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Enūma Anu-Enlil’de Geçen Bazı Güneş Kehanetleri ile İlgili Yorumlar

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 569 - 588, 25.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1486753

Abstract

Antik Mezopotamya’da Eski Babil döneminden itibaren yazılan Enūma Anu-Enlil, En önemli göksel inceleme ve kehanet serilerindendir. Bu seri 70 tabletten ve yaklaşık 7000 kehanetten oluşmaktadır. Kehanetler, gök cisimleri ve takımyıldızları ile ilgilidir. Bunlar; Ay/Nann Suen-Sin, Güneş/Utu-Šamaš, Venüs/İnanna-İştar, Jüpiter/Marduk, Mars/Nergal, Merkür/Nabu, Ninurta/Satürn, İşkur/Adad’tır. Bu serideki önemli kehanet bölümlerinden bir tanesi Güneş veya Utu/Šamaš ile ilgili kehanetlerdir. Utu/Šamaš, antik Mezopotamya inanışlarında Güneş tanrısıdır. Serinin 23-30 arası 8 tableti Güneş ile ilgili kehanetleri barındırır. Kehanetler genel olarak; Güneşin doğuşundaki veya batışındaki pozisyonu, diğer gezegen ve takımyıldızları ile birleşimi veya yakınlığı/uzaklığı, Güneşin rengi, Güneşin ışıklarının rengi ve Güneşin bulutlar veya bulut kümeleri ile doğuşu veya batışı ile ilgilidir.
Antik Mezopotamya kâhinleri, kehanette bulunurken koşullu ve sonuçlu cümleler kullanmışlardır. Kehanette bulunmalarının sebebi ise hem dini hem de gelecekten haberdar olma isteğidir. Babil Yaratılış Destanı Enūma Eliš’te tanrı Marduk, Tiamat’ı öldürdükten sonra tanrılara ve tanrıçalara gezegenler veya istasyonlar vermiştir. Bu gezegenler bir bakıma tanrıların bir tezahürü sayılmıştır. Bu bağlamda dönemin insanına göre gezegenlerin hareketleri tanrılardan bir mesaj olarak algılanmıştır. Çoğu Kehanetin gerçekleşme ihtimali bilimsel olarak neredeyse imkânsızdır. Fakat dönemin siyasi, kültürel, sosyal ve ekonomik hayatı ile ilgili önemli bilgilere kehanetlerden ulaşmak mümkündür. Öte yandan antik Mezopotamya kâhinleri, kehanetleri toplumu kontrol ve itaat altında tutmanın bir yolu olarak kullanmışlardır.

References

  • ALOMIA, K.M., 1987. Lesser Gods of the Ancient Near East and Some Comparisons With Heavenly Beings of the Old Testament, Andrews University Seventh-Day Adventist Theological Seminary, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Michigan.
  • ANNUS, A., 2010. “On the Beginnings and Continuities of Omen Sciences in the Ancient World”, Divination and Interpretation of Signs in the Ancient World, Ed.: Amar Annus, The Oriental Institue of the University of Chicago, Chicago-Illinois, ss. 1–18.
  • ANNUS, A., 2002. The God Ninurta: In the Mythology and Royal Ideology of Ancient Mesopotamia, The Neo Assyrian Text Corpus Project, Helsinki.
  • BAYSAL, A.S., Asurlular’da Tarih Yazımı ve Takvim Sistemi, Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Kayseri.
  • BÜLBÜL, C., 2010. “Amurru Göçleri ve Amurruların Eski Önasya Tarihindeki Rolleri”, Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 29/48, ss.29–49.
  • CIFUENTES, E.Q., 2024. “Mesopotamian Astrology About Elam: An Introductory Overview”, Hunara 2/1, ss. 59–71.
  • DİLEK, Y., 2023. “Antik Mezopotamya Sosyal Düzeninde Demonlar: Pazuzu ve Lamaštu Paradoksu”, History Studies, 15/3, ss. 551–61.
  • DUMAN, H., 2022. “Eski Çağ Mezopotamya İnanışlarında Gök Hiyerofanisi”, Kulmira, 3/1, ss. 37–43.
  • DUMAN, H., 2021. Eski Çağ Mezopotamya İnançlarında Gök Hiyerofanisi ve Yunan Dünyasına Etkisi, Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Kayseri.
  • ESPAK, P., 2006. Ancient Near Eastern Gods Enki and Ea : Diachronical Analysis of Texts and Images from the Earliest Sources to the Neo-Sumerian Period, Tartu University, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Tartu.
  • ERDEM, F., 2020. Eski Mezopotamya'da Kehanet Geleneği, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Denizli.
  • FINCKE, J.C., 2013. “The Solar Eclipse Omen Texts from Enuma Anu Enlil”, Biblioteca Orientalis, 5/6, ss.581–608.
  • FRAHM, E., 2010. “Reading The Tablet, the Exta, and the Body: The Hermeneutics of Cuneiform Signs in Babylonian and Assyrian Text Commentaries and Divinatory Texts”, Divination and Interpretation of Signs in the Ancient World, Ed.: Amar Annus, The Oriental Institue of the University of Chicago, Chicago-Illinois, ss. 93–141.
  • FRAYNE, D.R. - Stuckey, J.H., 2021. A Handbook of Gods and Goddesses of the Ancient Near East: Three Thousand Deities of Anatolia, Syria, Israel, Sumer, Babylonia And Elam, Eisenbrauns, Pennysylvania.
  • FRAZER, J.G., 1926. The Worship of Nature, Macmillan Publishing Company, London.
  • LEICK, G., 1991. A Dictionary of Ancient Near Eastern Mythology, Routledge Press, New York.
  • HEIMPEL, W., 1986. “The Sun at Night and the Doors of Heaven in Babylonian Texts”, Journal of Cuneiform Studies, 38/2, ss. 127–51.
  • HOROWITZ, W., 1998. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography, Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake Indiana.
  • HUNGER, H., 1992. Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings, Helsinki University Press, Helsinki.
  • HUNGER, H. - Pingree, D., 1999. Astral Science in Mesopotamia, Brill, Leiden.
  • JACOBSEN, T., 2017. Karanlığın Hazineleri: Mezopotamya Dininin Tarihi, Çev.: Sibel Erduman, Paris Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • KAÇAR, A., 2018. “Yazılı Kaynaklara Göre Subartu ve Subarlılar”, Archivum Anatolicum, 12/1, ss. 31–48.
  • KASAK, E. - Raul V., 2001. “Understanding Planets in Ancient Mesopotamia”, Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore, 16, ss. 7–34.
  • KOCH-WESTENHOLZ, U., 1995. Mesopotamian Astrology: An Introduction to Babylonian and Assyrian Celestial Divination, the Carsten Niebuhr Institue of Near Eastern Studies Museum Tusculanium Press, Cobenhagen.
  • KURT, M. - Bulut, E., 2019. “Enlil Kültünün Mezopotamya Toplumlarının Siyasal ve Sosyokültürel Yapısına Etkisi”, Mezopotamya’nın Eski Çağlarında İnanç Olgusu ve Yönetim Anlayışı, Ed.: L. Gürkan Gökçek - Ercüment Yıldırım - Okay Pekşen, Değişim Yayınları, İstanbul, ss. 161–92.
  • LAMBERT, W.G., 1997. “Sumerian Gods: Combining the Evidence of Texts and Art”, Sumerian Gods and Their Representations, Ed.: Irvin L. Finkel - Mark J. Geller, Styx Publications, Groningen, ss. 1–10.
  • LURKER, M., 2004. The Routledge Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Routledge Press, New York.
  • MAUL, S.M., 1999. “How the Babylonians Protected Themselves Against Calamities Announced by Omens”, Mesopotamian Magic Textual, Hıstorical, and Interpretative Perspectives, Ed.: Tzvi Abusch - Karel Van Der Toorn, Styx Publications, Groningen , ss. 123–30.
  • MIEROOP, M.V.D., 2016. Philosophy Before the Greeks: The Pursuit of Truth in Ancient Babylonia, Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
  • NARDO, D., 2007. Ancient Mesopotamia, Greenhaven Press, New York.
  • NOEGEL, S.B., 2010. “Sign, Sign, Everwhere a Sign: Script, Power and Interpretation in Ancient Near East”, Divination and Interpretation of Signs in the Ancient World, Ed.: Amar Annus, The Oriental Institue of the University of Chicago, Chicago- Illinois, ss. 143–62.
  • OPPENHEIM, A. L., 1964. Ancient Mesopotamia Portrait of a Dead Civilisation, The Universtiy of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  • PEKŞEN, O., 2020. “Eski Mezopotamya’da Gutiler ve III. Ur Hanedanlığı Dönemleri”, Eski Mezopotamya’nın Siyasi Tarihi, Ed.: L. Gürkan Gökçek - Ercüment Yıldırım - Okay Pekşen, Değişim Yayınları, İstanbul, ss. 51–74.
  • PEKŞEN, O., 2021. “Southern Policy of the Neo-Assyrian State and The Elamite-Babylonian Alliance”, Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi, 36/2, ss. 621–41.
  • REINER, E. - Pingree, D., 1975. Babylonian Planetary Omens Part One: Enuma Anu Enlil Tablet 63: The Venus Tablet of Ammişaduqa, Undena Publications, Malibu.
  • REINER, E. - Pingree, D., 1981. Babylonian Planetary Omens Part Two, Undena Publications, Malibu.
  • REINER, E. - Pingree, D., 1998. Babylonian Planetary Omens Part Three, Styx Publications, Groningen.
  • ROCHBERG, F., 2010a. “If P, Then Q: Form And Reasoning in Babylonian Divination”, Divination and Interpretation of Signs in the Ancient World, Ed.: Amar Annus, The Oriental Institue of the University of Chicago, Chicago- Illinois, ss. 19–27.
  • ROCHBERG, F., 2010b. In The Path of the Moon: Babylonian Celestial Divination and Its Legacy, Brill, Leiden-Boston.
  • ROCHBERG, F., 1996. “Personifications and Metaphors in Babylonian Celestial Omina”, Journal of the American Oriental Society,116/3, ss. 475–85.
  • ROCHBERG, F., 2018. “The Catalogues of Enūma Anu Enlil”, Assyrian and Babylonian Scholarly Text Catalogues, Ed.: Ulrike Steinert, De Gruyter, Berlin, ss. 121–36.
  • ROCHBERG, F., 2011. “The Heavens and the Gods in Ancient Mesopotamia: The View from a Polytheistic Cosmology”, Reconsidering the Consept of Revolutionary Monotheism, Ed.: Beate-Pongratz Leisten, Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake, ss. 117–36.
  • ROCHBERG, F., 2009. “The Stars And Their Likenesses: Perspectives on the Relation Between Celestial Bodies and Gods in Ancient Mesopotamia”, What is a God? Anthropomorphic and Non-Anthropomorphic Aspects of Deity in Ancient Mesopotamia, Ed.: Barbara Nevling Porter, Casco Bay Assyriological Institute, Winona Lake-Indiana, ss. 41–91.
  • SCHWEMER, D., 2001. Die Wettergottgestalten Mesopotamiens und Nordsyriens im Zeitalter der Keilschriftkulturen: Materialien und Studien Nach Den Schriftlichen Quellen, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden.
  • SCHWEMER, D., 2007. “The Storm-Gods of The Ancient Near East: Summary, Synthesis, Recent Studies Part I”. Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions, 7/2, ss. 121–68.
  • SOLDT, W.H., 1995. Solar Omens of Enuma Anu Enlil Tablets: 23(24)-29(30), Nederlands Historisch-Archaeolooisch Instituutte Istanbul, Leiden.
  • STEINKELLER, P., 2018. “The Birth of Elam in History”, The Elamite World, Ed.: Javier Álvarez Mon - Gian Pietro Basello - Yasmina Wicks, Routledge Press, London, ss. 177–202.
  • THAVAPALAN, S., 2020. The Meaning of Color in Ancient Mesopotamia, Brill, Leiden-Boston.
  • TOSUN, M.O., 1960. “Sümer-Babil Tanrı Sembollerinin Adları Üzerinde Bir Araştırma”, Ankara Üniiversitesi Dil Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 18/3–4, ss. 262–72.
  • VELDHUIS, N., 2010. “The Theory of Knowledge and Practice of Celestial Divination”, Divination And Interpretation of Signs in The Ancient World, Ed.: Amar Annus, The Oriental Institue of The University of Chicago, Chicago-Illinois, ss. 77–91.
  • XIANHUA, W., 2011. The Metamorphosis of Enlil in Early Mesopotamia, Ugarit Verlag, Münster.

Comments on Some Solar Omens in the Enūma Anu-Enlil

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 569 - 588, 25.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1486753

Abstract

Written in ancient Mesopotamia from the Old Babylonian period onwards, the Enūma Anu Enlil is one of the most important series of celestial observations and omens. This series consists of 70 tablets and around 7,000 omens. The omens are related to celestial bodies and constellations, including the Moon (Nanna/Sin), the Sun (Utu/Šamaš), Venus (Inanna/Ishtar), Jupiter (Marduk), Mars (Nergal), Mercury (Nabu), Saturn (Ninurta), and Adad (Iskur).
One of the significant sections in this series is the omens related to the Sun, or Utu/Šamaš, the Sun god in ancient Mesopotamian beliefs. Tablets 23-30 of the series contain omens concerning the Sun. These omens generally relate to the Sun’s position at rising or setting, its conjunction with other planets and constellations, its proximity or distance from them, the color of the Sun, the color of its rays, and whether the Sun rises or sets with clouds or cloud clusters.
The diviners of ancient Mesopotamia used conditional and consequential sentences in their omens. Their reasons for creating omens were both religious and driven by a desire to be aware of the future. In the Babylonian creation epic Enūma Eliš, after Marduk killed Tiamat, he assigned planets or stations to the gods and goddesses. In this way, the planets were considered manifestations of the gods. For the people of the time, the movements of the planets were seen as messages from the gods.
While many of the omens are scientifically impossible to realize, they provide valuable insights into the political, cultural, social, and economic life of the period. Additionally, the diviners of ancient Mesopotamia used omens as a tool to maintain control and obedience within society.

References

  • ALOMIA, K.M., 1987. Lesser Gods of the Ancient Near East and Some Comparisons With Heavenly Beings of the Old Testament, Andrews University Seventh-Day Adventist Theological Seminary, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Michigan.
  • ANNUS, A., 2010. “On the Beginnings and Continuities of Omen Sciences in the Ancient World”, Divination and Interpretation of Signs in the Ancient World, Ed.: Amar Annus, The Oriental Institue of the University of Chicago, Chicago-Illinois, ss. 1–18.
  • ANNUS, A., 2002. The God Ninurta: In the Mythology and Royal Ideology of Ancient Mesopotamia, The Neo Assyrian Text Corpus Project, Helsinki.
  • BAYSAL, A.S., Asurlular’da Tarih Yazımı ve Takvim Sistemi, Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Kayseri.
  • BÜLBÜL, C., 2010. “Amurru Göçleri ve Amurruların Eski Önasya Tarihindeki Rolleri”, Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 29/48, ss.29–49.
  • CIFUENTES, E.Q., 2024. “Mesopotamian Astrology About Elam: An Introductory Overview”, Hunara 2/1, ss. 59–71.
  • DİLEK, Y., 2023. “Antik Mezopotamya Sosyal Düzeninde Demonlar: Pazuzu ve Lamaštu Paradoksu”, History Studies, 15/3, ss. 551–61.
  • DUMAN, H., 2022. “Eski Çağ Mezopotamya İnanışlarında Gök Hiyerofanisi”, Kulmira, 3/1, ss. 37–43.
  • DUMAN, H., 2021. Eski Çağ Mezopotamya İnançlarında Gök Hiyerofanisi ve Yunan Dünyasına Etkisi, Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Kayseri.
  • ESPAK, P., 2006. Ancient Near Eastern Gods Enki and Ea : Diachronical Analysis of Texts and Images from the Earliest Sources to the Neo-Sumerian Period, Tartu University, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Tartu.
  • ERDEM, F., 2020. Eski Mezopotamya'da Kehanet Geleneği, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Denizli.
  • FINCKE, J.C., 2013. “The Solar Eclipse Omen Texts from Enuma Anu Enlil”, Biblioteca Orientalis, 5/6, ss.581–608.
  • FRAHM, E., 2010. “Reading The Tablet, the Exta, and the Body: The Hermeneutics of Cuneiform Signs in Babylonian and Assyrian Text Commentaries and Divinatory Texts”, Divination and Interpretation of Signs in the Ancient World, Ed.: Amar Annus, The Oriental Institue of the University of Chicago, Chicago-Illinois, ss. 93–141.
  • FRAYNE, D.R. - Stuckey, J.H., 2021. A Handbook of Gods and Goddesses of the Ancient Near East: Three Thousand Deities of Anatolia, Syria, Israel, Sumer, Babylonia And Elam, Eisenbrauns, Pennysylvania.
  • FRAZER, J.G., 1926. The Worship of Nature, Macmillan Publishing Company, London.
  • LEICK, G., 1991. A Dictionary of Ancient Near Eastern Mythology, Routledge Press, New York.
  • HEIMPEL, W., 1986. “The Sun at Night and the Doors of Heaven in Babylonian Texts”, Journal of Cuneiform Studies, 38/2, ss. 127–51.
  • HOROWITZ, W., 1998. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography, Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake Indiana.
  • HUNGER, H., 1992. Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings, Helsinki University Press, Helsinki.
  • HUNGER, H. - Pingree, D., 1999. Astral Science in Mesopotamia, Brill, Leiden.
  • JACOBSEN, T., 2017. Karanlığın Hazineleri: Mezopotamya Dininin Tarihi, Çev.: Sibel Erduman, Paris Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • KAÇAR, A., 2018. “Yazılı Kaynaklara Göre Subartu ve Subarlılar”, Archivum Anatolicum, 12/1, ss. 31–48.
  • KASAK, E. - Raul V., 2001. “Understanding Planets in Ancient Mesopotamia”, Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore, 16, ss. 7–34.
  • KOCH-WESTENHOLZ, U., 1995. Mesopotamian Astrology: An Introduction to Babylonian and Assyrian Celestial Divination, the Carsten Niebuhr Institue of Near Eastern Studies Museum Tusculanium Press, Cobenhagen.
  • KURT, M. - Bulut, E., 2019. “Enlil Kültünün Mezopotamya Toplumlarının Siyasal ve Sosyokültürel Yapısına Etkisi”, Mezopotamya’nın Eski Çağlarında İnanç Olgusu ve Yönetim Anlayışı, Ed.: L. Gürkan Gökçek - Ercüment Yıldırım - Okay Pekşen, Değişim Yayınları, İstanbul, ss. 161–92.
  • LAMBERT, W.G., 1997. “Sumerian Gods: Combining the Evidence of Texts and Art”, Sumerian Gods and Their Representations, Ed.: Irvin L. Finkel - Mark J. Geller, Styx Publications, Groningen, ss. 1–10.
  • LURKER, M., 2004. The Routledge Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Routledge Press, New York.
  • MAUL, S.M., 1999. “How the Babylonians Protected Themselves Against Calamities Announced by Omens”, Mesopotamian Magic Textual, Hıstorical, and Interpretative Perspectives, Ed.: Tzvi Abusch - Karel Van Der Toorn, Styx Publications, Groningen , ss. 123–30.
  • MIEROOP, M.V.D., 2016. Philosophy Before the Greeks: The Pursuit of Truth in Ancient Babylonia, Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
  • NARDO, D., 2007. Ancient Mesopotamia, Greenhaven Press, New York.
  • NOEGEL, S.B., 2010. “Sign, Sign, Everwhere a Sign: Script, Power and Interpretation in Ancient Near East”, Divination and Interpretation of Signs in the Ancient World, Ed.: Amar Annus, The Oriental Institue of the University of Chicago, Chicago- Illinois, ss. 143–62.
  • OPPENHEIM, A. L., 1964. Ancient Mesopotamia Portrait of a Dead Civilisation, The Universtiy of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  • PEKŞEN, O., 2020. “Eski Mezopotamya’da Gutiler ve III. Ur Hanedanlığı Dönemleri”, Eski Mezopotamya’nın Siyasi Tarihi, Ed.: L. Gürkan Gökçek - Ercüment Yıldırım - Okay Pekşen, Değişim Yayınları, İstanbul, ss. 51–74.
  • PEKŞEN, O., 2021. “Southern Policy of the Neo-Assyrian State and The Elamite-Babylonian Alliance”, Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi, 36/2, ss. 621–41.
  • REINER, E. - Pingree, D., 1975. Babylonian Planetary Omens Part One: Enuma Anu Enlil Tablet 63: The Venus Tablet of Ammişaduqa, Undena Publications, Malibu.
  • REINER, E. - Pingree, D., 1981. Babylonian Planetary Omens Part Two, Undena Publications, Malibu.
  • REINER, E. - Pingree, D., 1998. Babylonian Planetary Omens Part Three, Styx Publications, Groningen.
  • ROCHBERG, F., 2010a. “If P, Then Q: Form And Reasoning in Babylonian Divination”, Divination and Interpretation of Signs in the Ancient World, Ed.: Amar Annus, The Oriental Institue of the University of Chicago, Chicago- Illinois, ss. 19–27.
  • ROCHBERG, F., 2010b. In The Path of the Moon: Babylonian Celestial Divination and Its Legacy, Brill, Leiden-Boston.
  • ROCHBERG, F., 1996. “Personifications and Metaphors in Babylonian Celestial Omina”, Journal of the American Oriental Society,116/3, ss. 475–85.
  • ROCHBERG, F., 2018. “The Catalogues of Enūma Anu Enlil”, Assyrian and Babylonian Scholarly Text Catalogues, Ed.: Ulrike Steinert, De Gruyter, Berlin, ss. 121–36.
  • ROCHBERG, F., 2011. “The Heavens and the Gods in Ancient Mesopotamia: The View from a Polytheistic Cosmology”, Reconsidering the Consept of Revolutionary Monotheism, Ed.: Beate-Pongratz Leisten, Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake, ss. 117–36.
  • ROCHBERG, F., 2009. “The Stars And Their Likenesses: Perspectives on the Relation Between Celestial Bodies and Gods in Ancient Mesopotamia”, What is a God? Anthropomorphic and Non-Anthropomorphic Aspects of Deity in Ancient Mesopotamia, Ed.: Barbara Nevling Porter, Casco Bay Assyriological Institute, Winona Lake-Indiana, ss. 41–91.
  • SCHWEMER, D., 2001. Die Wettergottgestalten Mesopotamiens und Nordsyriens im Zeitalter der Keilschriftkulturen: Materialien und Studien Nach Den Schriftlichen Quellen, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden.
  • SCHWEMER, D., 2007. “The Storm-Gods of The Ancient Near East: Summary, Synthesis, Recent Studies Part I”. Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions, 7/2, ss. 121–68.
  • SOLDT, W.H., 1995. Solar Omens of Enuma Anu Enlil Tablets: 23(24)-29(30), Nederlands Historisch-Archaeolooisch Instituutte Istanbul, Leiden.
  • STEINKELLER, P., 2018. “The Birth of Elam in History”, The Elamite World, Ed.: Javier Álvarez Mon - Gian Pietro Basello - Yasmina Wicks, Routledge Press, London, ss. 177–202.
  • THAVAPALAN, S., 2020. The Meaning of Color in Ancient Mesopotamia, Brill, Leiden-Boston.
  • TOSUN, M.O., 1960. “Sümer-Babil Tanrı Sembollerinin Adları Üzerinde Bir Araştırma”, Ankara Üniiversitesi Dil Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 18/3–4, ss. 262–72.
  • VELDHUIS, N., 2010. “The Theory of Knowledge and Practice of Celestial Divination”, Divination And Interpretation of Signs in The Ancient World, Ed.: Amar Annus, The Oriental Institue of The University of Chicago, Chicago-Illinois, ss. 77–91.
  • XIANHUA, W., 2011. The Metamorphosis of Enlil in Early Mesopotamia, Ugarit Verlag, Münster.
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sumerology, Ancient History (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Harun Duman 0000-0002-9477-8248

Publication Date September 25, 2024
Submission Date May 20, 2024
Acceptance Date September 23, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Duman, H. (2024). Enūma Anu-Enlil’de Geçen Bazı Güneş Kehanetleri ile İlgili Yorumlar. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History, 6(2), 569-588. https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1486753
AMA Duman H. Enūma Anu-Enlil’de Geçen Bazı Güneş Kehanetleri ile İlgili Yorumlar. OANNES. September 2024;6(2):569-588. doi:10.33469/oannes.1486753
Chicago Duman, Harun. “Enūma Anu-Enlil’de Geçen Bazı Güneş Kehanetleri Ile İlgili Yorumlar”. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History 6, no. 2 (September 2024): 569-88. https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1486753.
EndNote Duman H (September 1, 2024) Enūma Anu-Enlil’de Geçen Bazı Güneş Kehanetleri ile İlgili Yorumlar. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History 6 2 569–588.
IEEE H. Duman, “Enūma Anu-Enlil’de Geçen Bazı Güneş Kehanetleri ile İlgili Yorumlar”, OANNES, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 569–588, 2024, doi: 10.33469/oannes.1486753.
ISNAD Duman, Harun. “Enūma Anu-Enlil’de Geçen Bazı Güneş Kehanetleri Ile İlgili Yorumlar”. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History 6/2 (September 2024), 569-588. https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1486753.
JAMA Duman H. Enūma Anu-Enlil’de Geçen Bazı Güneş Kehanetleri ile İlgili Yorumlar. OANNES. 2024;6:569–588.
MLA Duman, Harun. “Enūma Anu-Enlil’de Geçen Bazı Güneş Kehanetleri Ile İlgili Yorumlar”. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History, vol. 6, no. 2, 2024, pp. 569-88, doi:10.33469/oannes.1486753.
Vancouver Duman H. Enūma Anu-Enlil’de Geçen Bazı Güneş Kehanetleri ile İlgili Yorumlar. OANNES. 2024;6(2):569-88.

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