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Three Inscriptions from Cibyra

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 387 - 399, 25.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1422174

Abstract

The aim of this article is to introduce three newly discovered inscriptions from Cibyra, an ancient city located within the borders of Burdur Province, Türkiye. These inscriptions were found during excavations in the area known as Agora Teras I. Several inscriptions, particularly from the Hellenistic period, are present on the wall of the Agora. Two of the inscriptions presented here (nos. 1 and 3) were also found on this wall. The first inscription (no. 1) is an honorary inscription dedicated to a priest of Apollo, dated to the third century AD. The second inscription (no. 2) is a graffito, an acclamation carved on a column belonging to the stoa. Lastly, the third is a fragment of a votive inscription addressed to Zeus Soter. Both Zeus Soter and Apollo were prominent deities in Cibyra. The worship of Apollo in Cibyra is known from literary sources dating back to the Hellenistic period, while Zeus Soter appears in Cibyra from the second quarter of the first century AD. These two deities also feature on coins minted in Cibyra. Additionally, for the first time, the goddess Tyche is attested alone. According to the graffito, she was invoked to bring abundance to a shop.

References

  • BECEREN, N., 2018. Kibyratis ve Çevresi Kaya Kabartmaları, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Burdur.
  • CCIS II LANE, E. N., 1985. Corpus Cultus Iovis Sabazii, Vol. II: The Other Monements and Literary Evidence, Brill, Leiden 1985.
  • CHRISTOF, E., 2001. Das Glück der Stadt: Die Tyche von Antiochia, Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main.
  • CIG Corpus inscriptionum Graecarum. Berlin 1828-1877.
  • ÇİMEN, M., 2011. Lykaonia Bölgesi Süvari Betimlemeleri, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Konya.
  • COLLIGNON, M., 1878. “Inscriptions de Cibyra”, BCH, 2, pp. 593-614.
  • COOK, A. B., 1914. Zeus-A Study in Ancient Religion, volume I, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • COOK, A. B., 1925. Zeus-A Study in Ancient Religion, volume II, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • COOK, A. B., 1940. Zeus-A Study in Ancient Religion, volume III (Part I & II), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • CORSTEN, T. – DREW-BEAR, T. – ÖZSAİT, M., 1998. “Forschungen in der Kibyratis”, EpigAnat, 30, pp. 47-78.
  • CORSTEN, T., 2015. “An Inscription from Çavdır in the Burdur Museum and the Persistence of Ancient Place Names”, Pisidia Yazıları Hacı Ali Ekinci Armağanı, Ed.: B. Ayça Polat Becks – Hüseyin Metin – Murat Fırat – Ralf Becks, Ege Yayınları, İstanbul, pp. 7-12.
  • DELEMEN, İ., 1999. Anatolian Rider-Gods: A Study on Stone Finds from the Regions of Lycia, Pisidia, Isauria, Lycaonia, Phrygia, Lydia and Caria in the Late Roman Period, Rudolf Habelt, Bonn.
  • DÖKÜ, F. E. – KAYA, M. C., 2013. “The Architecture and Function of the Stadium of Kibyra”, Adalya, 16, pp. 177-202.
  • DÖKÜ, F. E. – KİLECİ, Ş., 2022. “Ares Reliefs and a New Votive Inscription to Ares in the Rural Highlands of Kabalis / Kabalia”, Adalya, 25, pp. 103-122.
  • DÖKÜ, F. E. – KİLECİ, Ş., 2023. “Rock Reliefs of Zeus and his Thunderbolt in the High Plateau Settlements of Kabalis / Kabalia”, Anadolu / Anatolia, 49, pp. 73-96. DOI: 10.36891/anatolia.1347969
  • DÖKÜ, F. E., 2014. “2013 Yılı Uylupınar (Erken Kibyra) Yerleşimi Yüzey Araştırması / 2013 Surveys at Uylupınar Settlement (Early Kibyra)”, ANMED, 12, pp. 230-236.
  • DÖKÜ, F. E., 2019. “2017 Yılı Uylupınar (Erken Kibyra) Yüzey Araştırması Raporu”, AST, 36/1, pp. 513-530.
  • DÖKÜ, F. E., 2020. “Uylupınar (Erken Kibyra) Yüzey Araştırmaları 2018 Yılı Raporu”, Phaselis, 6, pp. 217-235. Doi: 10.18367/Pha.20014
  • ESTIENNE, H., 1831-1856. Θησαυρὸς τῆς Ἑλληνικῆς Γλώσσης / Thesaurus Graecae Linguae, Instituti Franciae Typographus, Parisiis.
  • FONTENROSE, J., 1988. Didyma, Apollo’s Oracle, Cult, and Companions, University of California Press, London.
  • GRAF, F., 2017, “Theoi Soteres”, Archiv Für Religionsgeschichte, 18-19/1, pp. 239-253.
  • HILL, G. F., 1895. “Inscriptions from Lycia and Pisidia Copied by Daniell and Fellows”, JHS, 15, pp. 116-131. Doi: 10.2307/624063
  • I.Kibyra CORSTEN, T., 2002. Die Inschriften von Kibyra. Teil I: Die Inschriften der Stadt und ihrer näheren Umgebung. IGSK 60. Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn.
  • IAph2007 REYNOLDS, J. – ROUECHÉ, C. – BODARD, G., 2007. Inscriptions of Aphrodisias. Url: <http://insaph.kcl.ac.uk/iaph2007>
  • IGR CAGNAT, R. (ed.), 1901-1927. Inscriptiones graecae ad res romanas pertinentes. Paris.
  • KİLECİ, Ş. – TÜNER ÖNEN, N., 2023. “Restoration Works in Kibyra during the Claudian Period: New Inscriptions, τὰ σεβαστὰ ἔργα of the Lycian Governor Quintus Veranius and New Inscriptions Concerning His Family”, New Research on Greek Epigraphy in Lycia. Proceedings of the Symposium at Antalya, Türkiye. 28-30 March 2022, Ed.: Fatih Onur – Christof Schuler, İstanbul, pp. 123-141.
  • KİLECİ, Ş., 2019. “Perge’den Rahip Apollonios’un Zeus Soter’e Adağı”, Cedrus, 7, pp. 557-573. Doi: 10.13113/CED RUS/201925
  • LAMINGER-PASCHER, G., 1984. Beiträge zu den griechischen Inschriften Lykaoniens, Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien.
  • LGPN V.C FRASER, P. M. – MATTHEWS, E. (Eds.), 2010. A Lexicon of Greek Personal Names V.C: Inland Asia Minor, OUP, Oxford.
  • LSJ LIDDELL, H. G. – SCOTT, R., 1996. A Greek-English Lexicon, with a revised supplement (revised and supplemented by Jones, HS), Clarendon Press, Oxford.
  • MAMA Monumenta Asiae Minoris Antiqua, I-XI. London 1928-2013.
  • MEIER, L., 2020. Kibyra in hellenistischer Zeit, Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, Wien.
  • MILNER, N. P., 1998. An Epigraphical Survey in the Kibyra - Olbasa Region, Conducted by A. S. Hall. The British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara (B.I.A.A.) Monograph 24, British Institute at Ankara, Oxford.
  • ÖZÜDOĞRU, Ş., 2020. KIBYRA: Kibyra Maior/Caesarea Cibyra. Kibyra Kazı ve Araştırmaları Monografi Serisi I. Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • PETERSEN, E. – VON LUSCHAN, F., 1889. Reisen in Lykien, Milyas und Kibyratis. Carl Gerold’s Sohn, Wien.
  • RAMSAY, W. M., 1895. The Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia, being an Essay of the Local History of Phrygia from the Earliest Times to the Turkish Conquest. Vol. 1. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
  • REYNOLDS, J. M. – ROUECHÉ C., 2007. “The Inscriptions”, Girlanden-Sarkophage aus Aphrodisias, Ed.: Fahri Işık, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein, pp. 147-192.
  • RG T.C. Resmî Gazete. Anayasa Mahkemesi, 27 Şubat 1953 tarih ve 6068 sayılı Kanun (Yeniden 22 Kaza Kurul¬ması Hakkında Kanun), RG, 3 Mart 1953, Sayı 8349. Url: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/ 8349.pdf
  • ROBERT, L., 1937. Études Anatoliennes. Recherches sur les Inscriptions Grecques de l’Asie Mineure, de Boccard, Paris.
  • ROBERT, L., 1955. Hellenica. Vol. 10. De Boccard, Paris.
  • ŞAHİN, S., 1996. “Perge Kentinin Kurucuları ve Plancia Magna”, Adalya, 1, pp. 45-52.
  • SARRE, F. P. T., 1896. “Reise in Phrygien, Lykaonien und Pisidien”, Archäologisch-epigraphische Mitteilungen aus Österreich-Ungarn, 19, pp. 26-57. DOI: 10.11588/diglit.12266#0036
  • SCHERF, J., 2010. “Tyche”, Brill’s New Pauly, B. 15, Ed.: Hubert Cancik – Helmuth Schneider, Brill, Leiden – Boston, pp. 51-53.
  • SEG Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum. Leiden 1923 –.
  • TAM Tituli Asiae Minoris. Vindobonae 1901 –.
  • TARKAN, D., 2011. Kibyra Kabartmalı Sunakları: Tip, Biçem ve Atölye, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Antalya.
  • BMC Phrygia HEAD, B. V., 1906, A Catalogue of Greek Coins in the British Museum, Phrygia. London. Numismatik Naumann (formerly Gitbud & Naumann). Url: https://www.biddr.com/auctions/numismatik naumann
  • SNG Cop Phrygia Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Denmark, The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum. Copenhagen, 1942-1979.
  • SNG Tübingen Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, Münzsammlung Universität Tübingen. Berlin, 1981-.
  • SNG von Aulock Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, Sammlung Hans von Aulock. Berlin, 1957-1967.
  • RPC Roman Provincial Coinage. Url: https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/

Kibyra'dan Üç Yazıt

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 387 - 399, 25.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1422174

Abstract

Bu makale Türkiye’nin Burdur ili sınırları içerisinde konumlanan Kibyra antik ken-tinde bulunan üç yeni yazıtı tanıtmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu yazıtlar Agora Teras I olarak adlandırılan alandaki kazılar sıra-sında keşfedilmiştir. Agora'nın duvarında özellikle Helenistik döneme ait çok sayıda yazıt bulunmaktadır ve burada sunulan yazıtlardan ikisi (no. 1 ve 3) de Agora'nın duvarında bulunmuştur. İlk yazıt (no. 1) Apollon’un bir rahibi için yazılan onurlan-dırma metni olup MS üçüncü yüzyıla tarih¬lendirilmektedir. Sonraki yazıt (no. 2) bir acclamatio içermekte olup Agora duvarı önünde duran stoaya ait bir sütunun üze-rine kazınmış grafitidir. Sonuncusu ise Zeus Soter’e hitaben yazılmış bir adak ya-zıtı parçasıdır. Bu tanrılardan Zeus Soter ve Apollon Kibyra’nın başlıca tanrıları ara-sında yer almaktadır. Apollon inancı edebi kaynaklardan bilinmekte ve Hellenistik dö-neme kadar uzanmaktadır. Zeus Soter ise MS birinci yüzyılın ikinci çeyreğinden sonra Kibyra’da görülmektedir. Bu iki tanrı aynı zamanda Kibyra’da basılan sikkeler üze¬rinde de yer almaktadır. Tykhe ise tek başına ilk kez belgelenmiştir ve grafitiye göre Agora’daki bir dükkana bereket getirmesi için dua edil¬miştir.

Thanks

I am grateful to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Şükrü Özüdoğru, the director of the excavations at Cibyra, for his permission for the publication of this work, and to the excavation committee of Cibyra for their efforts in the field.

References

  • BECEREN, N., 2018. Kibyratis ve Çevresi Kaya Kabartmaları, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Burdur.
  • CCIS II LANE, E. N., 1985. Corpus Cultus Iovis Sabazii, Vol. II: The Other Monements and Literary Evidence, Brill, Leiden 1985.
  • CHRISTOF, E., 2001. Das Glück der Stadt: Die Tyche von Antiochia, Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main.
  • CIG Corpus inscriptionum Graecarum. Berlin 1828-1877.
  • ÇİMEN, M., 2011. Lykaonia Bölgesi Süvari Betimlemeleri, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Konya.
  • COLLIGNON, M., 1878. “Inscriptions de Cibyra”, BCH, 2, pp. 593-614.
  • COOK, A. B., 1914. Zeus-A Study in Ancient Religion, volume I, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • COOK, A. B., 1925. Zeus-A Study in Ancient Religion, volume II, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • COOK, A. B., 1940. Zeus-A Study in Ancient Religion, volume III (Part I & II), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • CORSTEN, T. – DREW-BEAR, T. – ÖZSAİT, M., 1998. “Forschungen in der Kibyratis”, EpigAnat, 30, pp. 47-78.
  • CORSTEN, T., 2015. “An Inscription from Çavdır in the Burdur Museum and the Persistence of Ancient Place Names”, Pisidia Yazıları Hacı Ali Ekinci Armağanı, Ed.: B. Ayça Polat Becks – Hüseyin Metin – Murat Fırat – Ralf Becks, Ege Yayınları, İstanbul, pp. 7-12.
  • DELEMEN, İ., 1999. Anatolian Rider-Gods: A Study on Stone Finds from the Regions of Lycia, Pisidia, Isauria, Lycaonia, Phrygia, Lydia and Caria in the Late Roman Period, Rudolf Habelt, Bonn.
  • DÖKÜ, F. E. – KAYA, M. C., 2013. “The Architecture and Function of the Stadium of Kibyra”, Adalya, 16, pp. 177-202.
  • DÖKÜ, F. E. – KİLECİ, Ş., 2022. “Ares Reliefs and a New Votive Inscription to Ares in the Rural Highlands of Kabalis / Kabalia”, Adalya, 25, pp. 103-122.
  • DÖKÜ, F. E. – KİLECİ, Ş., 2023. “Rock Reliefs of Zeus and his Thunderbolt in the High Plateau Settlements of Kabalis / Kabalia”, Anadolu / Anatolia, 49, pp. 73-96. DOI: 10.36891/anatolia.1347969
  • DÖKÜ, F. E., 2014. “2013 Yılı Uylupınar (Erken Kibyra) Yerleşimi Yüzey Araştırması / 2013 Surveys at Uylupınar Settlement (Early Kibyra)”, ANMED, 12, pp. 230-236.
  • DÖKÜ, F. E., 2019. “2017 Yılı Uylupınar (Erken Kibyra) Yüzey Araştırması Raporu”, AST, 36/1, pp. 513-530.
  • DÖKÜ, F. E., 2020. “Uylupınar (Erken Kibyra) Yüzey Araştırmaları 2018 Yılı Raporu”, Phaselis, 6, pp. 217-235. Doi: 10.18367/Pha.20014
  • ESTIENNE, H., 1831-1856. Θησαυρὸς τῆς Ἑλληνικῆς Γλώσσης / Thesaurus Graecae Linguae, Instituti Franciae Typographus, Parisiis.
  • FONTENROSE, J., 1988. Didyma, Apollo’s Oracle, Cult, and Companions, University of California Press, London.
  • GRAF, F., 2017, “Theoi Soteres”, Archiv Für Religionsgeschichte, 18-19/1, pp. 239-253.
  • HILL, G. F., 1895. “Inscriptions from Lycia and Pisidia Copied by Daniell and Fellows”, JHS, 15, pp. 116-131. Doi: 10.2307/624063
  • I.Kibyra CORSTEN, T., 2002. Die Inschriften von Kibyra. Teil I: Die Inschriften der Stadt und ihrer näheren Umgebung. IGSK 60. Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn.
  • IAph2007 REYNOLDS, J. – ROUECHÉ, C. – BODARD, G., 2007. Inscriptions of Aphrodisias. Url: <http://insaph.kcl.ac.uk/iaph2007>
  • IGR CAGNAT, R. (ed.), 1901-1927. Inscriptiones graecae ad res romanas pertinentes. Paris.
  • KİLECİ, Ş. – TÜNER ÖNEN, N., 2023. “Restoration Works in Kibyra during the Claudian Period: New Inscriptions, τὰ σεβαστὰ ἔργα of the Lycian Governor Quintus Veranius and New Inscriptions Concerning His Family”, New Research on Greek Epigraphy in Lycia. Proceedings of the Symposium at Antalya, Türkiye. 28-30 March 2022, Ed.: Fatih Onur – Christof Schuler, İstanbul, pp. 123-141.
  • KİLECİ, Ş., 2019. “Perge’den Rahip Apollonios’un Zeus Soter’e Adağı”, Cedrus, 7, pp. 557-573. Doi: 10.13113/CED RUS/201925
  • LAMINGER-PASCHER, G., 1984. Beiträge zu den griechischen Inschriften Lykaoniens, Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien.
  • LGPN V.C FRASER, P. M. – MATTHEWS, E. (Eds.), 2010. A Lexicon of Greek Personal Names V.C: Inland Asia Minor, OUP, Oxford.
  • LSJ LIDDELL, H. G. – SCOTT, R., 1996. A Greek-English Lexicon, with a revised supplement (revised and supplemented by Jones, HS), Clarendon Press, Oxford.
  • MAMA Monumenta Asiae Minoris Antiqua, I-XI. London 1928-2013.
  • MEIER, L., 2020. Kibyra in hellenistischer Zeit, Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, Wien.
  • MILNER, N. P., 1998. An Epigraphical Survey in the Kibyra - Olbasa Region, Conducted by A. S. Hall. The British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara (B.I.A.A.) Monograph 24, British Institute at Ankara, Oxford.
  • ÖZÜDOĞRU, Ş., 2020. KIBYRA: Kibyra Maior/Caesarea Cibyra. Kibyra Kazı ve Araştırmaları Monografi Serisi I. Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • PETERSEN, E. – VON LUSCHAN, F., 1889. Reisen in Lykien, Milyas und Kibyratis. Carl Gerold’s Sohn, Wien.
  • RAMSAY, W. M., 1895. The Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia, being an Essay of the Local History of Phrygia from the Earliest Times to the Turkish Conquest. Vol. 1. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
  • REYNOLDS, J. M. – ROUECHÉ C., 2007. “The Inscriptions”, Girlanden-Sarkophage aus Aphrodisias, Ed.: Fahri Işık, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein, pp. 147-192.
  • RG T.C. Resmî Gazete. Anayasa Mahkemesi, 27 Şubat 1953 tarih ve 6068 sayılı Kanun (Yeniden 22 Kaza Kurul¬ması Hakkında Kanun), RG, 3 Mart 1953, Sayı 8349. Url: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/ 8349.pdf
  • ROBERT, L., 1937. Études Anatoliennes. Recherches sur les Inscriptions Grecques de l’Asie Mineure, de Boccard, Paris.
  • ROBERT, L., 1955. Hellenica. Vol. 10. De Boccard, Paris.
  • ŞAHİN, S., 1996. “Perge Kentinin Kurucuları ve Plancia Magna”, Adalya, 1, pp. 45-52.
  • SARRE, F. P. T., 1896. “Reise in Phrygien, Lykaonien und Pisidien”, Archäologisch-epigraphische Mitteilungen aus Österreich-Ungarn, 19, pp. 26-57. DOI: 10.11588/diglit.12266#0036
  • SCHERF, J., 2010. “Tyche”, Brill’s New Pauly, B. 15, Ed.: Hubert Cancik – Helmuth Schneider, Brill, Leiden – Boston, pp. 51-53.
  • SEG Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum. Leiden 1923 –.
  • TAM Tituli Asiae Minoris. Vindobonae 1901 –.
  • TARKAN, D., 2011. Kibyra Kabartmalı Sunakları: Tip, Biçem ve Atölye, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Antalya.
  • BMC Phrygia HEAD, B. V., 1906, A Catalogue of Greek Coins in the British Museum, Phrygia. London. Numismatik Naumann (formerly Gitbud & Naumann). Url: https://www.biddr.com/auctions/numismatik naumann
  • SNG Cop Phrygia Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Denmark, The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum. Copenhagen, 1942-1979.
  • SNG Tübingen Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, Münzsammlung Universität Tübingen. Berlin, 1981-.
  • SNG von Aulock Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, Sammlung Hans von Aulock. Berlin, 1957-1967.
  • RPC Roman Provincial Coinage. Url: https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Latin and Classical Greek Languages, Archaeology (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Şenkal Kileci 0000-0002-0281-7407

Publication Date September 25, 2024
Submission Date January 18, 2024
Acceptance Date September 23, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kileci, Ş. (2024). Three Inscriptions from Cibyra. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History, 6(2), 387-399. https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1422174
AMA Kileci Ş. Three Inscriptions from Cibyra. OANNES. September 2024;6(2):387-399. doi:10.33469/oannes.1422174
Chicago Kileci, Şenkal. “Three Inscriptions from Cibyra”. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History 6, no. 2 (September 2024): 387-99. https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1422174.
EndNote Kileci Ş (September 1, 2024) Three Inscriptions from Cibyra. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History 6 2 387–399.
IEEE Ş. Kileci, “Three Inscriptions from Cibyra”, OANNES, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 387–399, 2024, doi: 10.33469/oannes.1422174.
ISNAD Kileci, Şenkal. “Three Inscriptions from Cibyra”. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History 6/2 (September 2024), 387-399. https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1422174.
JAMA Kileci Ş. Three Inscriptions from Cibyra. OANNES. 2024;6:387–399.
MLA Kileci, Şenkal. “Three Inscriptions from Cibyra”. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History, vol. 6, no. 2, 2024, pp. 387-99, doi:10.33469/oannes.1422174.
Vancouver Kileci Ş. Three Inscriptions from Cibyra. OANNES. 2024;6(2):387-99.

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