Arşivlerin Osmanlı Dönemi’nde Konstantin Şehrinin Anlaşılması ve Yeniden İnşasına Katkısı

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 30, 375 - 395, 20.07.2024

Mouhieddine Kherouatou Badia Belabed

Abstract

Bu çalışma, 15. yüzyıldan 19. yüzyıl başlarına kadar olan dönemde Cezayir'in Konstantin şehrinin kentsel tarihini ve mimari yapısını ortaya çıkarmak için Osmanlı arşivlerini incelemekte ve 'Daftar rusūmʾamlāk balad Qaṣanṭīna' adlı mülkiyet tapu kayıtları defterine odaklanmaktadır. Çalışma, mülklerin yerlerini, işlevlerini ve mülkiyet alım satım işlemlerini detaylı bir şekilde ele almakta, camilerin (ǧāmaʿ), mescitlerin (zāwiya) ve eğitim kurumlarının (medreseler) mimari ve sosyal rollerini incelemektedir. Araştırma ayrıca, sokak ve mahalle toponimileri üzerinden kentsel peyzajı değerlendirir, pazar (sūq) ve han (funduq) ağlarını, yerleşimlerini ve uzmanlık alanlarını analiz ederek ekonomik çerçeveleri incelemektedir. Ek olarak, kamu meydanlarının (raḥba ve baṭḥa) değerlendirilmesini içermekte ve belirtilen dönemde Konstantin’in kentsel mahallelerinin yeniden yapılandırılmasına yardımcı olan parçalı ancak kapsamlı bir veri mozaiği sunmaktadır.

Keywords

Konstantin, Osmanlı Arşivleri, Tapu, rusūm al-ʾamlāk

The Contribution of Archives to Understanding and Reconstructing the City of Constantine During the Ottoman Period

Abstract

This study explores the Ottoman archives to uncover the urban history and the architectural layout of Constantine, Algeria, focusing on the 'Daftar rusūmʾamlāk balad Qaṣanṭīna', a registry of property deeds from the 15th to the early 19th century. It provides detailed insights into property locations, functions, and ownership transactions, alongside the architectural and social roles of mosques (ǧāmaʿ), chapels (zāwiya), and educational institutions (madrasas). The research also examines the urban landscape through street and neighborhood toponymy, and delves into economic frameworks by analyzing market (sūq) and inn (funduq) networks, their placements, and specializations. Additionally, it includes an evaluation of public squares (raḥba and baṭḥa), offering a fragmented yet detailed mosaic of data that assists in reconstructing the urban quarters of Constantine during the specified period.

Keywords

Constantine, Deeds Ottoman Archives, rusūm al-amlāk

References

• Barkan, Ömer Lûtfi, and Hüseyin Özdeğer. Osmanlı Devleti’nin sosyal ve ekonomik tarihi: Osmanlı Devlet arşivleri üzerinde tetkikler-makaleler. İktisat Fakültesi (Series). İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Rektörlük, 2000.
• Ben-Hamouche, Mustapha. “Urban Regulation in Islamic Law through an Ottoman Manuscript.” Journal of Islamic Law and Culture 12, no. 3 (October 1, 2010): 284–307.
• Benidir, Fatiha. “Urbanisme et planification urbaine. le cas de Constantine.” Dctorat d’état, Université Mentouri, 2007.
• Bozdoğan, Sibel. “Zeynep Çelik. The Remaking of İstanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1986.” New Perspectives on Turkey 2 (April 1988): 57–59. https://doi.org/10.15184/S0896634600000157.
• Dahdouh, Abdelkadir. Tārīḫ Wa ʾāṯār Madīnat Qasanṭīna Ḫilāl Alfatra Al-Islāmiyya. Constantine: Numidia, 2015.
• Dahdouh, Andelkader. “Madīnat Qasanṭīna ḫilāl al-ʿahd al-ʿuṯmānī. Dirāsat ʿumrāniyya aṯariyya.” Thèse de doctorat ès-sciences, Université Bouzareah. Dpt d’Archéologie, 2010.
• Devoisins, Valentin. Expéditions de Constantine, accompagnées de réflexions sur nos possessions d’Afrique. Paris: Roret : Anselin, 1840.
• Eldem, Edhem. A History of the Ottoman Bank. Ottoman Bank Historical Research Center, 1999.
• Faroqhi, Suraiya. Approaching Ottoman History: An Introduction to the Sources. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511605710.
• ———. Subjects of the Sultan : Culture and Daily Life in the Ottoman Empire. London ; New York : I.B. Tauris ; New York : In the United States of America and in Canada distributed by Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
• Féraud, Charles Louis. “Les Anciens Établissements Religieux Musulmans de Constantine.” Revue Africaine, no. 12 (1868): 121–33. Gerber, Haim. Economy and Society in an Ottoman City: Bursa, 1600-1700. Hebrew University, 1988.
• ———. State, Society, and Law in Islam: Ottoman Law in Comparative Perspective. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1994.
• Grangaud, Isabelle. “Autour de l’étude Des Villes de La Régence d’Alger: Le Cas de Constantine.” Antiquités Africaines 40, no. 1 (2004): 289–99.
• Guechi, Fatima-Zohra. Qaçantina, Fî’ahdi Salâh Bay, Bay al Bayat. Constantine: Média-Plus, 2005.
• ———. Siǧil Ṣālaḥ Bay Lilʾawqāf 1185-1207 h (1771-1792). Constantine: Dār Bahāʾ Al-dīn, 2009.
• İnalcık, Halil, and Donald Quataert. An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1914. Cambridge University Press, 1994.
• Kherouatou, Mouhieddine, Mouatez-Billah Boussouf, and Badia Belabed-Sahraoui. “Urban History of Constantine in the Ottoman Period: A Methodology for the Digital Management of Primary Sources.” Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association 9, no. 2 (2022): 137–43. https://doi.org/10.2979/tur.2022.a902162.
• Mercier, Ernest. “Constantine avant la conquête française 1837; notice sur cette ville à l’époque du dernier bey.” Recueil des notices et mémoires de la Société archéologique du département de Constantine 19 (1878): 43–96.
• Mercier, Ernest. “Planche n°IV: ‘Constantine Avant La Conquête Française 1837’ in Recueil Des Notices et Mémoires de La Société Archéologique Du Département de Constantine Vol 19.” sans echelle. Constantine: Imprimerie L. Arnolet, Ad. Braham, succ., 1878.
• Müller, Christian. “Les ventes de biens immobiliers au XIVe siècle : étude des actes du Haram al-Sharif à Jérusalem.” In Faire la preuve de la propriété : droits et savoir en Méditerranée (Antiquité-Temps modernes). -. Rome: École française de Rome, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1400/182213.
• Pagand, Bernard. La médina de Constantine, Algérie : de la ville traditionnelle au centre de l’agglomération contemporaine. Poitiers: Centre interuniversitaire d’études méditerranéennes, Université de Poitiers, 1989.
• Pamuk, Sevket. A Monetary History of the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge University Press, 2000.
• Peirce, Leslie P. The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Edition Unstated. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
• Raymond, André. “Les Caractéristiques d’une Ville Arabe «moyenne» Au XVIIIe Siècle. Le Cas de Constantine.” Revue de l’Occident Musulman et de La Méditerranée 44, no. 1 (1987): 134–47.
• Saidouni, Nacereddin. Waraqāt Ǧazāʾiriyya. Dirāsāt Wa Abḥāṯ Fī Tārīḫ al-Ǧazāʾir Fī al-ʿahd al-ʿuṯmānī. 2nd edition. Alger: Dār al-baṣāʾir, 2009.
• Temimi, Abdeljelil. Le Beylik de Constantine et Ḥād̲j ʻAḥmed Bey (1830-1837). Tunis: Revue d’histoire maghrébine, 1978.
• Vayssetes, Eugène. “Histoire de Constantine Sous La Domination Turque. De 1517 à 1837.” Recueil Des Notices et Mémoires de La Société Archéologique de La Province de Constantine. Volume 11, 1867, L. Arnolet, Librairie éditeur edition.
• Ze’Evi, Dror. “The Use of Ottoman Sharia Court Records As a Source for Middle Eastern Social History: A Reappraisal.” ILS Islamic Law and Society 5, no. 1 (1998): 35–56.