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Kuzey Mezopotamya’da Bir Kavşak Noktası: Tepe Gawra

Year 2013, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 1 - 50, 01.02.2013

Abstract

Tepe Gawra, Eski Mezopotamya’da modern Musul şehrine 15 mil ve Khorsabad’a 2 mil uzaklıkta tarihi Niniveh kentinin yakınında eski bir yerleşim yeridir. Kazılmadan önce 120 m çapında ve 22 metre yüksekliğindeydi. Burada 1850’den önce Austen Layard tarafından bir keşif kazısı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Site sistemli olarak 1927, 1931 ve 1932 yıllarında Ephraim Avigdor Speiser başkanlığında Pennsylvania ve American Schools of Oriental Research’tan arkeologların katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir

References

  • AKKERMANS, Peter M.M.G.; “Halaf Mortary Practices: A Survey”, To The Euphrates and Beyond, (Edited by O.M.Chaex-H.H.Curvers-P.M.M.G.Akkermans), Rotterdam, 1989, s.75-88.
  • BACHE, Charles; “ From Mr. Bache’s First Report on The Joint Excavations at Tepe Gawra and Tell Billah, 1932-1933”, Bulletin of The American Schools of Oriental Research, No.49, (Şubat, 1933), Boston, 1933, s.8-14.
  • BACHE, Charles; “Report On The Joint Excavation of Tepe Gawra in Assyria”, Bulletin of The American Schools of Oriental Research, No.61, (Şubat 1936), s. 5-10.
  • BACHE, Charles; “Tepe Gawra 1934-1935”, American Journal of Archaeology, Volume 39, No.2, (Nisan-Haziran, 1935), Boston, 1935, s. 185-188.
  • BACHE, Charles-E.Bartow Muller; “ The Prehistoric Temple of Stratum IX at Tepe Gawra”, Bulletin of The American Schools of Oriental Research, No.54, (Nisan 1934), Boston, 1934, s.13-18.
  • CRAWFORD, Harriet; Sumer and The Sumerians, Tarihsiz.
  • DAVİDSON, T. E. -Hugh McKerrell; “The Neutron Activation Analysis of Halaf and Ubaid Pottery From Tell Arpachiyah and Tepe Gawra”, Iraq, Volume 42, No.2, (Güz 1980), London, 1980, s. 155-167.
  • Johns, C.H.W.; Ancient Babylonia, Cambridge, 1913.
  • KINAL, Füruzan; “Çîvî Yazısının Doğuşu Ve Gelişmesi”, Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, S. 12, Ankara, 1969, s.1-15.
  • KINAL, Füruzan; Eski Mezopotamya Tarihi, Ankara, 1983.
  • KÖROĞLU, Kemalettin; Eski Mezopotamya Tarihi-Başlangıcından Perslere Kadar, İstanbul, 2006.
  • LEVEY, Martin; “The Earliest Stages in The Evolution of Stil”, Institute for Science and International Security, Vol. 51, No.1, (Mart 1960) Washington, 1960, s.31-36.
  • MELLAART, James; “The Earliest Settlements in Western Asia From The Ninth to The End of The Fifth Millenium B.C”, The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume I, Part I, (Edited by I.E.S. Edwards), Cambridge, 2008.
  • MEMİŞ, Ekrem; Eskiçağda Mezopotamya, Bursa, 2007.
  • OATES, Joan -Augusta McMahon-Philip Karsgaard-Salam Al Quntar-Jason Ur; “Early Mesopotamian Urbanism: A New View From Tha North”, Antiquity, 81, Harvard University Press, s. 585-600.
  • Redman, Charles L.; The Rise of Civilization, San Francisco, 1978.
  • ROAF, Michael; İletişim Atlaslı Büyük Uygarlıklar Ansiklopedisi-Mezopo- tamya ve Eski Yakındoğu, (Çeviren: Zülal Kılıç), C. 9, İstanbul, 1996.
  • ROTHMAN, Mitchell S.; Tepe Gawra: The Evolution of A Small Prehistoric Center in Northern Iraq, Pensylvania, 2002.
  • SCHMANDT-BESSERAT, Denise; “The Interface Between Writing and Art: The Seals of Tepe Gawra”, Syria, T.83, 2006, s. 183-193.
  • SEVİN, Veli; Yeni Asur Sanatı l-Mimarlık, Ankara, 1991.
  • SİEVERTSEN, Uwe; “Frühe Pfeiler-Nischen-architektur aus Tepe Gawra und Telul eth Thalathat”, Iraq, Vol. 67, London, 2005, s.399-409.
  • SKEATES, Robin; “Neolithic Stamps: Cultural Patterns, Processes and Potencies”, Cambridge Archaeogical Journal, Cambridge, 2007, s. 183-198.
  • SMİTH, B.A.Philip, The Ancient History Of The East, New York and London,1989.
  • SPEISER, E.A.; Excavations at Tepe Gawra, Volume I, Philadelphia, 1935.
  • SPEISER, E.A.; “ The Excavation of Tepe Gawra: Letter From Dr. Speiser to The President of Tha Dropsie College and The Directors of The American School in Baghdat and The University Museum”, Bulletin of The American Schools of Oriental Resarch, No. 44, (Aralık 1931), Boston, 1931, s. 5-8.
  • SPEISER, E.A.; “ The Joint Excavation at Tepe Gawra”, Bulletin of The American Schools of Oriental Research, No.47, (Ekim, 1932), Boston, 1932, s. 17
  • SPEISER, E.A.; “New Discoveries at Tepe Gawra and Khafaje”, American Journal of Archaeology, Volume 41, (Nisan-Haziran, 1937), Boston, 1937, s.190- 193.
  • SPEISER, E.A.; “Preliminary Excavations at Tepe Gawra”, The Annual of The American Schools of Oriental Research, Vol. 9 (1927-1928), Boston, 1928, s.17- 57+59-94.
  • SPEISER, E.A.; “Tepe Gawra”, Bulletin of The American of Schools of Oriental Research, No.43, (Ekim, 1931), Boston, 1931, s. 19-21.
  • SPEISER, E.A.; “The Bearing of The Excavations at Tell Billa and at Tepe Gawra Up On The Ethnic Problems of Ancient Mesopotamia”, American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 36, No.1, (Ocak-Mart 1932), Boston, 1932, s.29-35.
  • SPEISER, E.A.; “The Season’s Work At Tepe Gawra”, Bulletin of The American of Schools of Oriental Research, No. 58, (Nisan 1935), Boston, 1935, s. 4- 5.
  • STEİN, Gil J.; “Aspects of Social Process in The Ubaid Horizon”, Beyond The Ubaid (Edited by Robert A. Carter-Graham Philip),Chicago, 2006.
  • The Cambrıdge Ancient History, Volume I, Part 1, Cambridge, 1970.
  • TOBLER, Arthur J.; Excavations at Tepe Gawra, Volume II, Philadelphia, 1950.

A Junction Point In Northern Mesopotamia: Tepe Gawra

Year 2013, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 1 - 50, 01.02.2013

Abstract

Tepe Gawra is an ancient Mesopotamian settlement, near the ancient site of Nineveh, 2 miles from Khorsabad and 15 miles northeast of the modern city of Mosul. Tepe Gawra was 120 meters in diameter and 22 meters high. A brief exploratory dig was performed by Austen Layard before 1850. The site was formally excavated in 1927, 1931 and 1932 for a total of 8 months by archaeologists from a joint expedition of the University of Pennsylvania and the American Schools of Oriental Research, led by Ephraim Avigdor Speiser

References

  • AKKERMANS, Peter M.M.G.; “Halaf Mortary Practices: A Survey”, To The Euphrates and Beyond, (Edited by O.M.Chaex-H.H.Curvers-P.M.M.G.Akkermans), Rotterdam, 1989, s.75-88.
  • BACHE, Charles; “ From Mr. Bache’s First Report on The Joint Excavations at Tepe Gawra and Tell Billah, 1932-1933”, Bulletin of The American Schools of Oriental Research, No.49, (Şubat, 1933), Boston, 1933, s.8-14.
  • BACHE, Charles; “Report On The Joint Excavation of Tepe Gawra in Assyria”, Bulletin of The American Schools of Oriental Research, No.61, (Şubat 1936), s. 5-10.
  • BACHE, Charles; “Tepe Gawra 1934-1935”, American Journal of Archaeology, Volume 39, No.2, (Nisan-Haziran, 1935), Boston, 1935, s. 185-188.
  • BACHE, Charles-E.Bartow Muller; “ The Prehistoric Temple of Stratum IX at Tepe Gawra”, Bulletin of The American Schools of Oriental Research, No.54, (Nisan 1934), Boston, 1934, s.13-18.
  • CRAWFORD, Harriet; Sumer and The Sumerians, Tarihsiz.
  • DAVİDSON, T. E. -Hugh McKerrell; “The Neutron Activation Analysis of Halaf and Ubaid Pottery From Tell Arpachiyah and Tepe Gawra”, Iraq, Volume 42, No.2, (Güz 1980), London, 1980, s. 155-167.
  • Johns, C.H.W.; Ancient Babylonia, Cambridge, 1913.
  • KINAL, Füruzan; “Çîvî Yazısının Doğuşu Ve Gelişmesi”, Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, S. 12, Ankara, 1969, s.1-15.
  • KINAL, Füruzan; Eski Mezopotamya Tarihi, Ankara, 1983.
  • KÖROĞLU, Kemalettin; Eski Mezopotamya Tarihi-Başlangıcından Perslere Kadar, İstanbul, 2006.
  • LEVEY, Martin; “The Earliest Stages in The Evolution of Stil”, Institute for Science and International Security, Vol. 51, No.1, (Mart 1960) Washington, 1960, s.31-36.
  • MELLAART, James; “The Earliest Settlements in Western Asia From The Ninth to The End of The Fifth Millenium B.C”, The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume I, Part I, (Edited by I.E.S. Edwards), Cambridge, 2008.
  • MEMİŞ, Ekrem; Eskiçağda Mezopotamya, Bursa, 2007.
  • OATES, Joan -Augusta McMahon-Philip Karsgaard-Salam Al Quntar-Jason Ur; “Early Mesopotamian Urbanism: A New View From Tha North”, Antiquity, 81, Harvard University Press, s. 585-600.
  • Redman, Charles L.; The Rise of Civilization, San Francisco, 1978.
  • ROAF, Michael; İletişim Atlaslı Büyük Uygarlıklar Ansiklopedisi-Mezopo- tamya ve Eski Yakındoğu, (Çeviren: Zülal Kılıç), C. 9, İstanbul, 1996.
  • ROTHMAN, Mitchell S.; Tepe Gawra: The Evolution of A Small Prehistoric Center in Northern Iraq, Pensylvania, 2002.
  • SCHMANDT-BESSERAT, Denise; “The Interface Between Writing and Art: The Seals of Tepe Gawra”, Syria, T.83, 2006, s. 183-193.
  • SEVİN, Veli; Yeni Asur Sanatı l-Mimarlık, Ankara, 1991.
  • SİEVERTSEN, Uwe; “Frühe Pfeiler-Nischen-architektur aus Tepe Gawra und Telul eth Thalathat”, Iraq, Vol. 67, London, 2005, s.399-409.
  • SKEATES, Robin; “Neolithic Stamps: Cultural Patterns, Processes and Potencies”, Cambridge Archaeogical Journal, Cambridge, 2007, s. 183-198.
  • SMİTH, B.A.Philip, The Ancient History Of The East, New York and London,1989.
  • SPEISER, E.A.; Excavations at Tepe Gawra, Volume I, Philadelphia, 1935.
  • SPEISER, E.A.; “ The Excavation of Tepe Gawra: Letter From Dr. Speiser to The President of Tha Dropsie College and The Directors of The American School in Baghdat and The University Museum”, Bulletin of The American Schools of Oriental Resarch, No. 44, (Aralık 1931), Boston, 1931, s. 5-8.
  • SPEISER, E.A.; “ The Joint Excavation at Tepe Gawra”, Bulletin of The American Schools of Oriental Research, No.47, (Ekim, 1932), Boston, 1932, s. 17
  • SPEISER, E.A.; “New Discoveries at Tepe Gawra and Khafaje”, American Journal of Archaeology, Volume 41, (Nisan-Haziran, 1937), Boston, 1937, s.190- 193.
  • SPEISER, E.A.; “Preliminary Excavations at Tepe Gawra”, The Annual of The American Schools of Oriental Research, Vol. 9 (1927-1928), Boston, 1928, s.17- 57+59-94.
  • SPEISER, E.A.; “Tepe Gawra”, Bulletin of The American of Schools of Oriental Research, No.43, (Ekim, 1931), Boston, 1931, s. 19-21.
  • SPEISER, E.A.; “The Bearing of The Excavations at Tell Billa and at Tepe Gawra Up On The Ethnic Problems of Ancient Mesopotamia”, American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 36, No.1, (Ocak-Mart 1932), Boston, 1932, s.29-35.
  • SPEISER, E.A.; “The Season’s Work At Tepe Gawra”, Bulletin of The American of Schools of Oriental Research, No. 58, (Nisan 1935), Boston, 1935, s. 4- 5.
  • STEİN, Gil J.; “Aspects of Social Process in The Ubaid Horizon”, Beyond The Ubaid (Edited by Robert A. Carter-Graham Philip),Chicago, 2006.
  • The Cambrıdge Ancient History, Volume I, Part 1, Cambridge, 1970.
  • TOBLER, Arthur J.; Excavations at Tepe Gawra, Volume II, Philadelphia, 1950.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Yüksel Arslantaş This is me

Publication Date February 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Arslantaş, Y. (2013). Kuzey Mezopotamya’da Bir Kavşak Noktası: Tepe Gawra. Fırat Üniversitesi Orta Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 1-50.
AMA Arslantaş Y. Kuzey Mezopotamya’da Bir Kavşak Noktası: Tepe Gawra. Fırat Üniversitesi Orta Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi. February 2013;8(2):1-50.
Chicago Arslantaş, Yüksel. “Kuzey Mezopotamya’da Bir Kavşak Noktası: Tepe Gawra”. Fırat Üniversitesi Orta Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi 8, no. 2 (February 2013): 1-50.
EndNote Arslantaş Y (February 1, 2013) Kuzey Mezopotamya’da Bir Kavşak Noktası: Tepe Gawra. Fırat Üniversitesi Orta Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi 8 2 1–50.
IEEE Y. Arslantaş, “Kuzey Mezopotamya’da Bir Kavşak Noktası: Tepe Gawra”, Fırat Üniversitesi Orta Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1–50, 2013.
ISNAD Arslantaş, Yüksel. “Kuzey Mezopotamya’da Bir Kavşak Noktası: Tepe Gawra”. Fırat Üniversitesi Orta Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi 8/2 (February 2013), 1-50.
JAMA Arslantaş Y. Kuzey Mezopotamya’da Bir Kavşak Noktası: Tepe Gawra. Fırat Üniversitesi Orta Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2013;8:1–50.
MLA Arslantaş, Yüksel. “Kuzey Mezopotamya’da Bir Kavşak Noktası: Tepe Gawra”. Fırat Üniversitesi Orta Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 2, 2013, pp. 1-50.
Vancouver Arslantaş Y. Kuzey Mezopotamya’da Bir Kavşak Noktası: Tepe Gawra. Fırat Üniversitesi Orta Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2013;8(2):1-50.