An Experimental Study on Treatment of Domestıc Wastewater By Natural Soil

Öz

In recent centuries, issues such as efficient use of water resources, water quality and water supply have become important for many countries. Countries have focused on developing strategies that can protect water and using water in the most efficient way including treatment of wastewater. In addition, it has become important to provide sustainability of the natural treatment systems instead of complex and expensive wastewater treatment facilities that are rapidly developing. On the other hand, the researches on natural treatment of wastewater are still inadequate. Therefore, the feasibility and performance of new stragtegies about natural treatment systems should be developed and evaluated. For this purpose, a pilot facility was developed which utilizes a natural soil-column with different gradations in order to provide the treatment of domestic wastewater. In this way, not only the wastewater treatment performances of different soils but also some engineering properties of soils affected by wastewater filtration were examined. As a result of this research, it was found that soil filtration can be effective in the treatment of wastewater subjected to pre-sedimentation and can be affected by the pollutant load of the filtration environment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Soil Filtration
• Wastewater Treatment
• Domestic Wastewater
• Soil Structure
• Water Quality

References

1. Rajasulochana, P. and Preethy, V., (2016). Comparison on Efficiency of Various Techniques in Treatment of Waste and Sewage water-A Comprehensive Review. Resource-Efficient Technologies, 2:175-184.
2. Seow, W.T., Lim, K.C., Nor, M.H.M., Mubarak, M.F.M., Lam, Y.C., Yahya, A., and Ibrahim, Z., (2016). Review on Wastewater Treatment Technologies. International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences, ISSN:0973-6077, 11(1):111-126.
3. Mahmood, Q., Pervez, A., Zeb, S.B., Zaffar, H., Yaqoob, H., Waseem, M., etc., (2013). Natural Treatment Systems as Sustainable Ecotechnologies for the Developing Countries. BioMed Research International, Article ID 796373, 19 pages.
4. Rozkošný, M., Kriška, M., Šálek, J., Bodík, I., and Istenič, D., (2014). Natural Technologies of Wastewater Treatment. Publisher: Global Water Partnership Central and Eastern Europe, ISBN: 978-80-214-4831-5, Pages: 138p.
5. Dawes, L. and Goonetilleke, A., (2003). An Investigation into the Role of Site and Soil Characteristics in Onsite Sewage Treatment. Environmental Geology, 44(4):467-477.
6. Dixit, A., Dixit, S., and Goswami, C.S., (2011). Process and Plants for Wastewater Remediation: A review. Sci. Rev. Chem. Commun. 11, 71-77.
7. Muralikrishna, V.I. and Manickam, V., (2017). Chapter Twelve -Wastewater Treatment Technologies. Environmental Management Science and Engineering for Industry, 249-293, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811989-1.00012-9.
8. Samer, M., (2015). Biological and Chemical Wastewater Treatment Processes. Wastewater Treatment Engineering, Books, DOI:10.5772/61250.

9. Mohamed, O.M.A. and Antia, E.H., (1998). Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol.82, 1st Edition, Imprint: Elsevier Science, ISBN: 9780080532448, 706.
10. Murugaiyan, V. and Saravanane, R., (2009). Influence of Pharmaceutical Effluent on the Physico-Chemical Behavior and Geotechnical Characteristics of Clayey and Silty Soils. International Journal of Soil, Sediment and Water, Vol.2: Iss. 3, Article 4.
11. Irfan, M., Chen, Y., Ali, M., Abrar, M., Qadri, A., and Bhutta, O., (2018). Geotechnical Properties of Effluent-Contaminated Cohesive Soils and Their Stabilization Using Industrial By-Products. Processes, 6:203, DOİ:10.3390/pr6100203.
12. Bourrie, G., (2014). Swelling Clays and Salt-Affected Soils: Demixing of Na/Ca Clays as the Rationale for Discouraging the use of Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR). Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 3:245-253.
13. Umesha, T.S., Dinesh, S.V., and Sivapullaiah, P.V., (2012). Effects of Acids on Geotechnical Properties of Black Cotton Soil, Inter. J. Geol., 6, 69–76.
14. Samsunlu, A., (2011). Çevre Mühendisliği Kimyası, Birsen Yayınevi, Kod No: Y.0029, Güncelleştirilmiş Baskı, Istanbul.
15. Özel, U.H. ve Gemici T.B., (2016). Bartın Irmağı Kirlilik Profilinin Fiziksel Parametrelerle Belirlenmesi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(1):52-58.
16. Jnad, I., (2000). Characterizing Soil Hydraulic Properties in the Drainfield of a Subsurface Drip Distribution System. Texas A&M University, Doctor of Philosophy Thesis, Civil Engineering.
17. Thomas, J.F., Gomboso, J., Oliver, J.E., and Ritchie, V.A., (1997). Wastewater Re-Use Stormwater Management and the National Water Reform Agenda. Research Position Paper 1, CSIRO Land and Water, 1997, Australia, ISSN:1329-5713, ISBN:0-643-06050-2.
18. Chen, Y. and Banin, A., (1975). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Observations of Soil Structure Changes Induced by Sodium-Calcium Exchange in Relation to Hydraulic Conductivity, Soil Science, 120, 428–436.
19. Ratnaweera, P. and Meegoda, J.N., (2006). Shear Strength and Stress-Strain Behavior of Contaminated Soils. Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol:29, No:2, DOI:10.1520/GTJ12686.
20. Karkush, M.O. and Resol, J.A.D., (2015). Studying the effects of industrial wastewater on chemical and physical properties of sandy soil. Journal of Babylon University Engineering Sciences, No(2)/Vol(23).
21. Yalvaç, E., (2011). Kilin Mühendislik Özelliklerine Atıksuların Etkisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İnşaat Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
22. Ramya, H.N., Umesha, T.S. and Lalithamba, H.S., (2018). Effect of Calcium Chloride on Geotechnical Properties of Black Cotton Soil Ramya. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, Vol:2, Issue:1, pp:1-7.
23. Stawinski, J., Wierzchos, J., and Garcia-Gonzalez, T.M., (1990). Influence of Calcium and Sodium Concentration on the Microstructure of Bentonite and Kaolin. Clays and Clay Minerals, Vol.38, No.6, 617-622.
24. Qin, W., Dou, J., Ding, A., Xie, E., and Zheng, L., (2014). A Study of Subsurface Wastewater Infiltration Systems for Distributed Rural Sewage Treatment. Environmental Technology, 35(16):2115-2121.
25. Banzhaf, S. and Hebig, H.K., (2016). Use of Column Experiments to Investigate the Fate of Organic Micropollutants - A Review. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3719–3737.
26. Lu, c., Lu, J., Zhang, Y., and Puckett, H.M., (2019). A Convenient Method to Estimate Soil Hydraulic Conductivity Using Electrical Conductivity and Soil Compaction Degree. Journal of Hydrology, 575:211–220.
27. Gutterer, B., Ulrich, A., and Reuter, S., (2009). Decentralised Wastewater Treatment Systems (DEWATS) and Sanitation in Developing Countries: A Practical Guide. WEDC, Loughborough University, Borda.
28. Tölgyessy, J., (Ed.)(1993). Chemistry and Biology of Water, Air and Soil: Environmental Aspects. Elsevier, Volume: 53, 1-858.
29. Republic of Turkey, Legislation Information System, e-Legislation. Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Wastewater Treatment Plants Technical Procedures Communiqué, Legislation No: 13873, Official Gazette Date: 20.03.2010, Official Gazette Number: 27527, https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/.
30. Xie, T. and Chengwen, W., (2012). Energy Consumption in Wastewater Treatment Plants in China. World Congress on Water, Climate and Energy, Dublin, Ireland, DOI: 10.13140/2.1.1228.9285.
31. Temizel, K.E. and Tok, S., (2019). Farklı Sodyum Adsorbsiyon Oranı Değerlerine Sahip Sulama Sularının Bazı Toprak Özelliklerine Etkisi. Iğdır Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(3):1729-1736.
32. Meegoda, J.N., Chen, B., Gunasekera, S.D., and Pederson, P., (1998). Compaction Characteristics of Contaminated Soils: Reuse as a Road Base Material. Geotechnical Special Publication, 195-209.