Bakteriler Şehri

Year 2024, , 11 - 21, 29.06.2024

Nurdan Filik Fethi Filik

https://doi.org/10.56171/ojn.1446829

Abstract

Özellikle canlı dokular, implantlar, kateterler, kalp pilleri, protez kalp kapakçıkları, kompozit reçineler, cam iyonomer simanlar, kronik yaralar, kontakt lensler ve seramik malzemeler vb. artık tüm yüzeylerdeki bakterilerin mikro-sosyal bir yaşam tarzı yaşadıkları kanıtlanmıştır. Quorum Sensing System (QS), N-Açil Homoserin Lakton (AHL) sinyal molekülleri aracılığıyla iletişim kurarak hayati önemdeki virülens faktörlerinden biri olan biyofilm katmanını oluşturur. Robert Koch’un 1884 yılında yayınlanan varsayımlarının tartışılmasıyla 1978'de Bill Costerton, kronik enfeksiyonlarda biyofilm hasarının büyüklüğü hususunda uyarılarda bulundu. 2012 yılında Biyofilmin babası Costerton’un biyofilm konulu araştırmaları çığır açtı. Smith’in 1905 yılında ilk kez gündeme getirdiği “Bakteri-bakteri iletişimi” kavramı QS sistemiyle, bu sistemin en önemli virülens faktörü olan biyofilm, enfeksiyon hastalıklarını devasa bilimsel bir boyuta geçirmiştir. Biyofilmlerin içinde bakteriler kolaylıkla üreyebiliyor ve birbirleriyle iletişim kurabiliyor, aslında bakterilerin birbirleriyle ışık hızında QS iletişim kurduğu bir fiber optik sistem vardır. Biyofilm, Watnick ve Kolter (2000) tarafından 'Mikroplar Şehri' olarak tanımlanmıştır. Biyofilm, tutkal benzeri bir filmle bir arada tutulan ve korunan farklı mikroorganizmaların bir karışımıdır. Bakterilerin, mantarların, mayaların, küflerin, mikotoksinlerin, virüslerin ve parazitlerin korunmak ve bağışıklık sisteminden kaçmak için oluşturduğu sümüksü bir matris ve kaplamadır. Düzensiz bir sinir sistemi, bağışıklık sisteminin vergilendirilmesine yol açabilir. Bu tutkal benzeri balçık tabakası bakteriler için koruyucu bir 'uyku tulumu' oluşturur, böylece bir yandan kronik hastalıklar yaratırken bir yandan da içinizde gelişmek olan en iyi yaptıkları şeyi yapmaya devam edebilirler. Bağışıklık sistemi bakterileri tam olarak tanır ancak biyofilm gibi koruyucu bir tabaka nedeniyle onlara ulaşamaz ve çoğu zaman otoimmün bir durum yaratır veya etkili olamaz. Özetle, biyofilmin anlaşılması, biyofilmle ilişkili hastalıkların yönetilmesi ve ortadan kaldırılması için hayati öneme sahiptir. Bu nedenle mevcut inceleme, biyofilm, biyofilm mimarisi ve bunun tüm canlıların sağlığı ve hastalıkları üzerindeki etkilerini kapsayan güncel kavramları tartışmaktadır.

Keywords

Bakteriler şehri, Bakteri, Biyofilm, Çevreyi Algılama Sistemi (QS), Bağışıklık sistemi

City of Bacteria

Abstract

Especially living tissues, implants, catheters, pacemakers, prosthetic heart valves, composite resins, glass ionomer cements, chronic wounds, contact lenses and ceramic materials, etc. It has now been proven that bacteria on all surfaces live a micro-social lifestyle by using Quorum Sensing System (QS), communicating through N-Acyl Homoserine Lactone (AHL) signaling molecules, and forming biofilm layer, which is one of most vital virulence factors. In 1978, with discussions of Robert Koch's hypotheses published in 1884, Bill Costerton warned about magnitude of biofilm damage in chronic infections. In 2012, Father of biofilm Bill Costerton broke new ground in his research on biofilm. The concept of "Cell-to-cell communication", which Smith first brought to agenda in 1905, has brought infectious diseases to huge scientific level with QS system and biofilm, which is most important virulence factor of this system. Within the biofilms, bacteria can easily reproduce and communicate with each other, there’s actually a fiber optic system that bacteria communicate with each other at speed of light, QS. Biofilm was defined as a ‘City of Microbes’ by Watnick and Kolter, (2000). Biofilm is mixture of different microorganisms that are held together and protected by glue-like film. It’s a slimy matrix and coating that bacteria, fungi, yeast, mold, mycotoxins, viruses and parasites create in order to stay protected and elude immun system. A dysregulated nervous system can lead to taxed immune system. This layer of glue-like slime creates a protective ‘sleeping bag’ for bacteria, so they can continue to do what they do best, which is thriving in you, while creating chronic diseases. The immune system fully recognizes bacteria, however, can’t get to them due to the protective layer as biofilm, thus many times creating an autoimmune situation or cannot effective. In summary, understanding of biofilm is vital to manage and to eradicate biofilm-related diseases. The current review is, therefore, an effort to encompass the current concepts in biofilm, biofilm architectural and its implications in all living creature health and disease.

Keywords

City of bacteria, Bacteria, Biofilm, Quorum Sensing System (QS), Immune system

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