Abstract
References
- Hawkes, N.D., Thomas, G.A.O., Jurewich, A., Williams, O.M., Hillier, C.E., McQueen, I.N., Shortland, G., 2001. Nonhepatic hyperammonaemia: An important, potentially reversible cause of encephalopathy. Postgrad. Med. J. 77, 717-722.
- Kay, J.D., Hilton, Jhones, D., Hyman, N., 1986. Valproate toxicity and ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency. Lancet. 2, 1283-1284.
- Löscher, W., 1999. Valproate: A reappraisal of its pharmacodynamic properties and mechanisms of action. Prog. Neurobiol. 58, 31-59.
- McCall, M., Bourgeois, J.A., 2004. Valproic acid-induced hyperammonemia: A case report. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 24, 521-526.
- O’Neil, M., Dubrey, R.W., Grocott-Mason, R.M., 2002. Valproate encephalopathy and hyperammonaemia. Postgrad. Med. J. 78, 316-317.
- Polat, F., Koskderelioglu, A., Alpaydın, S., Keskingöz, N., Araç, N., Gönül, A.S., Kocaman, A., Şirin, H., 2010. Valproate-induced encephalopathy in three cases. Turk J. Neurol. 16, 203-207.
- Segura-Buruna, N., Rodriguez-Campello, A., Puente, V., Roquer, J., 2006. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy. Acta Neurol. Scandinavica. 114, 1-7.
- Sobaniec-Lotowska, M., Sobaniec, W., 1996. Morphological features of encephalopathy after chronic treatment of the antiepileptic drug valproate to rats. A transmission electron microscopic study of capilleries in the cerebellar cortex. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 48, 65-75.
- Ulker, M., Sari, H., Atakli, D., Arpaci, B., 2004. Valproic Acid-Associated Severe Encephalopathy in A Patient with low serum carnitine level and slight encephalopathy. Epilepsy (Turkish). 10, 169-172.
- Verotti, A., Trotta, D., Morgese, D., Chiarelli, F., 2002. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy. Metab. Brain Dis. 17, 367-373.
Abstract
Valproic acid-induced encephalopathy is a rarely seen but serious complication that may lead to death. It can be completely treated if early diagnosis is made and valproic acid (VPA) is discontinued. It is clinically presented as consciousness changes that range from sleepiness to lethargy and coma, focal or bilateral neurological findings, seizure, vomiting, and slow waves on electroencephalography (EEG). An 18 year old female patient presented to our policlinic for the follow up of epilepsy. Her neurological examination was normal. The patient complained of headache. EEG showed disordered background activity at both hemispheres with symmetric delta activity at a frequency of 3-4 Hz, along with sharp paroxysms lasting 1-2 seconds. After discontinuation of the drug, EEG video monitoring showed a decrease in the sharp paroxysms the day after the drug. On the fourth day, the EEG returned to normal. We conclude that encephalopathy can be early diagnosed with EEG in VPA users.
References
- Hawkes, N.D., Thomas, G.A.O., Jurewich, A., Williams, O.M., Hillier, C.E., McQueen, I.N., Shortland, G., 2001. Nonhepatic hyperammonaemia: An important, potentially reversible cause of encephalopathy. Postgrad. Med. J. 77, 717-722.
- Kay, J.D., Hilton, Jhones, D., Hyman, N., 1986. Valproate toxicity and ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency. Lancet. 2, 1283-1284.
- Löscher, W., 1999. Valproate: A reappraisal of its pharmacodynamic properties and mechanisms of action. Prog. Neurobiol. 58, 31-59.
- McCall, M., Bourgeois, J.A., 2004. Valproic acid-induced hyperammonemia: A case report. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 24, 521-526.
- O’Neil, M., Dubrey, R.W., Grocott-Mason, R.M., 2002. Valproate encephalopathy and hyperammonaemia. Postgrad. Med. J. 78, 316-317.
- Polat, F., Koskderelioglu, A., Alpaydın, S., Keskingöz, N., Araç, N., Gönül, A.S., Kocaman, A., Şirin, H., 2010. Valproate-induced encephalopathy in three cases. Turk J. Neurol. 16, 203-207.
- Segura-Buruna, N., Rodriguez-Campello, A., Puente, V., Roquer, J., 2006. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy. Acta Neurol. Scandinavica. 114, 1-7.
- Sobaniec-Lotowska, M., Sobaniec, W., 1996. Morphological features of encephalopathy after chronic treatment of the antiepileptic drug valproate to rats. A transmission electron microscopic study of capilleries in the cerebellar cortex. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 48, 65-75.
- Ulker, M., Sari, H., Atakli, D., Arpaci, B., 2004. Valproic Acid-Associated Severe Encephalopathy in A Patient with low serum carnitine level and slight encephalopathy. Epilepsy (Turkish). 10, 169-172.
- Verotti, A., Trotta, D., Morgese, D., Chiarelli, F., 2002. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy. Metab. Brain Dis. 17, 367-373.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Internal Medical Sciences |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | February 5, 2014 |
| Submission Date | September 19, 2013 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2013 |
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