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Fishing and Tuna Trade in Kyzikos

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 187 - 203, 26.03.2025

Abstract

Located on the coast of Propontis, Kyzikos was colonized by Miletus. The most important factor in the colonization of the city was tuna fishing, which is understood to have been an important source of livelihood in the city. However, it is noteworthy that ancient sources have been silent on this issue.
During the migration season, tuna fish pass through the narrow passages of the Bosphorus and Hellespont in schools. This migration of tuna fish led to the development of large-scale fisheries in the region. Different from other fisheries, watchtowers were used in tuna fishing. Watchtowers made of wood were placed in places with clear visibility. The sharp lookouts placed here would guide the fishermen waiting in the boats toward the tuna.
It is understood that there were public fishing areas and saltpans in Kyzikos. Kyzikos demanded a fee from the fishermen who used these areas. Tuna was the most important industrial activity of the city. However, there are no traces of salting factories or salted fish amphorae in Kyzikos. Epigraphic sources reveal the existence of a guild belonging to fishermen in Kyzikos. Kyzikos is one of the centers where we know garum was produced. Kyzikos oysters have a great reputation as the highest quality oysters of antiquity.
Tuna fish, the source of wealth for Kyzikos, was chosen as the city symbol. The depiction of tuna was used on Kyzikos coins for centuries. The uninterrupted continuation of the depiction of tuna shows the importance of fishing in the social life of the city. The depiction of tuna is also found on many city coins. However, the oldest tuna coins were minted in Kyzikos. Kyzikos turned into a rich city by utilizing its fishing advantage due to its location.
In this article, data on the place of fish and fishing in the social and economic life of Kyzikos will be discussed based on ancient and modern sources, archaeological, epigraphic, archaeozoological, and numismatic data.

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Kyzikos'ta Balıkçılık ve Ton Balığı Ticareti

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 187 - 203, 26.03.2025

Abstract

Propontis kıyısında yer alan Kyzikos, Miletos tarafından kolonize edilmiştir. Kentin kolonize edilmesindeki en önemli etken ton balığı avcılığıdır. Kentte balıkçılığın önemli bir geçim kaynağını oluşturduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Ancak antik kaynakların bu konuda sessiz kalması dikkat çekicidir.
Göç mevsiminde Bosphorus ve Hellespontos'un dar geçitlerinden sürüler halinde ton balıkları geçmektedir. Ton balıklarının bu göç hareketi bölgede büyük ölçekli balıkçılığın gelişmesine sebep olmuştur. Ton balığı avında diğer avlardan farklı olarak gözetleme kuleleri kullanılmıştır. Ahşaptan yapılan gözetleme kuleleri görüş alanı açık yerlere yerleştirilmiştir. Buraya yerleştirilen keskin gözcüler, kayıklarda bekleyen balıkçıları ton balıklarına doğru yönlendirmekteydi.
Kyzikos’ta kamuya ait balıkçılık alanları ve tuzlalar olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Kyzikos bu alanları kullanan balıkçılardan bir ücret talep ediyordu. Ton balığı kentin en önemli endüstri faaliyetini oluşturmaktaydı. Ancak Kyzikos’ta tuzlama fabrikalarına ve tuzlanmış balık amforalarının izine rastlanmamıştır. Epigrafik kaynaklar Kyzikos’ta balıkçılara ait bir loncanın varlığını ortaya koymaktadır. Garum üretildiğini bildiğimiz merkezlerden biride Kyzikos’tur. Kyzikos’un İstiridyeleri, antikçağın en kaliteli istiridyeleri olarak büyük bir üne sahiptir.
Kyzikos’un zenginlik kaynağı olan ton balıkları kent sembolü olarak seçilmiştir. Kyzikos sikkeleri üzerinde ton balığı tasviri yüzyıllar boyunca kullanılmıştır. Ton balığı tasvirinin aralıksız devam etmesi, balıkçılığın kentin sosyal yaşantısındaki önemini göstermektedir. Ton balığı tasviri birçok kent sikkesinde de yer almaktadır. Ancak en eski ton balıklı sikkeler Kyzikos’ta basılmıştır. Kyzikos konumu nedeniyle sahip olduğu balıkçılık avantajını kullanarak zengin bir kente dönüşmüştür.
Bu makalede; Kyzikos’un zenginlik kaynağı olan ton balıkçılığı konusu irdelenecektir. Antik ve modern kaynaklar, epigrafik kanıtlar ile kentin bastığı ton balıklı sikkeler ışığında balıkçılığın kent için önemi ortaya koyulacaktır.

References

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  • Dalby, A. (2003). Food in the Ancient World from A to Z. Routledge.
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  • Ertan, A. (2010). İstanbul boğazı’nda balıkçılık. Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • Ertüzün, R. M. (1998). Kapıdağı yarımadası ve çevresindeki adalar, tarihi ve arkeolojisi üzerinde araştırmalar. Ozan Sanatevi.
  • Felici, di E. (2017). Le tonnare antiche, Semestrale di archeologia subacque navala Anno XXIII, 66 n.s.2, 2-21.
  • Friedell, E. (1999). Antik yunan’ın kültür tarihi. Dost Yayınevi.
  • Gallant, T. W. (1985). A fisherman tale’s:an analysis the potential productivitiy of fishing in the ancient World. Belgian Archaeological Mission.
  • Gorman, V. B. (2001). Miletos, the ornament of ıonia: a history of the city to 400 b.c.e. University of Michigan Press.
  • Greaves, A.M. (2003). Miletos bir tarih. Homer Kitabevi.
  • Gündem, C. Y. (2010). Animal based economy in Troia and the Troas during the maritime troy culture (c. 3000-2200 bc.) and a general summary for west Anatolia. [Doctoral dissertation, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen].
  • Güney, H. (2012). The reosurces and economy of roman Nicomedia, [Doctoral dissertation, University of Exeter].
  • Habicht, C. (2013). Eudoxus of Kyzikos ptolemaic explaration of the sea routa to India. K. Buraselis, M. Stefanou, D.J. Thompson, (Eds.). The ptolemies, the sea and the nile: studies in waterborne power (pp. 197–206). Cambridge University Press.
  • Hansen, H. M. & Nielsen, T. H., (2004). An inventory of archaic and classical poleis. Oxford University Press.
  • Hamilton, W. J. (2012). Researches in Asia Minor, Pontus, and Armenia: with some account of their antiquities and geology. 2. Cambridge University Press.
  • Harland, P. A. (2013). Associations, synagogues, and congregations: claiming a place in ancient Mediterranean society. Kitchener.
  • Harland, P. A. (2014). Greco-Roman associations: texts, translation and commentary, north coast of the Black Sea, Asia Minor. Walter de Gruyter GmbH.
  • Harland, P. A. & Last, R. (2020). Group survival in the ancient Mediterranean: rethinking material conditions. Bloomsbury Publishing.
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There are 86 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Archaeology of Europe, The Mediterranean and The Levant, Maritime Archaeology, Classical Period Archeology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Hacer Çoruh Kurt 0000-0002-9478-0903

Publication Date March 26, 2025
Submission Date January 1, 2025
Acceptance Date March 26, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çoruh Kurt, H. (2025). Fishing and Tuna Trade in Kyzikos. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History, 7(1), 187-203. https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1611585
AMA Çoruh Kurt H. Fishing and Tuna Trade in Kyzikos. OANNES. March 2025;7(1):187-203. doi:10.33469/oannes.1611585
Chicago Çoruh Kurt, Hacer. “Fishing and Tuna Trade in Kyzikos”. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History 7, no. 1 (March 2025): 187-203. https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1611585.
EndNote Çoruh Kurt H (March 1, 2025) Fishing and Tuna Trade in Kyzikos. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History 7 1 187–203.
IEEE H. Çoruh Kurt, “Fishing and Tuna Trade in Kyzikos”, OANNES, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 187–203, 2025, doi: 10.33469/oannes.1611585.
ISNAD Çoruh Kurt, Hacer. “Fishing and Tuna Trade in Kyzikos”. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History 7/1 (March 2025), 187-203. https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1611585.
JAMA Çoruh Kurt H. Fishing and Tuna Trade in Kyzikos. OANNES. 2025;7:187–203.
MLA Çoruh Kurt, Hacer. “Fishing and Tuna Trade in Kyzikos”. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History, vol. 7, no. 1, 2025, pp. 187-03, doi:10.33469/oannes.1611585.
Vancouver Çoruh Kurt H. Fishing and Tuna Trade in Kyzikos. OANNES. 2025;7(1):187-203.

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