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Türkiye’nin Karadeniz Bölgesi’ndeki Smilax excelsa’nın meyve ve tohum çeşitliliği

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 8, 01.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.536862

Abstract

Smilacaceae familyasının bir üyesi olan Smilax excelsa L. türü, tıbbi ve aromatik bir bitki olduğundan odun dışı orman ürünü olarak kullanılabilmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında altı farklı bölgeden (Trabzon/Araklı-Arsin-Sarıca popülasyonları, Samsun/Yakakent popülasyonu, Sinop/Erfelek popülasyonu, Bartın/Amasra popülasyonu) elde edilen meyveler kullanılmıştır. Toplanan meyveler üzerinde meyve boyu ve eni değerleri ölçüldükten sonra meyve etleri uzaklaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen tohumlar üzerinde de tohum boyu, tohum eni ve 1.000 tane ağırlığı değerleri tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, 1.000 tane ağırlığı bakımından Trabzon-Sarıca popülasyonu en yüksek (117.55 g) değere sahip olurken meyve ve tohumlar üzerinde yapılan tüm ölçümler açısından (meyve boyu ve eni, tohum boyu ve eni) Samsun-Yakakent popülasyonu en yüksek değerlere sahip olmuştur. Ayrıca, ölçülen tüm karakterlere bağlı olarak istatistiki farklar belirlenmiş ve hiyerarşik kümeleme analizi sonucunda popülasyonlara ilişkin üç farklı grup meydana geldiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu farklılıklar türün doğal yayılış alanı içerisinde morfogenetik varyasyonların olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu türün odun dışı orman ürünü olarak kullanılması için meyve ve tohum boyutları bakımından yüksek değerlere sahip olması nedeniyle Samsun-Yakakent ve Trabzon-Sarıca popülasyonlarının kimyasal içeriklerinin detaylı olarak ele alınması önerilebilir.

References

  • Asımgil, A., 2003. Şifalı Bitkiler. Timaş Yayınları, İstanbul, 352 s.
  • Azap, E., Yalçın, E., Çavuşoğlu, K., 2017. Smilax excelsa L. ekstraktlarının Ames/Salmonella/Mikrozom test sistemi İle antimutajenik etkisinin araştırılması. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 5(2), 622-631.
  • Balandrin, M.F., Klocke, J.A., 1988. Medicinal, aromatic, and industrial materials from plants. In Bajaj, Y. P. S. (Ed.) Medicinal and Aromatic Plants I (vol. 4), pp.3-36. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  • Ban, J.Y., Cho, S.O., Koh, S.B., Song, K.S., Bae, K., Seong, Y.H., 2006. Protection of β amyloid protein (25-35)-induced neurotoxicity by methanol extract of Smilacis chinae rhizome in cultured rat cortical neurons. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 106, 230-237.
  • Baytop, T., 1984. Türkiye’de Bitkiler ile Tedavi (Geçmiste ve Bugün). İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları, Yayın No: 3255, Eczacılık Fakültesi Yayın No: 40, İstanbul, 520 s.
  • Baytop, T., 1999. Therapy with medicinal plants in Turkey (Past and Present). Istanbul: Nobel Tip Kitabevleri Press.
  • Cameron, K.M., Fu, C.X., 2006. A nuclear rDNA phylogeny of Smilax (Smilacaceae). Aliso, 22, 598.
  • Chen, T., Li, J., Cao, J., Xu, Q., Komatsu, K., Namba, T., 1999. A new flavanone isolated from rhizoma Smilacis glabrae and the structural requirements of its derivatives for preventing immunological hepatocyte damage. Planta Medica, 65, 56-59.
  • Chen, X.Q., Koyama, T., 2000. Smilax. pp. 96-115 in: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, R.H. (eds.), Flora of China, vol. 24. Beijing: Science.
  • Davis, P.H., 1984. Smilax L. In: Davis PH (ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 8, pp. 70-72. Edinburgh; Edinburgh University Press.
  • Eminağaoğlu, Ö., Aksu, G., 2018. Smilax L. (Ed. Ü. Akkemik) Türkiye’nin Doğal-Egzotik Ağaç ve Çalıları. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Ankara, s. 613-614.
  • Gentry, A.H., 1991. The Distribution and Evolution of Climbing Plants. pp. 3-49 in: Putz, R.E., Mooney, H.A. (eds.), The biology of vines, New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Gorecki, P., 2002. Vitafoods und Kosmetika: Arzneipflanzen erobern sich neue Wirkungsbereiche. Drogenreport, 28, 9-15.
  • Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T. (edlr), 2012. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, pp. 1290, İstanbul.
  • Herrera, C.M., 1981. Fruit variation and competition for dispersers in natural populations of Smilax aspera. Oikos, 36(5), 1-58.
  • Iqbal, M., 1993. International trade in non-wood forest products: an overview. FAO, Rome.
  • ISTA, 1993. International rules for seed testing. Seed Science and Technology, 21, 1-288.
  • Ivanova, A., Mikhova, B., Kostova, I., Evstatieva, L., 2010. Bioactive chemical constituents from Smilax excelsa. Chem Nat Compd, 46, 295-297.
  • Jiang, J., Xu, Q., 2003. Immunomodulatory activity of the aqueous extract from rhizome of Smilax glabra in the later phase of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 85, 53-59.
  • King, S.R., 1992. Conservation and Tropical Medicinal Research. Shaman Pharmaceutical Incorporated, p. 650.
  • Koyama, T., 1984. A taxonomie revision of the genus Heterosmilax (Smilacaceae). Brittonia, 36, 184-205.
  • Lange, D., 1996. Untersuchungen zum Heilpflanzen-handel in Deutschland: ein Beitrag zum internationalen Artenschutz. Bundesamt für Naturschutz, Bonn-Bad Godesberg.
  • Navarro, M.C., Montilla, M.P., Cabo, M.M., Galisteo, M., Ca´ceres, A., Morales, C., Berger, I., 2003. Antibacterial, antiprotozoal and antioxidant activity of five plants used in Izabal for infectious diseases. Phytotherapy Research, 17, 325-329.
  • Neves, J.M., Matos, C., Moutinho, C., Queiroz, G., Gomes, L.R., 2009. Ethnopharmacological notes about ancient uses of medicinal plants in Trás-os-Montes (northern of Portugal). Journal of Ethno-pharmacology, 124(2), 270-283.
  • Ohrmann, R., 1991. Pflanzenextrakte in Haushaltspro-dukten. Dragoco Report (Holzminden). 3, 67-76.
  • Özgül-Yücel, S., 2005. Determination of conjugated linolenic acid content of selected oil seeds grown in Turkey. J Amer Oil Chem Soc, 82(12), 893-897.
  • Özsoy, N., Can, A., Yanardağ, R., Akev, N., 2008. Antioxidant activity of Smilax excelsa L. leaf extracts. Food Chemistry, 110(3), 571-583.
  • Özsoy, N., Okyar, A., Arda-Pirinçci, P., Can, A., Bolkent, Ş., Akev, N., 2013. Evaluation of Smilax excelsa L. use in experimentally induced nephrotoxicity. Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg, 19, 807-814.
  • Rao, M.R., Palada, M.C., Becker, B.N., 2004. Medicinal and aromatic plants in agroforestry systems. In New Vistas in Agroforestry (pp.107-122). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Ungson, L.B., Sastrapradja, S., 1976. Variation in Smilax species [Sarsaparilla] of Java [Indonesia]. BIOTROP Bulletin.
  • Walter, S., 2001. Non-wood forest products in Africa: a regional and national overview. Les produits forestiers non ligneux en Afrique: un aperçu régional et national. FAO Forestry Department, Rome. Working Paper/Document de Travail nr. FOPW/01/1.
  • Yıldız, Ö.Ş., Ayanoğlu, F., Bahadırlı, N.P., 2018. Some morphological and chemical characteristics of Sarsaparilla (Smilax aspera L., Smilax excelsa L.). Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 23 (2), 254-261.

Fruit and seed diversity of Smilax excelsa in the Black Sea Region, Turkey

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 8, 01.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.536862

Abstract

Smilax excelsa L., a member of the Smilacaceae family, can be used as a non-wood forest product because it is a medicinal and aromatic plant. In this study, fruits obtained from six different regions (Araklı-Arsin-Sarıca populations in Trabzon province, Yakakent population in Samsun province, Erfelek population in Sinop province, Amasra population in Bartın province) were used. After measuring the fruit length and width values on the collected fruits, the fruit fleshes were removed. Then, on the obtained seeds, the seed length, seed width, and 1000 seed weight values were determined. As a result of the study, Trabzon-Sarıca population had the highest value (117.55 g) in terms of 1000 seed weight, while the Samsun-Yakakent population had the highest values in terms of all measurements made on fruits and seeds (fruit length and width, seed length and width). In addition, statistical differences were determined depending on all characteristics measured and it was found that three different groups of populations were formed as a result of hierarchical cluster analysis. These differences show that there are morphogenetic variations within the natural distribution areas of the species. Detailed consideration of the chemical contents of Samsun-Yakakent and Trabzon-Sarıca populations can be suggested because of the high values in terms of fruit and seed dimensions for the use of these species as non-wood forest products.

References

  • Asımgil, A., 2003. Şifalı Bitkiler. Timaş Yayınları, İstanbul, 352 s.
  • Azap, E., Yalçın, E., Çavuşoğlu, K., 2017. Smilax excelsa L. ekstraktlarının Ames/Salmonella/Mikrozom test sistemi İle antimutajenik etkisinin araştırılması. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 5(2), 622-631.
  • Balandrin, M.F., Klocke, J.A., 1988. Medicinal, aromatic, and industrial materials from plants. In Bajaj, Y. P. S. (Ed.) Medicinal and Aromatic Plants I (vol. 4), pp.3-36. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  • Ban, J.Y., Cho, S.O., Koh, S.B., Song, K.S., Bae, K., Seong, Y.H., 2006. Protection of β amyloid protein (25-35)-induced neurotoxicity by methanol extract of Smilacis chinae rhizome in cultured rat cortical neurons. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 106, 230-237.
  • Baytop, T., 1984. Türkiye’de Bitkiler ile Tedavi (Geçmiste ve Bugün). İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları, Yayın No: 3255, Eczacılık Fakültesi Yayın No: 40, İstanbul, 520 s.
  • Baytop, T., 1999. Therapy with medicinal plants in Turkey (Past and Present). Istanbul: Nobel Tip Kitabevleri Press.
  • Cameron, K.M., Fu, C.X., 2006. A nuclear rDNA phylogeny of Smilax (Smilacaceae). Aliso, 22, 598.
  • Chen, T., Li, J., Cao, J., Xu, Q., Komatsu, K., Namba, T., 1999. A new flavanone isolated from rhizoma Smilacis glabrae and the structural requirements of its derivatives for preventing immunological hepatocyte damage. Planta Medica, 65, 56-59.
  • Chen, X.Q., Koyama, T., 2000. Smilax. pp. 96-115 in: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, R.H. (eds.), Flora of China, vol. 24. Beijing: Science.
  • Davis, P.H., 1984. Smilax L. In: Davis PH (ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 8, pp. 70-72. Edinburgh; Edinburgh University Press.
  • Eminağaoğlu, Ö., Aksu, G., 2018. Smilax L. (Ed. Ü. Akkemik) Türkiye’nin Doğal-Egzotik Ağaç ve Çalıları. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Ankara, s. 613-614.
  • Gentry, A.H., 1991. The Distribution and Evolution of Climbing Plants. pp. 3-49 in: Putz, R.E., Mooney, H.A. (eds.), The biology of vines, New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Gorecki, P., 2002. Vitafoods und Kosmetika: Arzneipflanzen erobern sich neue Wirkungsbereiche. Drogenreport, 28, 9-15.
  • Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T. (edlr), 2012. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, pp. 1290, İstanbul.
  • Herrera, C.M., 1981. Fruit variation and competition for dispersers in natural populations of Smilax aspera. Oikos, 36(5), 1-58.
  • Iqbal, M., 1993. International trade in non-wood forest products: an overview. FAO, Rome.
  • ISTA, 1993. International rules for seed testing. Seed Science and Technology, 21, 1-288.
  • Ivanova, A., Mikhova, B., Kostova, I., Evstatieva, L., 2010. Bioactive chemical constituents from Smilax excelsa. Chem Nat Compd, 46, 295-297.
  • Jiang, J., Xu, Q., 2003. Immunomodulatory activity of the aqueous extract from rhizome of Smilax glabra in the later phase of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 85, 53-59.
  • King, S.R., 1992. Conservation and Tropical Medicinal Research. Shaman Pharmaceutical Incorporated, p. 650.
  • Koyama, T., 1984. A taxonomie revision of the genus Heterosmilax (Smilacaceae). Brittonia, 36, 184-205.
  • Lange, D., 1996. Untersuchungen zum Heilpflanzen-handel in Deutschland: ein Beitrag zum internationalen Artenschutz. Bundesamt für Naturschutz, Bonn-Bad Godesberg.
  • Navarro, M.C., Montilla, M.P., Cabo, M.M., Galisteo, M., Ca´ceres, A., Morales, C., Berger, I., 2003. Antibacterial, antiprotozoal and antioxidant activity of five plants used in Izabal for infectious diseases. Phytotherapy Research, 17, 325-329.
  • Neves, J.M., Matos, C., Moutinho, C., Queiroz, G., Gomes, L.R., 2009. Ethnopharmacological notes about ancient uses of medicinal plants in Trás-os-Montes (northern of Portugal). Journal of Ethno-pharmacology, 124(2), 270-283.
  • Ohrmann, R., 1991. Pflanzenextrakte in Haushaltspro-dukten. Dragoco Report (Holzminden). 3, 67-76.
  • Özgül-Yücel, S., 2005. Determination of conjugated linolenic acid content of selected oil seeds grown in Turkey. J Amer Oil Chem Soc, 82(12), 893-897.
  • Özsoy, N., Can, A., Yanardağ, R., Akev, N., 2008. Antioxidant activity of Smilax excelsa L. leaf extracts. Food Chemistry, 110(3), 571-583.
  • Özsoy, N., Okyar, A., Arda-Pirinçci, P., Can, A., Bolkent, Ş., Akev, N., 2013. Evaluation of Smilax excelsa L. use in experimentally induced nephrotoxicity. Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg, 19, 807-814.
  • Rao, M.R., Palada, M.C., Becker, B.N., 2004. Medicinal and aromatic plants in agroforestry systems. In New Vistas in Agroforestry (pp.107-122). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Ungson, L.B., Sastrapradja, S., 1976. Variation in Smilax species [Sarsaparilla] of Java [Indonesia]. BIOTROP Bulletin.
  • Walter, S., 2001. Non-wood forest products in Africa: a regional and national overview. Les produits forestiers non ligneux en Afrique: un aperçu régional et national. FAO Forestry Department, Rome. Working Paper/Document de Travail nr. FOPW/01/1.
  • Yıldız, Ö.Ş., Ayanoğlu, F., Bahadırlı, N.P., 2018. Some morphological and chemical characteristics of Sarsaparilla (Smilax aspera L., Smilax excelsa L.). Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 23 (2), 254-261.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Forest Industry Engineering
Journal Section Growing
Authors

Fahrettin Atar 0000-0003-4594-8148

Ali Bayraktar 0000-0002-8420-7089

Nebahat Yıldırım 0000-0002-1795-050X

İbrahim Turna 0000-0003-4408-1327

Deniz Güney 0000-0001-7222-6162

Publication Date June 1, 2020
Submission Date March 7, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Atar, F., Bayraktar, A., Yıldırım, N., Turna, İ., et al. (2020). Fruit and seed diversity of Smilax excelsa in the Black Sea Region, Turkey. Ormancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 7(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.536862
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