Oral antidiabetic agents

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is growing in prevalence worldwide. Pharmacologic therapy is often necessary to achieve optimal glycemic control in the management of diabetes. Today’s clinicians are presented with an extensive range of oral antidiabetic drugs for type 2 diabetes. These main drug classes include agents that stimulate insulin secretion (sulphonylureas and rapid-acting secretagogues), reduce hepatic glucose production (biguanides), delay digestion and absorption of intestinal carbohydrate (α-glucosidase inhibitors) or improve insulin action (thiazolidinediones). We review the mechanism of action, efficacy and side effects of the different classes of oral antidiabetic drugs and discuss the current recommendations for their use.

Keywords

• Diabetes Mellitus
• Sulphonylureas
• Secretagogues
• Biguanides
• α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
• Thiazolidinediones

Oral antidiyabetik ajanlar

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus tüm dünyada prevalansı gittikçe artan kronik bir hastalıktır. Farmakolojik tedavi optimal glisemik kontrolü sağlamak için çoğu zaman gereklidir. Günümüzde klinisyenlere tip 2 diyabet tedavisi için çok geniş yelpazede oral antidiyabetik ilaçlar sunulmaktadır. Bu oral antidiyabetik ilaçlar; insülin sekresyonunu stimüle edenler (sülfonilüreler ve hızlı etkili sekretagoglar), hepatik glukoz üretimini azaltanlar (biguanidler), intestinal karbonhidrat sindirimi ve emilimini geciktirenler (α-glukozidaz inhibitörleri) ve insülin etkisini iyileştirenler (tiazolidindionlar) olarak ayrılabilir. Bu makalede farklı oral antidiyabetik ilaçların etki mekanizmaları, etkinlikleri ve yan etkileri ile birlikte kullanımları ile ilgili en son öneriler tartışılacaktır.

Keywords

• Sekretagoglar
• Sülfonilüreler
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Biguanidler
• α-Glukozidaz İnhibitörleri
• Tiazolidindionlar

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