Kitleleri ve Şahısları Yönlendirmenin Hukuk Dışı Pratik Bir Aygıtı Olarak "Linç Kültürü": Antik Roma (Cumhuriyet Dönemi) Örneği

Öz

Modern toplumlarda örneklerine sıkça şahit olduğumuz, kişisel ya da politik nedenlerle, fiziksel ve sözlü bir surette hedefteki şahıs ve gruplara yönelmiş olan linç hareketleri, tarih boyunca birçok farklı toplum ve kültürlerde de sıkça uygulanagelen yöntemler olmuştur. Bu tarz uygulamalar ile hedefteki kişi ve grupları yok etmek veya sosyal yönden sindirmek amacı güdülmüş, halkın, siyasi grupların ve hatta devletle ilişkili kişi ve kurumların, belirlenmiş olan kanun sınırlarının dışına taşarak, kendi adaletlerini uygulamalarının ya da siyasi amaçlarını sağlamalarının kestirme bir yolu olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Toplumun koymuş olduğu normlara uymayan kişileri veya politik rakipleri linç etmek ve gözdağı vermek, Cumhuriyet Dönemi Roma’sı (Res Publica) için de özellikle devlet destekli politik şiddetin kökeninde yatan önemli bir etmen olmuştur. Günümüz bakış açısı ile ilkel ve zalimce uygulamalar olarak addedebileceğimiz bu yöntemler, antik Roma’da birçok hallerde yasal kanallara yönlendirilmiş veya atalardan kalan adetler (mos maiorum) gereği çoğu hallerde toplum katmanlarınca ve hatta resmi kurumlarca dahi kabul görmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antik Roma
• Linç
• Lapidatio
• Kamu Yararı
• Devlet Düşmanı

“Lynch Culture” as an Unlawful Practical Tool of Directing Masses and Individuals: Ancient Rome (Republican Period) Example

Abstract

The lynching movements, which are often seen in modern societies, for personal and political reasons, oriented towards individuals and groups physically or verbally, have been known in various societies and cultures throughout history. These kinds of practices, aimed at destroying or socially intimidating people and groups in the target, have emerged as a different but effective way for people and political groups to go beyond the boundaries of the defined law to provide their justice or political goals. Looting and intimidation of people or political rivals who do not comply with the norms set by society has been an essential factor in the Roman Empire of the Republican Period. It can be seen that these methods, which can be considered as primitive and cruel practices with a contemporary perspective, were referred to legal channels in ancient Rome in many cases or were accepted by the community layers and even by official institutions due to established practices (mos maiorum).

Keywords

• Ancient Rome
• Lynch
• Lapidatio
• Public Interests
• Enemy of the State

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