Homam Tabrizi was one of the prominent poets and sheikhs of Iran
who lived during the Mongolian Ilkhanete period. He was born in 636/1239 in
Tabriz. The name in the tezkires is Hace Humamuddin Ala Tabrizi, his nickname
is Homam, Homamuddin, Mewlana and Hace, and his pseudonym is Homam. Saheb Diwan
Hace is a contemporary and close friend of Shamseddin Juveyni (d. 678/1284). Homam
Tabrizi had intimate relations not only with the famous vizier of the period, Shamseddin
Juveyni, but also with other members of the Juveyni family, especially with the
son of Shamseddin Juveyni and Hace Harun (d. 694/1286). In his youth, Homam
worked in state affairs, served as vizier of Azerbaijan, and went to Rum with
the assignment of Shamseddin Juveyni. Although it is
not known where he got his mystic and Islamic knowledge, it is known that he
was a friend of Kutbuddin Shrazi (d. 710/1311), where he studied with Hace Nasireddin
Tusi. His contemporaries praised him with adjectives specific to the sheikhs
and the elders of the sect, reached the upper level of Sufism, and became one
of the leading figures of Arabic and Persian poetry and writing, beautiful
calligraphy and contemporary subjects. Homam has a Diwan with Persian
and Arabic poems consisting of continental, ghazal, ode, mathnawi and rubai. Homam
praised Shamseddin Juveyni, Residuddin Fazlullah (d. 718/1318), Kutbuddin Shrazi
(d. 711/1311), Sultan Muhammad Oljayto (d. 716/1316), such as the age of Arghun
Khan, Ghazan Khan.
Ghazan Khan who is the seventh ruler of the Mongolian Ilkhanetes in
Iran, is a good commander and a fair statesman. He was the son of Arghun Khan,
one of the Ilkhanate rulers. After his father ascended the throne, he succeeded
him as the governor of Khorasan, Mazenderan, Kumis and Rey. Ghazan Khan was
supported by Ilkhanetes statesmen, especially Nevruz Bey (d. 729/1297), and was
greeted with a ceremony in Tabriz by prominent statesmen and clergy when Baydu
(d. 727/1295) lost his reign. Then he went to Karabakh and sat on the throne of
Ilkhanetes with the ceremonial ceremony. Ghazan Khan accepted the Islam with a
hundred thousand Mongol soldiers when he was twenty-three years old, the
official religion of the state has been recognized as Islam, the distinction
between public authorities and religious finished, the oppression and
oppression of the Muslim people has ended. After Arghun Khan’s death, finished
the chaos in country. Ghazan Khan have taken harsh measures to ensure peace and
security in the country, everyone kept equal to each other, he did not allow
anyone to persecute anyone else.
Homam’s praise written to Ghazan Khan consists of four verses. The
first of these is an ode of eight couplets, the second is a sixteen couplet in
a ode, the third is a fifteen couplet in a ode, and the fourth is a four
couplet verse. In Homam’s ghazal, he mentions Ghazan Khan as “World Sultan and King
of King” because he provides the trust and peace that never existed in the
country and is fair. Ghazan Khan is described in the gazel with his justice and
the peaceful management of the country. In first ode, Homam praises Ghazan Khan
and his army and says that they are “the desire of heart and the light of the
eye”. According to Homam, Ghazan Khan and his army have a soul full of sweet
and divine light. In second ode, Homam says that Ghazan Khan was the greatest queen
of the period. Homam says that Ghazan Khan was the queen of the seven
continents and that a queen like him had never been born before and would not
come. In verse, Homam says that no sultan had ever been as fair as Ilkhanetes Ghazan
Khan, and that he had not been unemployed other than the guard and guard during
his reign, and that there was no need for a guard and guard because the country
was ruled with justice. According to Homam, Ghazan Khan makes his name
mentioned in the poems of previous poets by eliminating hostility in the
country and ensuring that everyone lives friendly.
In conclusion, Homam, Ghazan Khan resembles Keyhosrev and Ferroh
with the atmosphere of peace and security in the country, Behram, Enuşirvan,
Cemşid, Feridun and Alexander with his justice, Rüstem with his warrior and
Süleyman with his seal. In addition, Homam, one of the prophets Hz. Muhammad,
among the queen Ghazan Khan was chosen by saying that he refers to the value of
God. Homam says that thanks to Ghazan Khan, the Mongolian lived in peace and
tranquility by stopping burning and plundering.
Moğol İmparatorluğunun İran’daki
İlhânlı kolunun yedinci hükümdarı olan Gâzân Hân (ö. 704/1304), iyi bir
kumandan ve âdil bir devlet adamıdır. Gâzân Hân tahta çıktıktan sonra yirmi üç
yaşında yüz bin Moğol askeriyle birlikte Müslüman olmuş, devletin resmi dini
İslam olarak kabul edilmiş, idareciler ve halk arasındaki din ayrımı ortadan
kalkarak Müslüman halka yapılan baskı ve zulümler sona ermiştir. Gâzân Hân,
Argun Hân’ın (ö. 691/1291) ölümünden sonra ülkede çıkan kargaşayı sona
erdirmiş, ülkede huzur ve güven ortamını sağlamak için sert tedbirler almış,
herkesi birbiriyle eşit tutmuş, kimsenin bir başkasına zulüm etmesine izin
vermemiştir.
Humâm-ı Tebrîzî (öl.
713/714-1313/1314), Moğol İlhânlılar’ı döneminde yaşamış, İran’ın tanınmış
şair ve şeyhlerindendir. Humâm-ı Tebrîzî, kıta, gazel, kaside, mesnevi ve rubai
nazım şekilleriyle yazdığı Dîvân’ında Farşça ve Arapça şiirler kaleme
almıştır. Şiirlerinin bir kısmında Şemsuddîn-i Sahîbdîvân, Gâzân Hân, Argun
Hân, Olcayto gibi zamanın alim ve büyüklerini övmüştür.
Humâm-ı Tebrîzî, Gâzân Hân’a methiye
Farsça bir gazel, iki kaside ve bir kıta olmak üzere dört adet şiir kaleme
almıştır. Humâm-ı Tebrîzî şiirlerinde Gâzân Hân’ın adaletinden, ülkeyi refah ve
huzur içinde yönetmesinden, ülkede var olan kargaşayı ortadan kaldırmasından,
onun ve ordusunun Müslüman olmasından bahsetmiştir.
Çalışmada Humâm-ı Tebrîzî ve Gâzân
Hân’ın hayatına kısaca değindikten sonra, Humâm-ı Tebrîzî’nin Gâzân Hân’a
yazdığı Farsça methiyeleri Türkçeye çevrilmiş ve konuları kısaca anlatılmıştır.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Language Studies |
Journal Section | Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | December 29, 2019 |
Submission Date | May 16, 2019 |
Acceptance Date | November 21, 2019 |
Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 19 Issue: 49 |