Research Article

Penkalas Hoards from Aizanoi

Volume: 32 Number: XXXIII April 8, 2024
TR EN

Penkalas Hoards from Aizanoi

Abstract

This study presents the initial evaluations and observations of the hoards unearthed during the 2019 excavation season at Aizanoi, called Penkalas I and Penkalas II. Penkalas I includes denarii and cistophori from both the Roman Republican and Imperial periods, whereas Penkalas II solely contains Roman Republican and Imperial cistophori. Penkalas I is comprised of 651 coins 435 of which are denarii and 216 are cistophori. Of the coins in the hoard, 295 denarii and 42 cistophori were minted during the Republican period, with 141 denarii and 174 cistophori from the Imperial period. The hoard dated between 76/75 - 7/6 BC. Penkalas II features only 10 cistophori, with 1 belonging to Marcus Antonius and the remaining 9 to Augustus, all minted between 39 BC and 19/18 BC. Apart from the Penkalas I hoard, another hoard of similar content is the Halikarnassos hoard of denarii and cistophori from the late 2nd-1st century BC, discovered in 1975. These two hoards are of significant importance in comprehending the scale of the circulation of Roman Republican denarii within the Provincia Asia, which has long been debated. In this context, the Penkalas I hoard is a significant find that has contributed to the discussion on Roman intervention in the coinage system in Asia Minor and the circulation of Roman Republican denarii in this region. Moreover, it is crucial in demonstrating the continued importance of cistophori in the Augustan period. Roman currency was fully established in the coinage system of Asia Minor during the second half of the 1st century BC. This coinciding with the spread of Civil War struggles to Asia Minor and other parts of Anatolia, in addition to the Roman military presence there. Furthermore, this establishment took place during the period in which Augustus assumed sole responsibility for Roman administration. The Halikarnassos hoard, the Penkalas I hoard and the denarii findings from various excavations, as well as the denarii in mu- seum collections (although their provenance is uncertain, they can at least be statistically evaluated), strengthen the idea that Roman republican coinage was established and that the denarius became the primary silver currency in the area, especially from the 40s BC onwards.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Archaeological Science, Numismatics

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

April 8, 2024

Submission Date

October 25, 2023

Acceptance Date

January 2, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2024 Volume: 32 Number: XXXIII

APA
Köker, H. (2024). Penkalas Hoards from Aizanoi. OLBA, 32(XXXIII), 217-237. https://izlik.org/JA78YD62LS
AMA
1.Köker H. Penkalas Hoards from Aizanoi. OLBA. 2024;32(XXXIII):217-237. https://izlik.org/JA78YD62LS
Chicago
Köker, Hüseyin. 2024. “Penkalas Hoards from Aizanoi”. OLBA 32 (XXXIII): 217-37. https://izlik.org/JA78YD62LS.
EndNote
Köker H (April 1, 2024) Penkalas Hoards from Aizanoi. OLBA 32 XXXIII 217–237.
IEEE
[1]H. Köker, “Penkalas Hoards from Aizanoi”, OLBA, vol. 32, no. XXXIII, pp. 217–237, Apr. 2024, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA78YD62LS
ISNAD
Köker, Hüseyin. “Penkalas Hoards from Aizanoi”. OLBA 32/XXXIII (April 1, 2024): 217-237. https://izlik.org/JA78YD62LS.
JAMA
1.Köker H. Penkalas Hoards from Aizanoi. OLBA. 2024;32:217–237.
MLA
Köker, Hüseyin. “Penkalas Hoards from Aizanoi”. OLBA, vol. 32, no. XXXIII, Apr. 2024, pp. 217-3, https://izlik.org/JA78YD62LS.
Vancouver
1.Hüseyin Köker. Penkalas Hoards from Aizanoi. OLBA [Internet]. 2024 Apr. 1;32(XXXIII):217-3. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA78YD62LS