Research Article

The Hemithea Cult Belief in the Hellenistic Period Karia Chersonesos and Its Contributions to Regional Culture – An Archaeological Evaluation in Light of New Findings

Volume: 8 Number: 2 September 27, 2026
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The Hemithea Cult Belief in the Hellenistic Period Karia Chersonesos and Its Contributions to Regional Culture – An Archaeological Evaluation in Light of New Findings

Abstract

Located within the territory of Bybassos (Marmaris - Hisarönü), the Sanctuary of Hemithea at Kastabos (Κάσταβος) occupies a strategic natural ridge on Eren Mountain at an altitude of 275 meters. During the Late Classical and Early Hellenistic period, this sanctuary played a pivotal role in the religious, social, and political fabric of the Carian Chersonesos. This study integrates recent archaeological data with mythological, epigraphic, and architectural evidence to provide a comprehensive reassessment of the cult of Hemithea, moving beyond traditional interpretations. While the sanctuary’s primary function was a center for healing rituals—rooted in the myth of Molpadia—this research examines the site as a vital hub for regional koinon unity and social solidarity. The architectural evolution of the temple reflects a sophisticated blend of local Carian identity and the burgeoning influence of the Rhodian Peraia. Furthermore, the study explores the site’s complex economic and cultural interactions through a detailed analysis of ceramic finds and inscriptions, which highlight its role in maritime trade networks and regional connectivity. By addressing the limitations and gaps in earlier scholarship, this reappraisal offers a nuanced perspective on the cultic and political systems of ancient Caria. It demonstrates how the sanctuary functioned as a central pillar for regional identity and geopolitical stability. This holistic approach provides new insights into the socio-economic dynamics of the Rhodian-Carian frontier.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University - BAP

Project Number

SCD-2025-1061

References

  1. Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica. Library of History, Cilt II, Kitap 2.35-4.58, çev. C. H. Oldfather, Loeb Classical Library 303, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 1935.
  2. Pausanias, Hellados Periegesis (Description of Greece), 2.7.
  3. Polybios, Historiai (The Histories), V. 88.
  4. Strabo. Geographika (Geography), Books 12-14. Translated as Antik Anadolu Coğrafyası by A. Pekman. İstanbul, 2005.
  5. Bean G. E. & Akarca A. (1956). 1953 Eylül’ünde Gölenye’de (Marmaris) Yapılan Araştırma. TAD VI/2, 17-22.
  6. Bean G. E. & Cook J. M. (1957). The Carian Coast III . BSA 52, 58-146.
  7. Berthold R. M. (1984). Rhodes in the Hellenistic Age. Ithaca.
  8. Bieber M. (1961). The History of the Greek and Roman Theater. New Jersey.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Hellenistic Period Archeology

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 27, 2026

Submission Date

December 26, 2025

Acceptance Date

September 18, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 8 Number: 2

APA
Kaymakçı, S. (2026). The Hemithea Cult Belief in the Hellenistic Period Karia Chersonesos and Its Contributions to Regional Culture – An Archaeological Evaluation in Light of New Findings. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History, 8(2), 246-269. https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1849697
AMA
1.Kaymakçı S. The Hemithea Cult Belief in the Hellenistic Period Karia Chersonesos and Its Contributions to Regional Culture – An Archaeological Evaluation in Light of New Findings. OANNES. 2026;8(2):246-269. doi:10.33469/oannes.1849697
Chicago
Kaymakçı, Salih. 2026. “The Hemithea Cult Belief in the Hellenistic Period Karia Chersonesos and Its Contributions to Regional Culture – An Archaeological Evaluation in Light of New Findings”. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History 8 (2): 246-69. https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1849697.
EndNote
Kaymakçı S (September 1, 2026) The Hemithea Cult Belief in the Hellenistic Period Karia Chersonesos and Its Contributions to Regional Culture – An Archaeological Evaluation in Light of New Findings. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History 8 2 246–269.
IEEE
[1]S. Kaymakçı, “The Hemithea Cult Belief in the Hellenistic Period Karia Chersonesos and Its Contributions to Regional Culture – An Archaeological Evaluation in Light of New Findings”, OANNES, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 246–269, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.33469/oannes.1849697.
ISNAD
Kaymakçı, Salih. “The Hemithea Cult Belief in the Hellenistic Period Karia Chersonesos and Its Contributions to Regional Culture – An Archaeological Evaluation in Light of New Findings”. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History 8/2 (September 1, 2026): 246-269. https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1849697.
JAMA
1.Kaymakçı S. The Hemithea Cult Belief in the Hellenistic Period Karia Chersonesos and Its Contributions to Regional Culture – An Archaeological Evaluation in Light of New Findings. OANNES. 2026;8:246–269.
MLA
Kaymakçı, Salih. “The Hemithea Cult Belief in the Hellenistic Period Karia Chersonesos and Its Contributions to Regional Culture – An Archaeological Evaluation in Light of New Findings”. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History, vol. 8, no. 2, Sept. 2026, pp. 246-69, doi:10.33469/oannes.1849697.
Vancouver
1.Salih Kaymakçı. The Hemithea Cult Belief in the Hellenistic Period Karia Chersonesos and Its Contributions to Regional Culture – An Archaeological Evaluation in Light of New Findings. OANNES. 2026 Sep. 1;8(2):246-69. doi:10.33469/oannes.1849697

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