Research Article

The Harbour at Aphendrika During The Early Byzantine Period and the Maritime Activity on the North-Eastern Coast of Cyprus

Volume: 32 Number: XXXIII April 8, 2024
TR EN

The Harbour at Aphendrika During The Early Byzantine Period and the Maritime Activity on the North-Eastern Coast of Cyprus

Abstract

This paper offers new insights into the under-researched rural maritime si- tes of Cyprus’s north-eastern coast of the Early Byzantine period. It focuses on the likewise under-researched coastal site at Aphendrika and its natural harbour bay in the eastern part of the Karpas peninsula, which can probably be identified with the ancient Hellenistic Urania. Its few built and rock-cut harbour facilities and the remains of the rural economy, such as weightstones and press-beds linked to olive oil production, were investigated and docu- mented by non-invasive methods, by a ground- and aerial survey. A conside- rable amount of surface sherds from the harbour bay, its shallow water and the bay’s close surroundings were rescued from further destruction and disap- pearance, transferred to the archaeological depot, documented and typologi- cally classified. Based on a few limited earlier studies about the historic site at Aphendrika, on the analysis of other ancient Cypriot sites with harbours or anchorages and on our own site analyses the paper argues that the har- bour and its largely unknown settlement served as a gateway emporion which connected the coast with its local hinterland and attracted especially coastal maritime traffic. The amphora spectrum is predominantly Eastern Mediterra- nean, among which the Late Roman Amphora 1 dominates. Abundant traces of lever-and-screw presses attest to a surplus production which certainly was exported through the harbour. The rural economy was probably controlled by a local elite. This elite who has similarly been attested for Early Byzantine sites at the south coast of Cyprus materializes through two 6th-century chur- ches and a single marble pilaster capital which might derive from a wealthy rural estate. Finally, the results from Aphendrika were embedded into data gained from a map-, literature- and physical survey concerning previously known and potentially new ancient harbour or anchorage sites on the nort h-eastern coast of Cyprus, between Kyrenia and Cape Andreas. The identification of potentially new sites is based on specifically developed indicative criteria, leading to the conclusion that the maritime activity on the island’s north coast was more intensi- ve than described in previous scholarship.

Keywords

References

  1. Argoud et al. 1980 Argoud, G. – O. Callot – B. Helly, Une Résidence Byzantine “L’Huilerie” (=Salamine de Chypre 11), Paris.
  2. Baika 2013 Baika, K., “Small–scale and rock–cut naval bases”, in: Blackman, D. – Rankov, B. – Baika, K. – Gerding, H. – Pakkanen, J. (eds.), Shipsheds of the Ancient Mediterranean, New York, 231-253. Balandier 2002 Balandier, C., “La défense des territoires à Chypre de l’époque archaïque aux invasions arabes (VIIIe s. av. n.è. - VIIe s. de n.è.)”, Dialogues d’histoire ancienne 28, 1, 175-206.
  3. Bekker-Nielsen 2004 Bekker-Nielsen, T., The Roads of Ancient Cyprus, Copenhagen.
  4. Carstens 2006 Carstens, A. M. “Cypriot Chamber Tombs”, in: Wriedt Sørensen, L. – Winther Jacobsen, K. (eds), Panayia Ematousa II. Political, cultural, ethnic and social relations in Cyprus. Approaches to regional studies (=Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens 6, 2), Athens, 125-179.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Archaeological Science, Archaeology of Europe, The Mediterranean and The Levant

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Marko Kiessel *
0000-0002-3944-5467
Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti

Ahmet Murat Saymanlıer
0000-0001-9496-211X
Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti

Meray Taluğ
0000-0001-7951-8387
Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti

Publication Date

April 8, 2024

Submission Date

October 31, 2023

Acceptance Date

January 10, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2024 Volume: 32 Number: XXXIII

APA
Kiessel, M., Saymanlıer, A. M., & Taluğ, M. (2024). The Harbour at Aphendrika During The Early Byzantine Period and the Maritime Activity on the North-Eastern Coast of Cyprus. OLBA, 32(XXXIII), 143-171. https://izlik.org/JA74CS96KC
AMA
1.Kiessel M, Saymanlıer AM, Taluğ M. The Harbour at Aphendrika During The Early Byzantine Period and the Maritime Activity on the North-Eastern Coast of Cyprus. OLBA. 2024;32(XXXIII):143-171. https://izlik.org/JA74CS96KC
Chicago
Kiessel, Marko, Ahmet Murat Saymanlıer, and Meray Taluğ. 2024. “The Harbour at Aphendrika During The Early Byzantine Period and the Maritime Activity on the North-Eastern Coast of Cyprus”. OLBA 32 (XXXIII): 143-71. https://izlik.org/JA74CS96KC.
EndNote
Kiessel M, Saymanlıer AM, Taluğ M (April 1, 2024) The Harbour at Aphendrika During The Early Byzantine Period and the Maritime Activity on the North-Eastern Coast of Cyprus. OLBA 32 XXXIII 143–171.
IEEE
[1]M. Kiessel, A. M. Saymanlıer, and M. Taluğ, “The Harbour at Aphendrika During The Early Byzantine Period and the Maritime Activity on the North-Eastern Coast of Cyprus”, OLBA, vol. 32, no. XXXIII, pp. 143–171, Apr. 2024, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA74CS96KC
ISNAD
Kiessel, Marko - Saymanlıer, Ahmet Murat - Taluğ, Meray. “The Harbour at Aphendrika During The Early Byzantine Period and the Maritime Activity on the North-Eastern Coast of Cyprus”. OLBA 32/XXXIII (April 1, 2024): 143-171. https://izlik.org/JA74CS96KC.
JAMA
1.Kiessel M, Saymanlıer AM, Taluğ M. The Harbour at Aphendrika During The Early Byzantine Period and the Maritime Activity on the North-Eastern Coast of Cyprus. OLBA. 2024;32:143–171.
MLA
Kiessel, Marko, et al. “The Harbour at Aphendrika During The Early Byzantine Period and the Maritime Activity on the North-Eastern Coast of Cyprus”. OLBA, vol. 32, no. XXXIII, Apr. 2024, pp. 143-71, https://izlik.org/JA74CS96KC.
Vancouver
1.Marko Kiessel, Ahmet Murat Saymanlıer, Meray Taluğ. The Harbour at Aphendrika During The Early Byzantine Period and the Maritime Activity on the North-Eastern Coast of Cyprus. OLBA [Internet]. 2024 Apr. 1;32(XXXIII):143-71. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA74CS96KC