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İyot Eksikliği

Year 2023, , 31 - 40, 30.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.56941/odutip.1277012

Abstract

İyot eksikliği hem ülkemizde hem de dünya çapında önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. İyot eksikliği ve sebeb olduğu sağlık sorunları Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuklara Yardım Fonu (UNICEF) vb sağlık ve yardım kuruluşlarının dahil olduğu geniş çaplı mücadeleye, farkındalık yaratmak için 21 Ekim, Küresel İyot Eksikliği Bozukluklarını Önleme Günü olarak kabul edilmesine, bu konuda faaliyetlerin yürütülmesine rağmen hala sık görülmektedir. Özellikle kırsal bölgeler olmak üzere dünya nüfusunun % 40’ında iyot eksikliği görülmektedir. İnfantlar, gebeler ve çocuklarda dahil olmak üzere tüm yaş gruplarındaki insanları etkilemektedir. İyot eksikliği ile mücadele devletlerin politikası haline gelmiştir. Bu konuda dünya çapında ve ülkemizde sofra tuzlarının iyotlanması kararı alınmış ve sofra tuzları iyotlanmıştır. Ülkemizde tüm sofra tuzlarının zorunlu olarak iyotlanması için gerekli yasal düzenlemeler Temmuz 1999'da tamamlanmış ve 2000'li yıllardan itibaren iyotlu tuz kullanımı yaygınlaştırılmıştır. Bu mücadeleler sonunda eski verilerle karşılaştırıldığında iyot eksikliği biraz azalmakla birlikte hala sıklığı fazladır. Bu derlemede iyot, iyot eksikliği nedenleri, görülme sıklığı, nasıl değerlendirildiği, sebeb olduğu sağlık sorunları, tedavisi ve mücadele konusundan bahsedilmiştir.

References

  • 1. Section Editor: Douglas S Ross, Deputy Editor: Jean E Mulder, Author: Paolo Vitti, Iodine deficiency disorders his topic last updated: Jun 16, 2022.
  • 2. Winder M, Kosztyła Z, Boral A, Kocełak P, Chudek J. Impact of Iodine Concentration Disorders on Health and Cancer Nutrients. 2022;14(11):2209
  • 3. Strzetelski P. Wystepowanie i przemieszczanie jodu w systemie gleba-roslina. Postępy Nauk. Rol. 2005;52:85–100.
  • 4. Thyroid Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Guide. 13 Iodine Deficiency Diseases and the Situation in Turkey Turkish Endocrine and Metabolism Society.2020; 104-119
  • 5. Zimmermann MB, Jooste PL, Pandav CS. Iodine- deficiency disorders. Lancet. 2008; 372: 1251–1262. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61005-3
  • 6. Zbigniew S. Role of Iodine in Metabolism. Recent Pat. Endocr. Metab. Immune Drug Discov. 2017;10:123–126. doi: 10.2174/1872214811666170119110618.
  • 7. Bonofiglio D, Catalano S. Effects of Iodine Intake and Nutraceuticals in Thyroidology: Update and Prospects. Nutrients. 2020; 12: 1491. doi: 10.3390/nu12051491.
  • 8. Kunachowicz H, Nadolna I, Przygoda B, Iwanow K. Wartość Odżywcza Wybranych Produktów Spożywczych i Typowych Potraw. PZWL; Warsaw, Poland: 2009;114–117.
  • 9. WHO Secretariat, Andersson M, de Benoist B, Delange FZ. Prevention and control of iodine deficiency in pregnant and lactating women and in children less than 2-years-old: conclusions and recommendations of the Technical Consultation. Public Health Nutr. 2007;10(12A):1606
  • 10. Zimmermann MB. Iodine deficiency. Endocr Rev. 2009;30(4):376.
  • 11. Alexander WD, Harden RM; Harrison MT, Shimmins J. Some aspects of the absorption and concentration of iodide by the alimentary tract in man. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 1967;26:62–66. doi: 10.1079/PNS19670013.
  • 12. Section Editor: Douglas S Ross, Deputy Editor:Jean E Mulder, Author:Martin I Surks, Iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction. this topic last updated: 2022.
  • 13. Verger P, Aurengo A, Geoffroy B, Le Guen B. Iodine Kinetics and Effectiveness of Stable Iodine Prophylaxis After Intake of Radioactive Iodine: A Review. Thyroid. 2001; 11:353–360. doi: 10.1089/10507250152039082.
  • 14. DeGroot LJ. Kinetic analysis of iodine metabolism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1966; 26:149–173. doi: 10.1210/jcem-26-2-149.
  • 15. Braverman LE. Iodine and thyroid: 33 years of study. Tiroid 1994; 4:351.
  • 16. Erdogan MF, Agbaht K, Altunsu T, Ozbas S, Yucesan F, Tezel B, et al. Current iodine status in Turkey. J Endocrinol Invest. 2009;32(7):617-22.
  • 17. Section Editör: David Seres, Deputy Editor: Dr.Jane Givens, Authors: Sassan Pazirandeh, David L Burns, Ian J Griffin, Overview of dietary trace elements. This topic last updated: Jan 24, 2022.
  • 18. Bath SC, Steer CD, Golding J, Emmett P, Rayman MP. Effect of inadequate iodine status in UK pregnant women on cognitive outcomes in their children: results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Lancet 2013; 382:331.
  • 19. Hynes KL, Otahal P, Hay I, Burgess JR. Mild iodine deficiency during pregnancy is associated with reduced educational outcomes in the offspring: 9-year follow-up of the gestational iodine cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:1954.
  • 20. Soriguer F, Millón MC, Muñoz R, Mancha I, Lopez Siguero JP, Martinez Aedo MJ, et al. The auditory threshold in a school-age population is related to iodine intake and thyroid function. Thyroid 2000; 10:991
  • 21. Lamberg BA, Haikonen M, MäkeläM, Jukkara A, Axelson E, Welin MG. Further decrease in thyroidal uptake and disappearance of endemic goitre in children after 30 years of iodine prophylaxis in the east of Finland. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1981;98(2):205.
  • 22. Santos JAR, Christoforou A, Trieu K, McKenzie BL, Downs S, Billot L, Webster J, et al. Iodine fortification of foods and condiments, other than salt, for preventing iodine deficiency disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;2:CD010734.
  • 23. www.who.int/nutrition/topics/idd/en/Erişim: 09.10.2016

Iodine Deficiency

Year 2023, , 31 - 40, 30.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.56941/odutip.1277012

Abstract

Iodine deficiency is an important public health problem both in our country and around the world. Iodine deficiency and the health problems it causes, to the large-scale struggle involving health and aid organizations such as the World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), to accept 21 October as the Global Day for the Prevention of Iodine Deficiency Disorders to raise awareness, to carry out activities in this regard. however, it is still common. Iodine deficiency is seen in 40% of the world population, especially in rural areas. It affects people of all age groups, including infants, pregnant women and children. Fighting iodine deficiency has become the policy of states. In this regard, it has been decided to iodize table salt worldwide and in our country, and table salt has been iodized. In our country, the necessary legal regulations for the mandatory iodization of all table salt were completed in July 1999 and the use of iodized salt has been expanded since the 2000s. At the end of these struggles, iodine deficiency is slightly reduced compared to the old data, but its frequency is still high. In this review, iodine, the causes of iodine deficiency, its incidence, how it is evaluated, the health problems it causes, its treatment and struggle are mentioned.

References

  • 1. Section Editor: Douglas S Ross, Deputy Editor: Jean E Mulder, Author: Paolo Vitti, Iodine deficiency disorders his topic last updated: Jun 16, 2022.
  • 2. Winder M, Kosztyła Z, Boral A, Kocełak P, Chudek J. Impact of Iodine Concentration Disorders on Health and Cancer Nutrients. 2022;14(11):2209
  • 3. Strzetelski P. Wystepowanie i przemieszczanie jodu w systemie gleba-roslina. Postępy Nauk. Rol. 2005;52:85–100.
  • 4. Thyroid Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Guide. 13 Iodine Deficiency Diseases and the Situation in Turkey Turkish Endocrine and Metabolism Society.2020; 104-119
  • 5. Zimmermann MB, Jooste PL, Pandav CS. Iodine- deficiency disorders. Lancet. 2008; 372: 1251–1262. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61005-3
  • 6. Zbigniew S. Role of Iodine in Metabolism. Recent Pat. Endocr. Metab. Immune Drug Discov. 2017;10:123–126. doi: 10.2174/1872214811666170119110618.
  • 7. Bonofiglio D, Catalano S. Effects of Iodine Intake and Nutraceuticals in Thyroidology: Update and Prospects. Nutrients. 2020; 12: 1491. doi: 10.3390/nu12051491.
  • 8. Kunachowicz H, Nadolna I, Przygoda B, Iwanow K. Wartość Odżywcza Wybranych Produktów Spożywczych i Typowych Potraw. PZWL; Warsaw, Poland: 2009;114–117.
  • 9. WHO Secretariat, Andersson M, de Benoist B, Delange FZ. Prevention and control of iodine deficiency in pregnant and lactating women and in children less than 2-years-old: conclusions and recommendations of the Technical Consultation. Public Health Nutr. 2007;10(12A):1606
  • 10. Zimmermann MB. Iodine deficiency. Endocr Rev. 2009;30(4):376.
  • 11. Alexander WD, Harden RM; Harrison MT, Shimmins J. Some aspects of the absorption and concentration of iodide by the alimentary tract in man. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 1967;26:62–66. doi: 10.1079/PNS19670013.
  • 12. Section Editor: Douglas S Ross, Deputy Editor:Jean E Mulder, Author:Martin I Surks, Iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction. this topic last updated: 2022.
  • 13. Verger P, Aurengo A, Geoffroy B, Le Guen B. Iodine Kinetics and Effectiveness of Stable Iodine Prophylaxis After Intake of Radioactive Iodine: A Review. Thyroid. 2001; 11:353–360. doi: 10.1089/10507250152039082.
  • 14. DeGroot LJ. Kinetic analysis of iodine metabolism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1966; 26:149–173. doi: 10.1210/jcem-26-2-149.
  • 15. Braverman LE. Iodine and thyroid: 33 years of study. Tiroid 1994; 4:351.
  • 16. Erdogan MF, Agbaht K, Altunsu T, Ozbas S, Yucesan F, Tezel B, et al. Current iodine status in Turkey. J Endocrinol Invest. 2009;32(7):617-22.
  • 17. Section Editör: David Seres, Deputy Editor: Dr.Jane Givens, Authors: Sassan Pazirandeh, David L Burns, Ian J Griffin, Overview of dietary trace elements. This topic last updated: Jan 24, 2022.
  • 18. Bath SC, Steer CD, Golding J, Emmett P, Rayman MP. Effect of inadequate iodine status in UK pregnant women on cognitive outcomes in their children: results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Lancet 2013; 382:331.
  • 19. Hynes KL, Otahal P, Hay I, Burgess JR. Mild iodine deficiency during pregnancy is associated with reduced educational outcomes in the offspring: 9-year follow-up of the gestational iodine cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:1954.
  • 20. Soriguer F, Millón MC, Muñoz R, Mancha I, Lopez Siguero JP, Martinez Aedo MJ, et al. The auditory threshold in a school-age population is related to iodine intake and thyroid function. Thyroid 2000; 10:991
  • 21. Lamberg BA, Haikonen M, MäkeläM, Jukkara A, Axelson E, Welin MG. Further decrease in thyroidal uptake and disappearance of endemic goitre in children after 30 years of iodine prophylaxis in the east of Finland. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1981;98(2):205.
  • 22. Santos JAR, Christoforou A, Trieu K, McKenzie BL, Downs S, Billot L, Webster J, et al. Iodine fortification of foods and condiments, other than salt, for preventing iodine deficiency disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;2:CD010734.
  • 23. www.who.int/nutrition/topics/idd/en/Erişim: 09.10.2016
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Review
Authors

Hilal Nur Aydın 0000-0002-5326-6668

Yasemin Kaya 0000-0003-3503-0122

Publication Date April 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

Vancouver Aydın HN, Kaya Y. Iodine Deficiency. ODU Tıp Derg. 2023;10(1):31-40.