Diagnostic techniques in esophageal cancer

Abstract

The diagnostic tests for the evaluation of the esophagus are; showing structural distortions, identification of functional abnormalities, and measurement of exposure of esophagus to gastric juice. Plain radiographs have very low diagnostic value in the examination of the esophagus. In evaluation of the morphology and motor function of the esophagus, barium esophagography is the first choice in radiological examination. Computed tomography is used to evaluate the relationship between esophageal cancer and mediastinal structures. Magnetic resonance imaging hasn’t got a specific indication in esophagus diseases. Recently, positron emission tomography’s effectiveness has been identified in esophagus cancer. The main application field of endoscopic ultrasonography in esophageal diseases is staging esophageal cancer. The most common indications for esophagoscopy are noncardiac chest pain, persistent gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, recurrent aspiration pneumonia, dysphagia, odynophagia and esophageal abnormal radiographs.

Keywords

• Esophagus
• Cancer
• Diagnostic techniques

Özofagus kanserinde tanısal teknikler

Abstract

Özofagusun değerlendirilmesi için diagnostik testler; yapısal bozuklukların gösterilmesi, fonksiyonel anomalilerin belirlenmesi ve özofagusun mide suyuna maruziyetinin ölçülmesinden oluşmaktadır. Düz grafilerin özofagus incelemesinde tanı değeri oldukça düşüktür. Özofagusun morfolojisi ve motor fonksiyonlarının değerlendirilmesinde ilk tercih edilen radyolojik tetkik baryumlu özofagografidir. Bilgisayarlı tomografi özofagus kanseri ile mediastinal yapılar arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmede kullanılır. Manyetik rezonans görüntülemenin özofagus hastalıklarında spesifik bir endikasyonu bulunmamaktadır. Son zamanlarda özofagus kanserinde pozitron emisyon tomografinin etkinliği saptanmıştır. Endoskopik ultrasonografinin özofagus hastalıklarında esas uygulama alanı özofagus kanserinin evrelendirilmesidir. Özofagoskopi için en yaygın endikasyonlar; nonkardiyak göğüs ağrısı, ısrar eden gastroözofagial reflü semptomları, tekrarlayan aspirasyon pnömonisi, disfaji, odinofaji ve anormal özofajiyal radyografidir.  

Keywords

• Özofagus
• Kanser
• Tanısal teknikler

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