Overview of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Abstract

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the intravenous administration of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) to restore blood cell production in individuals whose bone marrow or immune system is damaged or dysfunctional. This approach has been utilized to treat a variety of malignant and nonmalignant disorders for the past half-century. HSCT is performed in two ways, autologous and allogeneic. In the clinic, the type of stem cell transplant is decided for the patient according to the patient's diagnosis. Both types of transplantation have advantages as well as disadvantages. Knowing and managing the HSCT process well affects the success of the transplant. Knowing the complications that may occur after transplantation will facilitate the treatment process of the patient. In this short review, the HSCT process has been tried to be explained with general titles.

Keywords

• Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)
• Stem cell (SC)
• Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)
• Graft versus host disease (GVHD).

References

1. Reference1. Hawley RG, Ramezani A, Hawley TS. Hematopoietic stem cells. Methods Enzymol. 2006; 419:149–79.
2. Reference2. Can A. Kök hücre biyolojisi, türleri ve tedavide kullanımları. 2nd ed. Ankara: Akademisyen Kitapevi; 2021. 188 p.
3. Reference3. Lee JY, Hong SH. Hematopoietic stem cells and their roles in tissue regeneration. Int J Stem Cells. 2020;13(1):1.
4. Reference4. Khaddour K, Hana CK, Mewawalla P. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2022 Jun 5]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30725636/
5. Reference5. Skinner R, Lennard A, Veys P. The transplant. In: Cant AJ, Galloway A JG, editors. Practical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 1 st ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing; 2007, p 23.
6. Reference6. Weinberg RS. Hematopoietic progenitor cell products derived from bone marrow and peripheral blood. Transfus Med Hemost. 2019;513–8. Reference7. Mohyuddin GR, Faisal MS, Badar T, Shah N, Bashir Q, Patel KK, et al. A case control study of syngeneic transplantation versus autologous transplantation for multiple myeloma: two decades of experiences from a single center. Leuk Lymphoma [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2022 Jun 6];59(2):515–8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28673185/
7. Reference8. Petersdorf EW. Stem cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies. In: Robert J. Soiffer M, editors. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 2nd ed. USA. Humana Press, 2008. p.26.
8. Reference9. Panch SR, Szymanski J, Savani BN, Stroncek DF. Sources of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and methods to optimize yields for clinical cell therapy. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2022 Jun 6];23(8):1241–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28495640/

9. Reference10. Níchonghaile M. Donor selection. In: Kenyon M, Babic A, editors. The European Blood and marrow transplantation textbook for nurses. EBMT, 2018. Reference11. Ozcelik T. Kök hücre transplantasyonu hazırlama rejimleri ve bunların seçiminde dikkat edilecek hususlar.Türk Hematoloji Derneği, HematoLog, 2021;1-1
10. Reference12. Chia JY, Folz RJ. Pulmonary complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clin Respir Med [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2022 Jun 6];737–46. Available from: https://houstonmethodist-staging.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/pulmonary-complications-of-hematopoietic-stem-cell-transplantatio.
11. Reference13. Slatter, M, Fox S. Pre-transplant assessment. In: Cant A.J GAJ, editors. Practical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 1st ed. Oxford; 2007. p. 14.
12. Reference14. Shiina T, Inoko H, Kulski JK. An update of the HLA genomic region, locus information and disease associations. Tissue Antigens [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2022 Jun 6];64(6):631–49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15546336/
13. Reference15. Cruz-Tapias P, Castiblanco J, Anaya JM. Major histocompatibility complex: Antigen processing and presentation - Autoimmunity - NCBI Bookshelf [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 6]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459467/
14. Reference16. Gorin NC. Bone marrow harvesting for HSCT. EBMT Handb Hematop Stem Cell Transplant Cell Ther [Internet]. 2019[cited 2022 Jun 6];109–15. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32091775/
15. Reference17. Kessinger A, Armitage JO. Harvesting marrow for autologous transplantation from patients with malignancies. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 1987;2(1):15-18
16. Reference18. Ayuk F, Balduzzi A, Carreras E, Dufour C, Mohty M, Kröger N. Donor Selection for Adults and Pediatrics. EBMT Handb Hematop Stem Cell Transplant Cell Ther [Internet]. 2019[cited 2022 Jun 6];87–97. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32091810/
17. Reference19. Küpesiz A. Hematopoetik kök hücre naklinde cmv enfeksiyonu. 8. Ulusal Kemik İliği Transplantasyonu ve Kök Hücre Tedavileri Kongresi, Antalya, 2014.
18. Reference20. Giralt S, Bishop MR. Principles and overview of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cancer Treat Res [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2022 Jun 6];144:1. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC6953421/
19. Reference21.Tanyeli A, Aykut G, Demirel AO, Akçaoğlu T. Hematopoetik kök hücre nakli ve tarihçesi. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Derg [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2022 Jun 6];23(1):1–7. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/aktd/issue/2205/29321