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Radioiodine therapy in benign and malignant thyroid disorders

Year 2012, , 353 - 361, 07.05.2013
https://doi.org/10.5835/jecm.omu.29.s4.025

Abstract

Radioiodine therapy has been an accepted treatment modality of the benign and malignant thyroid disorders. It can be used for the ablation of the hyperfunctioning tissue or postthyroidectomy remnant and treatment of the iodine avid metastases. It is the simplest and safest method of therapy in addition to the effectiveness for most patients.

References

  • Bachmann, J., Kobe, C., Bor, S., Rahlff, I., Dietlein, M., Schicha, H., Schmidt, M., 2009. Radioiodine therapy for thyroid volume reduction of large goitres. Nucl. Med. Commun. 30, 466-471.
  • Bahn, R.S., Burch, H.B., Cooper, D.S., Garber, J.R., Greenlee, M.C., Klein, I., Laurberg, P., McDougall, I.R., Montori, V.M., Rivkees, S.A., Ross, D.S., Sosa, J.A., Stan, M.N., 2011. Hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis: Management guidelines of the American Thyroid Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Thyroid. 21, 593-647.
  • Bhattacharyya, N., Chien, W., 2006. Risk of second primary malignancy after radioactive iodine treatment for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 115, 607-610.
  • Bal, C.S., Kumar, A.., Pant, G.S., 2004. Radioiodine dose for remnant ablation in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: A randomized clinical trial in 509 patients. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 89, 1666-1673.
  • Bartalena, L., Baldeschi, L., Dickinson, A., Eckstein, A., Taylor, P.K., Marcocci, C., Mourits, M., Perros, P., Boboridis, K., Boschi, A., Curro, N., Daumerie, C., Kahaly, G.J., Krassas, G.E., Lane, C.M., Lazarus, J.H., Marino, M., Nardi, M., Neoh, C., Orgiazzi, J., Pearce1, S., Pinchera, A., Pitz, S., Salvi, M., Sivelli, P., Stahl, M., Arx, G.V., Wiersinga, W.M., 2008. Consensus statement of the European Group on Graves' orbi- topathy (EUGOGO) on management of GO. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 158, 273-285.
  • Biermann, K., Biersack, H.J., Sabet, A., Janzen, V. 2011. Alternative therapeutic approaches in the treatment of primary and secondary dedif- ferentiated and medullary thyroid carcinoma. Semin. Nucl. Med. 41, 139-148
  • Canadas, V., Vilar, L., Moura, E., Brito, A., Castellar, E., 2007. Evaluation of radioiodine therapy with fixed doses of 10 and 15mCi in patients with Graves’ disease. Arq. Bras. Endocrinol. Metab. 51, 1069-1076.
  • Chianelli, M., Todino, V., Graziano, F., Panunzi, C., Pace, D., Guglielmi, R., Signore, A., Papini, E., 2009. Low dose (2.0 GBq; 54 mCi) radioio- dine postsurgical remnant ablation in thyroid cancer: Comparison between hormone withdrawal and use of rhTSH in low risk patients. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 160, 431-436.
  • Clarke, S.E.M., 1991. Radionuclide theraphy of the thyroid. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 18, 984-991.
  • Collier, A., Gosh, S., Hair, M., Malik, I., McGarvie, J., 2009. Comparison of two fixed activities of radioiodine therapy (370 vs. 555 MBq) in patients with Graves’ disease. Hormones. 8, 273-278.
  • Cooper, D.S., Doherty, G.M., Haugen, B.R., Kloos, R.T., Lee, S.L., Mandel, S.J., Mazzaferri, E.L., McIver, B., Pacini, F., Schlumberger, M., Sherman, S.I., Steward, D.L., Tuttle, R.M., 2009. Revised American thyroid association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 19, 1-48.
  • Durante, C., Haddy, N.,Baudin, E., Leboulleux, S., Hartl, D., Travagli, J.P., Caillou, B., Richard, M., Lumbroso, J.D., De Vathaire, F., Schlum- berger, M., 2006. Long-term outcome of 444 patients with distant metastases from papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma: Benefits and limits of radioiodine therapy. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 91, 2892-2899.
  • Elgazzar, A.H., Al-Bader, A., 2006. Basis of therapeutic nuclear medicine. In The Pathophysiologic Basis of Nuclear Medicine. A.H. Elgazzar, ed., 2nd edition, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp 521-539.
  • Gupta, S.K., McGrath, S., Rogers, K., Attia, J., Lewis, G., Viswanathan, S., Saul, M., Allen, L., 2010. Fixed dose radioiodine for the treatment of hyperthyroidism: Outcome and its predictors. Intern. Med. J. 40, 854-857.
  • Harbert, J.C., Robertson, J.S., Held, K.D., 1987. Nuclear Medicine Theraphy. Thieme, New York.
  • Henkin, R.E., Del Rowe, J.D., Grigsby, P.W., Hartford, A.C., Jadvar, H., Macklis, R.M., Parker, J.A., Wong, J.Y., Rosenthal, S.A., 2011. ACR- ASTRO Practice guideline for the performance of therapy with unsealed radiopharmaceutical sources. Clin. Nucl. Med. 36, 72-80.
  • Hertz, S., Roberts, A., 1942. Radioactive iodineas indicator in thyroid physiology: Use of radioactive iodine in differential diagnosis of 2 types of Grave’s Disease. J. Clin. Invest. 21, 31-32.
  • Huysmans, D.A., Corstens, F.H., Kloppenborg, P.W., 1991. Long-term follow up in toxic solitary autonomous thyroid nodules treated with ra- dioactive iodine. J. Nucl. Med. 32, 27-39.
  • Iagraru, A., McDougall, I.R., 2007. Treatment of thyrotoxicosis. J. Nucl. Med. 48, 379–389.
  • Iyer, N.G., Morris, L.G.T., Tuttle, R.M., Shaha, A.R., Ganly. I., 2011. Rising incidence of second cancers in patients with low-risk (T1N0) thy- roid cancer who receive radioactive iodine therapy. Cancer. 117, 4439-4446.
  • Kebebew, E., Lindsay, S., Clark, O.H., Woeber, K.A., Hawkins, R., Greenspan, F.S., 2009. Results of rosiglitazone therapy in patients with thyroglobulin-positive and radioiodine-negative advanced differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroidology. 19, 953-956.
  • Kowalsky, R.J., Perry, J.R., 1987. Radipharmaceuticals in Nuclear Medicine Practice. Appleton and Lange, Connecticut. 181-210.
  • Leslie, W.D., Ward, L., Salamon, E.A., Ludwıg, S., Rowe, R.C., Cowden, E.A., 2003. A randomized comparison of radioiodine doses in Graves’ hyperthyroidism. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 88, 978-983.
  • Luster, M., Clarke, S.E., Dietlein, M., Lassmann, M., Lind, P., Oyen, W.J.G., Tennvall, J., Bombardieri, E., 2008. Guidelines for radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 35, 1941-1959.
  • Ma, C., Xie, J., Kuang, A., 2005. Is empiric I-131 therapy justified for patients with positive thyroglobulin and negative I-131 whole body scan- ning results? J. Nucl. Med. 46, 1164-1170.
  • Maxon, H.R., Englaro, E.E., Thomas, S.R., Hertzberg, V.S., Hinnefeld, J.D., Chen, L.S., Smith, H., Cummings, D., Aden, M.D., 1992. Radioio- dine-131 therapy for well-differentiated thyroid cancer: A quantitative radiation dosimetric approach-Outcome and validation in 85 patients. J. Nucl. Med. 33, 1132-1137.
  • Maxon, H.R., Smith, H.S., 1990. Radioiodine-131 in the diagnosis and treatment of metastatic well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocrinol. Clin. North. Am. 19, 685-718.
  • McDougall, R., Lagaru, A., 2011. Thyroid stunning: Fact or fiction? Semin. Nucl. Med. 41,105-112.
  • Meier, D.A., Dworkin, H.J., Bender, J.M., 2006. Therapy for hyperthyroidism. In Nuclear Medicine, Vol. 2, R.E. Henkin, ed. 2nd edition. Mosby, Philadelphia, pp. 1567-1575.
  • Morris, J.C., 2010. Resveratrol, thyroid cancer and iodide: Drink up? Thyroid. 20, 125-126.
  • Nostrand, D.V., Aiken, M., Atkins, F., Moreau, S., Garcia, C., Acio, E., Burman, K., Wartofsky, L., 2009. The utility of radioiodine scans prior to iodine 131 ablation in patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 19, 849-855.
  • Nygaard, B., Hegedus, L., Nielsen, K.G., Ulriksen, P., Hansen, J.M., 1999. Long-term effect of radioactive iodine on thyroid function and size in patients with solitary autonomously functioning toxic thyroid nodules. Clin. Endocrinol. 50,197-202.
  • Pacini, F., Castagna, M.G., Brilli, L., Pentheroudakis, G., 2010. Tyhroid cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis. Treatment and follow-up. Ann. Oncol. 21, 214-219.
  • Peters, H., Fischer, C., Bogner, U., Reiners, C., Schleusener, H., 1995. Radioiodine therapy of Graves’ hyperthyroidism: Standard vs. calculated 131 iodine activity. Results from a prospective, randomized, multicentre study. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 25, 186–193.
  • Pitoia, F., Ward, L., Wohllk, N., Friguglietti, C., Tomimori, E., Gauna, A., Camargo, R., Vaisman, M., Harach,R., Munizaga, F., Corigliano, S., Pretell, E., Niepomniszcze, H., 2009. Recommendations of the Latin American Thyroid Society on diagnosis and management of differenti- ated thyroid cancer. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 53, 884-897.
  • Porterfield J.R., Thompson, G.B., Farley, D.R., Grant, C.S., Richards, M.L., 2008. Evidence-based Management of Toxic Multinodular Goiter (Plummer’s Disease). World J. Surg. 32,1278–1284.
  • Radyasyon güvenliği yönetmeliğinde değişiklik yapılmasına dair yönetmelik, Madde 7. T.C. Resmi Gazete, 25598, 29 Eylül 2004.
  • Read, C.H., Tansey, M.J., Menda, Y., 2004. A 36-year retrospective analysis of the efficacy and safety of radioiodine in treating young Graves' patients. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 89, 4229-4233.
  • Reiners, C., Dietlein, M., Luster, M., 2008. Radio-iodine therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer: Indications and procedures. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 22, 989-1007.
  • Ron, E., Doody, M.M., Becker, D.V., Brill, A.B., Curtis, R.E., Goldman, M. B., Haris, B.S.H., Hoffman, D.A., McConahey,W.M., Maxon, H.R., Preston-Martin, S., Warshauer, M.E., Wong, F.L., Boice, J.D., 1998. Cancer mortality following treatment for adult hyperthyroidism. JAMA. 280, 347-355.
  • Ross, D.S., Ridgway, E.C., Daniels, G.H., 1984. Successful treatment of solitary toxic thyroid nodules with relatively low-dose iodine-131, with low prevalence of hypothyroidism. Ann. Intern. Med. 101, 488-490.
  • Rubino C., de Vathaire, F., Dottorini, M.E., Hall, P., Schvartz, C., Couette J.E., Dondon, M.G., Abbas, M.T., Langlois, C., Schlumberger, M., 2003. Second primary malignancies in thyroid cancer patients. Br. J. Cancer. 89, 1638-1644.
  • Salvatori, M., Luster, M., 2010. Radioiodine therapy dosimetry in benign thyroid disease and differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 37,821-828.
  • Silberstein, E.B., 2011. The problem of the patient with thyroglobulin elevation but negative iodine scintigraphy: The TENIS syndrome. Semin. Nucl. Med. 41, 113-120.
  • Silberstein, E.B., 2006. The treatment of thyroid malignant neoplasms. In Nuclear Medicine, Vol. II , R.E. Henkin, ed., 2nd edition, Mosby Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp.1576-1587.
  • Stokkel, M.P.M., Handkiewicz, J., Lassman, M., Dietlein, M., Luster, M., 2010. EANM procedure guidelines for therapy of benign thyroid disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 37, 2218-2228.
  • Tallstedt, L., Lundell, G., Tİrring, O., Wallin, G., Ljunggren, J.G., Blomgren, H., Taube, A., 1992. Occurrence of ophthalmopathy after treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism. N. Engl. J. Med. 326, 1733-1738.
  • Tuttle, R.M., Ball, D.W., Byrd, D., Dilawari, R.A., Doherty, G.M., Duh, Q.Y., Ehya, H., Farrar, W.B., Haddad, R.I., 2012. The NCCN Thy- roid Carcinoma Panel Members. National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Thyroid Carcinoma V.2.2012. www.nccn.org. Date: 14/01/2012.
  • Tzavara, I., Tzanela, M., Vlassopoulou, B., Kouyiomoutzakis, G., Kyriazopoulou, V., Alevizaki, C., Thalassinos, N.C., 2002. Long term thyroid function after (131)I treatment for toxic adenoma. Hormones. 1, 99-103.
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  • Zakavi, S.R., Mousavi, Z., Davachi, B., 2009. Comparison of four different protocols of I-131 therapy for treating single toxic thyroid nodule. Nucl. Med. Commun. 30, 169-175.
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Benign ve malign tiroit hastalıklarında radyoaktif iyot tedavisi

Year 2012, , 353 - 361, 07.05.2013
https://doi.org/10.5835/jecm.omu.29.s4.025

Abstract

Radyoaktif iyot tedavisi benign ve malign tiroit hastalıklarında kullanılan bir tedavi yöntemidir. Hiperfonksiyonel odakların ve tiroidektomi sonrası rezidü dokunun ablasyonu veya iyot yakalama yeteneğinde olan metastazların tedavisinde kullanılabilmektedir. Genel olarak basit, emniyetli ve efektif bir yöntem olarak kabul edilmektedir.

References

  • Bachmann, J., Kobe, C., Bor, S., Rahlff, I., Dietlein, M., Schicha, H., Schmidt, M., 2009. Radioiodine therapy for thyroid volume reduction of large goitres. Nucl. Med. Commun. 30, 466-471.
  • Bahn, R.S., Burch, H.B., Cooper, D.S., Garber, J.R., Greenlee, M.C., Klein, I., Laurberg, P., McDougall, I.R., Montori, V.M., Rivkees, S.A., Ross, D.S., Sosa, J.A., Stan, M.N., 2011. Hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis: Management guidelines of the American Thyroid Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Thyroid. 21, 593-647.
  • Bhattacharyya, N., Chien, W., 2006. Risk of second primary malignancy after radioactive iodine treatment for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 115, 607-610.
  • Bal, C.S., Kumar, A.., Pant, G.S., 2004. Radioiodine dose for remnant ablation in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: A randomized clinical trial in 509 patients. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 89, 1666-1673.
  • Bartalena, L., Baldeschi, L., Dickinson, A., Eckstein, A., Taylor, P.K., Marcocci, C., Mourits, M., Perros, P., Boboridis, K., Boschi, A., Curro, N., Daumerie, C., Kahaly, G.J., Krassas, G.E., Lane, C.M., Lazarus, J.H., Marino, M., Nardi, M., Neoh, C., Orgiazzi, J., Pearce1, S., Pinchera, A., Pitz, S., Salvi, M., Sivelli, P., Stahl, M., Arx, G.V., Wiersinga, W.M., 2008. Consensus statement of the European Group on Graves' orbi- topathy (EUGOGO) on management of GO. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 158, 273-285.
  • Biermann, K., Biersack, H.J., Sabet, A., Janzen, V. 2011. Alternative therapeutic approaches in the treatment of primary and secondary dedif- ferentiated and medullary thyroid carcinoma. Semin. Nucl. Med. 41, 139-148
  • Canadas, V., Vilar, L., Moura, E., Brito, A., Castellar, E., 2007. Evaluation of radioiodine therapy with fixed doses of 10 and 15mCi in patients with Graves’ disease. Arq. Bras. Endocrinol. Metab. 51, 1069-1076.
  • Chianelli, M., Todino, V., Graziano, F., Panunzi, C., Pace, D., Guglielmi, R., Signore, A., Papini, E., 2009. Low dose (2.0 GBq; 54 mCi) radioio- dine postsurgical remnant ablation in thyroid cancer: Comparison between hormone withdrawal and use of rhTSH in low risk patients. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 160, 431-436.
  • Clarke, S.E.M., 1991. Radionuclide theraphy of the thyroid. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 18, 984-991.
  • Collier, A., Gosh, S., Hair, M., Malik, I., McGarvie, J., 2009. Comparison of two fixed activities of radioiodine therapy (370 vs. 555 MBq) in patients with Graves’ disease. Hormones. 8, 273-278.
  • Cooper, D.S., Doherty, G.M., Haugen, B.R., Kloos, R.T., Lee, S.L., Mandel, S.J., Mazzaferri, E.L., McIver, B., Pacini, F., Schlumberger, M., Sherman, S.I., Steward, D.L., Tuttle, R.M., 2009. Revised American thyroid association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 19, 1-48.
  • Durante, C., Haddy, N.,Baudin, E., Leboulleux, S., Hartl, D., Travagli, J.P., Caillou, B., Richard, M., Lumbroso, J.D., De Vathaire, F., Schlum- berger, M., 2006. Long-term outcome of 444 patients with distant metastases from papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma: Benefits and limits of radioiodine therapy. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 91, 2892-2899.
  • Elgazzar, A.H., Al-Bader, A., 2006. Basis of therapeutic nuclear medicine. In The Pathophysiologic Basis of Nuclear Medicine. A.H. Elgazzar, ed., 2nd edition, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp 521-539.
  • Gupta, S.K., McGrath, S., Rogers, K., Attia, J., Lewis, G., Viswanathan, S., Saul, M., Allen, L., 2010. Fixed dose radioiodine for the treatment of hyperthyroidism: Outcome and its predictors. Intern. Med. J. 40, 854-857.
  • Harbert, J.C., Robertson, J.S., Held, K.D., 1987. Nuclear Medicine Theraphy. Thieme, New York.
  • Henkin, R.E., Del Rowe, J.D., Grigsby, P.W., Hartford, A.C., Jadvar, H., Macklis, R.M., Parker, J.A., Wong, J.Y., Rosenthal, S.A., 2011. ACR- ASTRO Practice guideline for the performance of therapy with unsealed radiopharmaceutical sources. Clin. Nucl. Med. 36, 72-80.
  • Hertz, S., Roberts, A., 1942. Radioactive iodineas indicator in thyroid physiology: Use of radioactive iodine in differential diagnosis of 2 types of Grave’s Disease. J. Clin. Invest. 21, 31-32.
  • Huysmans, D.A., Corstens, F.H., Kloppenborg, P.W., 1991. Long-term follow up in toxic solitary autonomous thyroid nodules treated with ra- dioactive iodine. J. Nucl. Med. 32, 27-39.
  • Iagraru, A., McDougall, I.R., 2007. Treatment of thyrotoxicosis. J. Nucl. Med. 48, 379–389.
  • Iyer, N.G., Morris, L.G.T., Tuttle, R.M., Shaha, A.R., Ganly. I., 2011. Rising incidence of second cancers in patients with low-risk (T1N0) thy- roid cancer who receive radioactive iodine therapy. Cancer. 117, 4439-4446.
  • Kebebew, E., Lindsay, S., Clark, O.H., Woeber, K.A., Hawkins, R., Greenspan, F.S., 2009. Results of rosiglitazone therapy in patients with thyroglobulin-positive and radioiodine-negative advanced differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroidology. 19, 953-956.
  • Kowalsky, R.J., Perry, J.R., 1987. Radipharmaceuticals in Nuclear Medicine Practice. Appleton and Lange, Connecticut. 181-210.
  • Leslie, W.D., Ward, L., Salamon, E.A., Ludwıg, S., Rowe, R.C., Cowden, E.A., 2003. A randomized comparison of radioiodine doses in Graves’ hyperthyroidism. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 88, 978-983.
  • Luster, M., Clarke, S.E., Dietlein, M., Lassmann, M., Lind, P., Oyen, W.J.G., Tennvall, J., Bombardieri, E., 2008. Guidelines for radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 35, 1941-1959.
  • Ma, C., Xie, J., Kuang, A., 2005. Is empiric I-131 therapy justified for patients with positive thyroglobulin and negative I-131 whole body scan- ning results? J. Nucl. Med. 46, 1164-1170.
  • Maxon, H.R., Englaro, E.E., Thomas, S.R., Hertzberg, V.S., Hinnefeld, J.D., Chen, L.S., Smith, H., Cummings, D., Aden, M.D., 1992. Radioio- dine-131 therapy for well-differentiated thyroid cancer: A quantitative radiation dosimetric approach-Outcome and validation in 85 patients. J. Nucl. Med. 33, 1132-1137.
  • Maxon, H.R., Smith, H.S., 1990. Radioiodine-131 in the diagnosis and treatment of metastatic well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocrinol. Clin. North. Am. 19, 685-718.
  • McDougall, R., Lagaru, A., 2011. Thyroid stunning: Fact or fiction? Semin. Nucl. Med. 41,105-112.
  • Meier, D.A., Dworkin, H.J., Bender, J.M., 2006. Therapy for hyperthyroidism. In Nuclear Medicine, Vol. 2, R.E. Henkin, ed. 2nd edition. Mosby, Philadelphia, pp. 1567-1575.
  • Morris, J.C., 2010. Resveratrol, thyroid cancer and iodide: Drink up? Thyroid. 20, 125-126.
  • Nostrand, D.V., Aiken, M., Atkins, F., Moreau, S., Garcia, C., Acio, E., Burman, K., Wartofsky, L., 2009. The utility of radioiodine scans prior to iodine 131 ablation in patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 19, 849-855.
  • Nygaard, B., Hegedus, L., Nielsen, K.G., Ulriksen, P., Hansen, J.M., 1999. Long-term effect of radioactive iodine on thyroid function and size in patients with solitary autonomously functioning toxic thyroid nodules. Clin. Endocrinol. 50,197-202.
  • Pacini, F., Castagna, M.G., Brilli, L., Pentheroudakis, G., 2010. Tyhroid cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis. Treatment and follow-up. Ann. Oncol. 21, 214-219.
  • Peters, H., Fischer, C., Bogner, U., Reiners, C., Schleusener, H., 1995. Radioiodine therapy of Graves’ hyperthyroidism: Standard vs. calculated 131 iodine activity. Results from a prospective, randomized, multicentre study. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 25, 186–193.
  • Pitoia, F., Ward, L., Wohllk, N., Friguglietti, C., Tomimori, E., Gauna, A., Camargo, R., Vaisman, M., Harach,R., Munizaga, F., Corigliano, S., Pretell, E., Niepomniszcze, H., 2009. Recommendations of the Latin American Thyroid Society on diagnosis and management of differenti- ated thyroid cancer. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 53, 884-897.
  • Porterfield J.R., Thompson, G.B., Farley, D.R., Grant, C.S., Richards, M.L., 2008. Evidence-based Management of Toxic Multinodular Goiter (Plummer’s Disease). World J. Surg. 32,1278–1284.
  • Radyasyon güvenliği yönetmeliğinde değişiklik yapılmasına dair yönetmelik, Madde 7. T.C. Resmi Gazete, 25598, 29 Eylül 2004.
  • Read, C.H., Tansey, M.J., Menda, Y., 2004. A 36-year retrospective analysis of the efficacy and safety of radioiodine in treating young Graves' patients. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 89, 4229-4233.
  • Reiners, C., Dietlein, M., Luster, M., 2008. Radio-iodine therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer: Indications and procedures. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 22, 989-1007.
  • Ron, E., Doody, M.M., Becker, D.V., Brill, A.B., Curtis, R.E., Goldman, M. B., Haris, B.S.H., Hoffman, D.A., McConahey,W.M., Maxon, H.R., Preston-Martin, S., Warshauer, M.E., Wong, F.L., Boice, J.D., 1998. Cancer mortality following treatment for adult hyperthyroidism. JAMA. 280, 347-355.
  • Ross, D.S., Ridgway, E.C., Daniels, G.H., 1984. Successful treatment of solitary toxic thyroid nodules with relatively low-dose iodine-131, with low prevalence of hypothyroidism. Ann. Intern. Med. 101, 488-490.
  • Rubino C., de Vathaire, F., Dottorini, M.E., Hall, P., Schvartz, C., Couette J.E., Dondon, M.G., Abbas, M.T., Langlois, C., Schlumberger, M., 2003. Second primary malignancies in thyroid cancer patients. Br. J. Cancer. 89, 1638-1644.
  • Salvatori, M., Luster, M., 2010. Radioiodine therapy dosimetry in benign thyroid disease and differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 37,821-828.
  • Silberstein, E.B., 2011. The problem of the patient with thyroglobulin elevation but negative iodine scintigraphy: The TENIS syndrome. Semin. Nucl. Med. 41, 113-120.
  • Silberstein, E.B., 2006. The treatment of thyroid malignant neoplasms. In Nuclear Medicine, Vol. II , R.E. Henkin, ed., 2nd edition, Mosby Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp.1576-1587.
  • Stokkel, M.P.M., Handkiewicz, J., Lassman, M., Dietlein, M., Luster, M., 2010. EANM procedure guidelines for therapy of benign thyroid disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 37, 2218-2228.
  • Tallstedt, L., Lundell, G., Tİrring, O., Wallin, G., Ljunggren, J.G., Blomgren, H., Taube, A., 1992. Occurrence of ophthalmopathy after treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism. N. Engl. J. Med. 326, 1733-1738.
  • Tuttle, R.M., Ball, D.W., Byrd, D., Dilawari, R.A., Doherty, G.M., Duh, Q.Y., Ehya, H., Farrar, W.B., Haddad, R.I., 2012. The NCCN Thy- roid Carcinoma Panel Members. National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Thyroid Carcinoma V.2.2012. www.nccn.org. Date: 14/01/2012.
  • Tzavara, I., Tzanela, M., Vlassopoulou, B., Kouyiomoutzakis, G., Kyriazopoulou, V., Alevizaki, C., Thalassinos, N.C., 2002. Long term thyroid function after (131)I treatment for toxic adenoma. Hormones. 1, 99-103.
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There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Surgery Medical Sciences
Authors

Murathan Şahin

Sibel Uçak Semirgin This is me

Publication Date May 7, 2013
Submission Date June 7, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012

Cite

APA Şahin, M., & Uçak Semirgin, S. (2013). Benign ve malign tiroit hastalıklarında radyoaktif iyot tedavisi. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 29(4S), 353-361. https://doi.org/10.5835/jecm.omu.29.s4.025
AMA Şahin M, Uçak Semirgin S. Benign ve malign tiroit hastalıklarında radyoaktif iyot tedavisi. J. Exp. Clin. Med. May 2013;29(4S):353-361. doi:10.5835/jecm.omu.29.s4.025
Chicago Şahin, Murathan, and Sibel Uçak Semirgin. “Benign Ve Malign Tiroit hastalıklarında Radyoaktif Iyot Tedavisi”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 29, no. 4S (May 2013): 353-61. https://doi.org/10.5835/jecm.omu.29.s4.025.
EndNote Şahin M, Uçak Semirgin S (May 1, 2013) Benign ve malign tiroit hastalıklarında radyoaktif iyot tedavisi. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 29 4S 353–361.
IEEE M. Şahin and S. Uçak Semirgin, “Benign ve malign tiroit hastalıklarında radyoaktif iyot tedavisi”, J. Exp. Clin. Med., vol. 29, no. 4S, pp. 353–361, 2013, doi: 10.5835/jecm.omu.29.s4.025.
ISNAD Şahin, Murathan - Uçak Semirgin, Sibel. “Benign Ve Malign Tiroit hastalıklarında Radyoaktif Iyot Tedavisi”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 29/4S (May 2013), 353-361. https://doi.org/10.5835/jecm.omu.29.s4.025.
JAMA Şahin M, Uçak Semirgin S. Benign ve malign tiroit hastalıklarında radyoaktif iyot tedavisi. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2013;29:353–361.
MLA Şahin, Murathan and Sibel Uçak Semirgin. “Benign Ve Malign Tiroit hastalıklarında Radyoaktif Iyot Tedavisi”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, vol. 29, no. 4S, 2013, pp. 353-61, doi:10.5835/jecm.omu.29.s4.025.
Vancouver Şahin M, Uçak Semirgin S. Benign ve malign tiroit hastalıklarında radyoaktif iyot tedavisi. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2013;29(4S):353-61.