges in COPD exacerbations. Thorax 2000;55:114-120.
  • 18. D’ Ippolito R, Foresi A, Chetta A, et al. Inducedsputum in patientswithnewlydiagnosedsarcoidosis; Comprasionwithbronchialwashand BAL. Chest 1999; 115:1611-1615.
  • 19. Wilson NM, Bridge P, Spanevello A, Silverman M. Inducedsputum in children; feasibility, repeatibilityandrelation of findingstoasthmaseverity. Thorax 2000; 55:768-774
  • 20. M. Tsoumakidou, N. Tzanakis, N.M. Siafakas .Inducedsputum in the investigation of airwayinflammation of COPD. RespiratoryMedicine (2003) 97, 863–871.
  • 21.Pizzichini E, Efthimiadis A, EvansS,et al. Indices of airwayinflammation in inducedsputum : reproducibility andvalidty of cellandfluidphasemeasurements. Am J RespirCritCareMed 1996;154:308-317.
  • 22. Peleman RA, Rytila PH, Kips JC. Thecellularcomposition of inducedsputum in chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease. EurRespir J 1999;13:839-843.
  • 23. Aoran S, Angel JB, Lunau M. Granulocyteinflammatorymarkersandairwayinfectionduringacuteexacerbation of COPD. Am J RespirCritCareMed 2001; 163: 349-355.
  • 24. Wang S, Xu F, Chen Y. Detectionandsignificance of IL-6,IL-8, TNF-α in sputafrompatientswithchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease. ZhonghuaJie, He He Hu XiZaZhi 2000;23:465-467.
  • 25. Wedzicha JA, Seemungal TAR, MacCallum PK, et al. Acuteexacerbations of chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease are acompaniedbyelevations of plasmafibrinogenand serum IL-6 levels. ThrombHaemost 2000; 84:210-215.
  • 26. David MG Halpin, MarcDecramer,BartolomeCelli,Steven Kesten, DachengLiu, Donald P Tashkin. Exacerbationfrequencyandcourse of COPD. International Journal of COPD 2012:7 653–661

Il-6 Levels in Induced Sputum and Serum in Acute Attack and Stable Period of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Year 2021, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 150 - 156, 15.09.2021

Abstract

Introduction: COPD is a disease characterized by chronic inflammation in the airways and increased systemic inflammation. Interleukin-6 is a major immune and inflammatory mediator.
Objective: To examine the level of IL-6, an inflammatory mediator, in induced sputum and serum of patients with COPD in the acute attack and stable period.
Materials and Methods: Thirty consecutive patients diagnosed with COPD were included in the study. In the attack and stable period, IL-6 levels were studied in the induced sputum and blood taken simultaneously. Twenty-one patients who did not have any pathological findings in terms of chest diseases were selected as the control group. ELISA kit (Bender MedSystems, Vienna, Austria) was used for IL-6 measurements and values were measured as pg/ml. Mann-Whitney U test was used for intergroup comparisons and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was used for intragroup comparisons.
Results: The serum IL-6 level in the patient group was 6.66±7.49 pg/ml in the acute attack, while it was 3.08±4.07 pg/ml in the stable period. This decrease was found to be statistically significant (p<0.005). Sputum IL-6 level did not show a statistically significant change in acute attack (3.54±2.75 pg/ml) and stable period (3.44±6.03 pg/ml). In our study, there was a negative correlation between sputum IL-6 level in acute attack and COPD year (p: 0.02, r: -0.42). A positive correlation was found between acute attack serum IL-6 level ( p:0.007,r:0.479) and stable period sputum IL-6 levels (p:0.017, r:0.429) and the number of acute attacks.
Conclusion: The high serum IL-6 level in COPD attack shows that the immune response is not only in the respiratory system, but also systemically, and supports that COPD is a systemic inflammatory disease. In our study, we could not detect any contribution of IL-6 level in induced sputum. Studies involving larger numbers of cases and evaluating multiple markers are needed.

Project Number

yoktur

References

  • 1. Vogelmeier C, Hederer B, Glaab T, et al: Tiotropiumversussalmeterolfortheprevention of exacerbations of COPD. N Engl JMed 364: 1093-1103, 2011.
  • 2. Calverley PM, Anderson JA, Celli B, et al: Salmeteroland fluticasonepropionateandsurvival in chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease. N Engl J Med 356: 775-789, 2007.
  • 3. Struik FM, Duiverman ML, Bladder G andWijkstra PJ: Effects of non-invasivepositivepressureventilation (NIPPV) in stablechronicobstructivepulmonarydisease (COPD). RespirMed COPDupdate 4: 94-100, 2008.
  • 4. O’Donnell R, Breen D, Wilson S, Djukanovic R. Inflammatorycells in theairways in COPD. Thorax.2006;61(5):448–54. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2004.024463 PMID: 16648353; PubMed CentralPMCID: PMC2111192.
  • 5. Barnes PJ. Inflammatorymechanisms in patientswithchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease. J AllergyClinImmunol. 2016; 138(1):16–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2016.05.011 PMID: 27373322.
  • 6. Eagan TM, Ueland T, Wagner PD, Hardie JA, Mollnes TE, Damas JK, et al. Systemicinflammatorymarkers in COPD: resultsfromtheBergen COPD CohortStudy. EurRespir J. 2010; 35(3):540–8.https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00088209 PMID: 19643942.
  • 7. Agusti AG, Noguera A, Sauleda J, Sala E, Pons J, Busquets X. Systemiceffects of chronicobstructive pulmonarydisease. EurRespir J. 2003; 21(2):347–60. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.03.00405703 PMID: 12608452. 8. Caramori G, Ruggeri P, DiStefano A, Mumby S, Girbino G, Adcock IM, et al. Autoimmunityand COPD: ClinicalImplications. Chest. 2018; 153(6):1424–31 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2017.10.033 PMID: 29126842.
  • 9. Anthonisen NR, Manfreda J, Warren CPW, Hersfield ES, Harding GKM, Nelson NA. Antibiotictherapy in exacerbation of chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease. AnnInternMed 1987; 106: 196-204.
  • 10. Seemungal TAR, Donaldson GC, Paul EA, et al. Effect of exacerbation on quality of patientswithchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease. Am J RespirCritCareMed 1998; 157:1418-1422.
  • 11. Bhowmik A, Seemungal TAR, Sapsford RJ, Wedzicha JA. Relation of sputuminflammatorymarkerstosymptomsandlungfunctionchanges in COPD exacerbations. Thorax 2000;55:114-120.
  • 12. Spanevello A, Confalonleri M, Sulotto F, et al. İnducedsputumcellularityreferencevalues anddistribution in normal volunteers. Am J RespirCareMed 2000;162 :1172-1174.
  • 13. Nijtsen MWN, de Groot ER, et al. Serum levels of IL-6 andacutephaseresponses. Lancet 1987; 2: 921.
  • 14. Kishimato T, Hirano T. Molecularregulation of B lymphocyteresponse. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 1988; 6: 485.
  • 15. Hirano T, Kishimato T. Interleukin-6. In: editedbyAsherson GL, Zembala M. Human Monocytes. AcademicPress, New York.1989; 100-118.
  • 16. Frederick E, Hargreave MD. İnducedsputumandresponsetoglucocorticoids. J AllergyClinİmmunol 1998;102:S102-S105.
  • 17. Bhowmik A, Seemungal TAR, Sapsford RJ, Wedzicha JA. Relation of sputuminflammatorymarkerstosymptomsandlungfunctionchanges in COPD exacerbations. Thorax 2000;55:114-120.
  • 18. D’ Ippolito R, Foresi A, Chetta A, et al. Inducedsputum in patientswithnewlydiagnosedsarcoidosis; Comprasionwithbronchialwashand BAL. Chest 1999; 115:1611-1615.
  • 19. Wilson NM, Bridge P, Spanevello A, Silverman M. Inducedsputum in children; feasibility, repeatibilityandrelation of findingstoasthmaseverity. Thorax 2000; 55:768-774
  • 20. M. Tsoumakidou, N. Tzanakis, N.M. Siafakas .Inducedsputum in the investigation of airwayinflammation of COPD. RespiratoryMedicine (2003) 97, 863–871.
  • 21.Pizzichini E, Efthimiadis A, EvansS,et al. Indices of airwayinflammation in inducedsputum : reproducibility andvalidty of cellandfluidphasemeasurements. Am J RespirCritCareMed 1996;154:308-317.
  • 22. Peleman RA, Rytila PH, Kips JC. Thecellularcomposition of inducedsputum in chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease. EurRespir J 1999;13:839-843.
  • 23. Aoran S, Angel JB, Lunau M. Granulocyteinflammatorymarkersandairwayinfectionduringacuteexacerbation of COPD. Am J RespirCritCareMed 2001; 163: 349-355.
  • 24. Wang S, Xu F, Chen Y. Detectionandsignificance of IL-6,IL-8, TNF-α in sputafrompatientswithchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease. ZhonghuaJie, He He Hu XiZaZhi 2000;23:465-467.
  • 25. Wedzicha JA, Seemungal TAR, MacCallum PK, et al. Acuteexacerbations of chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease are acompaniedbyelevations of plasmafibrinogenand serum IL-6 levels. ThrombHaemost 2000; 84:210-215.
  • 26. David MG Halpin, MarcDecramer,BartolomeCelli,Steven Kesten, DachengLiu, Donald P Tashkin. Exacerbationfrequencyandcourse of COPD. International Journal of COPD 2012:7 653–661
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects ​Internal Diseases
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Makbule Özlem Akbay 0000-0002-2459-8022

Feza Ugurman 0000-0001-9267-8326

Project Number yoktur
Publication Date September 15, 2021
Submission Date July 7, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

EndNote Akbay MÖ, Ugurman F (September 1, 2021) Il-6 Levels in Induced Sputum and Serum in Acute Attack and Stable Period of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. New Trends in Medicine Sciences 2 2 150–156.