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Erken Neolitik Çağ’da Yapı Kültü

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 517 - 544, 29.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1315473

Abstract

İnsanlığın var oluşundan günümüze kadar bir inanç sistemine sahip olduğu bilinmektedir, ancak Neolitik Çağ öncesine ait dönemlerde bu inanç sistemlerinin somut verileri neredeyse yok denecek kadar azdır. Neolitik Çağ’da ise durum daha farklılaşmaya ve somutlaşmaya başlamaktadır. Özellikle yerleşik hayata geçmeye başlayan topluluklar inançsal sistemlerini daha iyi göstermeye başlamış ve hatta neredeyse her alanda bunu yansıtmışlardır. Daha çok sembolik olarak tanımlanan bu Neolitik Çağ inanç sistemlerini mimarilerde, özel/günlük eşyalarda, ölü gömmelerde ve soyut kavramlarda kullanılmıştır. Bu inanç sistemlerinden biri de, Erken Neolitik Çağ yerleşiminde bulunan bir binanın tören, kurban ve farklı etkinliklerle gömülmesi ritüelidir. Bu durum Yakındoğu’da bulunan ve Erken Neolitik Çağ’a tarihlendirilen neredeyse tüm yerleşimlerde karşılaşılmış bir uygulamadır. “Yapı Kültü” olarak tanımlanan bu uygulamanın özellikle bu erken dönem yerleşimlerinde bulunan özel binalar olarak tanımlanan “Kamu/Kült” yapılarına uygulandığı görülmektedir. Tıpkı bir insan gibi bu yapıların temizlendiği, yapı içinde taşınabilir heykel, dikme/stel gibi öğelerin alındığı (varsa yeni yapıda kullanılmak üzere) ve bazı örneklerde hayvan veya insan kurbanlarına ait izlerin bırakıldığı görülmektedir. Bu ön ritüellerden sonra ise eski yapının yeni bir yapıyla kapatıldığı ya da tamamen toprak, taş ve atıl durumda olan malzemelerle doldurulduğu görülmektedir. Az olmasına rağmen bazı örneklerde yapının yakıldığı ve sonrasında yeni yapı ile kaplandığı ya da tamamen doldurulduğu da görülmektedir. Bölgesel farklılıklar olmasına karşın temelde bu işlem aynı amaçla ve aynı yapılara uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışma bahsi geçen bu uygulamanın nedenlerini, uygulama alanlarını, bölgesel ya da yerel benzerlikleri ile farklılıklarını ele almakla birlikte inançsal özelliklere de değinerek Erken Neolitik Çağ’ın bazı bilinmeyenlerine cevap aramaktadır.

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Cult of Building in the Early Neolithic Age

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 517 - 544, 29.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1315473

Abstract

It is known that mankind has had a belief system since the beginning of its existence, but the concrete data of these belief systems in the periods before the Neolithic Age are almost non-existent. In the Neolithic Age, the situation starts to become more differentiated and concrete. Especially the communities that began to settle down started to show their belief systems better and even reflected them in almost every field. These Neolithic belief systems, which are mostly defined as symbolic, were used in architectures, special/everyday objects, burial of the dead and abstract concepts. One of these belief systems is the ritual of burying a building found in an Early Neolithic settlement with ceremonies, sacrifices and different activities. This is a practice encountered in almost all settlements dated to the Early Neolithic Age in the Near East. It is observed that this practice, which is defined as "Building Cult", was applied especially to "Public/Cult" buildings, which are defined as private buildings in these early settlements. It is observed that these buildings were cleaned just like a human being, items such as portable sculptures, pillars/steles were taken (to be used in the new building, if any) and traces of animal or human sacrifices were left in some examples. After these preliminary rituals, it is observed that the old structure is covered with a new structure or completely filled with earth, stone and inert materials. Although it is rare, it is also seen in some examples that the building was burnt and then covered with a new structure or completely filled. Although there are regional differences, this process is basically applied for the same purpose and to the same buildings. This study analyses the reasons for this practice, the areas of application, regional or local similarities and differences, as well as the religious characteristics and seeks answers to some of the unknowns of the Early Neolithic Age.

References

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  • COQUEUGNIOT, E., 2011. “Des Peintures Dans Un Bâtiment Communautaire Du Néolithique Précéramique (Vers 9000 Av. J.-C.) À Dja’de (Syrie) : Nature, Insertion Dans L’architecture Et Tentative D’interprétation”. Papers, XXIV, Valcamonica Symposium 2011, 151-156.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Archaeological Science, Neolithic Age Archeology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Yunus Çiftçi 0000-0001-5547-7613

Early Pub Date September 24, 2023
Publication Date September 29, 2023
Submission Date June 16, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

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APA Çiftçi, Y. (2023). Erken Neolitik Çağ’da Yapı Kültü. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History, 5(2), 517-544. https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1315473
AMA Çiftçi Y. Erken Neolitik Çağ’da Yapı Kültü. OANNES. September 2023;5(2):517-544. doi:10.33469/oannes.1315473
Chicago Çiftçi, Yunus. “Erken Neolitik Çağ’da Yapı Kültü”. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History 5, no. 2 (September 2023): 517-44. https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1315473.
EndNote Çiftçi Y (September 1, 2023) Erken Neolitik Çağ’da Yapı Kültü. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History 5 2 517–544.
IEEE Y. Çiftçi, “Erken Neolitik Çağ’da Yapı Kültü”, OANNES, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 517–544, 2023, doi: 10.33469/oannes.1315473.
ISNAD Çiftçi, Yunus. “Erken Neolitik Çağ’da Yapı Kültü”. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History 5/2 (September 2023), 517-544. https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1315473.
JAMA Çiftçi Y. Erken Neolitik Çağ’da Yapı Kültü. OANNES. 2023;5:517–544.
MLA Çiftçi, Yunus. “Erken Neolitik Çağ’da Yapı Kültü”. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History, vol. 5, no. 2, 2023, pp. 517-44, doi:10.33469/oannes.1315473.
Vancouver Çiftçi Y. Erken Neolitik Çağ’da Yapı Kültü. OANNES. 2023;5(2):517-44.

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