Research Article
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Year 2015, Volume: 32 Issue: 2, 63 - 66, 25.06.2015

Abstract

References

  • Aarsland, D., Zaccai, J., Brayne, C., 2005. A systematic review of prevalence studies of dementia in Parkinson’s disease. Mov. Disord. 20, 1255- 1263. doi:10.1002/mds.20527.
  • Alves, G., Larsen, J.P., Emre, M., Wentzel-Larsen, T., Aarsland, D., 2006. Changes in motor subtype and risk for incident dementia in Parkinson’s disease. Mov. Disord. 21, 1123-1130. doi:10.1002/mds.20897.
  • Amick, M.M., Grace, J., Chou, K.L., 2006. Body side of motor symptom onset in Parkinson’s disease is associated with memory performance. J. Int. Neuropsychological. Soc. 12, 736-740. doi:10.1017/S1355617706060875.
  • Baumann, C.R., Held, U., Valko, P.O., Wienecke, M., Waldvogel, D., 2014. Body side and predominant motor features at the onset of Parkinson’s disease are linked to motor and nonmotor progression. Mov. Disord. 29, 207-213. doi:10.1002/mds.25650.
  • Burn, D.J., Rowan, E.N., Allan, L.M., Molloy, S., O’Brien, J.T., McKeith, I.G., 2006. Motor subtype and cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease, Parkinson’s disease with dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 77, 585-589. doi:10.1136/ jnnp.2005.081711.
  • Camicioli, R., Wang, Y., Powell, C., Mitnitski, A., Rockwood, K., 2007. Gait and posture impairment, Parkinsonism and cognitive decline in older people. J. Neural. Transm. 114, 1355-1361. doi:10.1007/s00702-007-0778-5.
  • Emre, M., 2003. What causes mental dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease? Mov. Disord. 18, 63-71. doi:10.1002/mds.10565.
  • Fahn, S., Elton, R.L, Members of the UPDRS Committee, 1987. Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale. In: Fahn, S., Marsden, C.D., Goldstein, M., Calne, D.B., Ed. Recent developments in Parkinson’s disease. New Jersey: McMillan Health Care, pp. 153-163. doi:10.1002/mds.10473.
  • Fahn, S., Jankovic, J., 2010. Principles and practice of movement disorders. Philadelphia, PA, Churchill Livingstone, pp. 79-101.
  • Finali, G., Piccirilli, M., Rizzuto, S., 1995. Neuropsychological characteristics of parkinsonian patients with lateralized motor impairment. J. Neural. Transm. Park. Dis. Dement. Sect. 9, 165-176. doi:10.1007/BF02259658.
  • Hoehn, M.M., Yahr, M.D., 1967. Parkinsonism: Onset, progression and mortality. Neurology. 17, 427-442. doi:10.1212/WNL.17.5.427.
  • Huber, S.J., Freidenberg, D.L., Shuttleworth, E.C., Paulson, G.W., Clapp, L.E., 1989. Neuropsychological similarities in lateralized parkinsonism. Cortex. 25, 461-470. doi:10.1016/S0010-9452(89)80059-0.
  • Huber, S.J., Christy, J.A., Paulson, G.W., 1991. Cognitive heterogeneity associated with clinical subtypes of Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsy. Neuropsych. Behav. Neurol. 4, 147-157.
  • Iwasaki, Y., Kinoshita, M., Ikeda, K., Takamiya, K., 1989. Cognitive function in Parkinson’s disease: In relation to motor symptoms. Int. J. Neurosci. 47, 295-300. doi: 10.3109/00207458908987442.
  • Jankovic, J., McDermott, M., Carter, J., Gauthier, S., Goetz, C., Golbe, L., Huber, S., Koller, W., Olanow, C., Shoulson, I., Stern, M., Tanner, C., Weiner, W., and Parkinson Study Group, 1990. Variable expression of Parkinson’s disease: A base-line analysis of the DATATOP cohort. Neurology. 40, 1529-1534. doi:10.1212/WNL.40.10.1529.
  • Katzen, H.L., Levin, B.E., Weiner, W., 2006. Side and type of motor symptom influence cognition in Parkinson’s disease. Mov. Disord. 21, 1947-1953. doi:10.1002/mds.21105.
  • Lee, C.S., Schulzer, M., Mak, E., Hammerstad, J.P., Calne, S., Calne, D.B., 1995. Patterns of asymmetry do not change over the course of idiopathic parkinsonism: Implications for pathogenesis. Neurology. 45, 199. doi:10.1212/WNL.45.3.435.
  • Levy, G., Tang, M.X., Cote, L.J., Louis, E.D., Alfaro, B., Mejia, H., Stern, Y., Marder, K., 2000. Motor impairment in PD: Relationship to incident dementia and age. Neurology. 55, 539-544. doi:10.1212/WNL.55.4.539.
  • Levy, G., Schupf, N., Tang, M.X., Cote, L.J., Louis, E.D., Mejia, H., Stern, Y., Marder, K., 2002. Combined effect of age and severity on the risk of dementia in Parkinson’s disease. Ann. Neurol. 51, 722-729. doi:10.1002/ana.10219.
  • Muslimovic, D., Post, B., Speelman, J.D., Johannes, D., Schmand, B., 2005. Cognitive profile of patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson disease. Neurology. 65, 1239-1245. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000180516.69442.9.
  • Nasreddine, Z.S., Phillips, N.A., Be´dirian, V., Charbonneau, S., Whitehead, V., Collin, I., Cummings, J.L., Chertkow, H., 2005. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 53, 695-699. doi:10.1111/j.1532- 5415.2005.53221.x.
  • Oh, J.Y., Kim, Y.S., Choi, B.H., Sohn, E.H., Lee, A.Y., 2009. Relationship between clinical phenotypes and cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. 49, 351-354. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2008.11.013.
  • Ozdilek, B., Kenangil, G., 2014. Validation of the Turkish version of the montreal cognitive assessment scale in Parkinson’s disease. Clin. Neuropsychol. 28, 333-343. doi:10.1080/13854046.2014.881554.
  • Pillon, B., Boiler, F., Levy, R., Dubois, B., 2001. Cognitive deficits and dementia in Parkinson’s disease, in Handbook of neuropsychology, F. Boller and S. Cappa, Editors. Elsevier: Amsterdam. pp. 311-371.
  • Portin, R.J., Kiovussalo, A., Laihinen, A.O., Rinne, U.K., 1989. Cognitive deficits, motor disability and duration of illness in early Parkinson’s disease. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 11, 369.
  • Reijnders, J.S.A.M., Ehrt, U., Lousberg, R., Aarsland, D., Leentjens, A.F.G., 2009. The association between motor subtypes and psychopathology in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism. Relat. Disord. 15, 379-382. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2008.09.003.
  • Schrag, A., Jahanshahi, M., Quinn, N., 2000. What contributes to quality of life in patients with Parkinson’s disease? J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 69, 308-312. doi:10.1136/jnnp.69.3.308.
  • Schwab, J.F., England, A.C., 1969. Projection technique for evaluating surgery in Parkinson’s disease. In: Gillingham, F.J., Donaldson, M.C., Editors. Third symposium on Parkinson’s disease. Edinburgh: E&S Livingstone. pp. 152-157.
  • St Clair, J., Borod, J.C., Sliwinski, M., Cote, L.J., Stern, Y., 1998. Cognitive and affective functioning in Parkinson’s disease patients with lateralized motor signs. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 20, 320-327. doi:10.1076/jcen.20.3.320.820.
  • Tomer, R., Levin, B.E., Weiner, W.J., 1993. Side of onset of motor symptoms influences cognition in Parkinson’s disease. Ann. Neurol. 34, 579- 584. doi:10.1002/ana.410340412.
  • Tomlinson, C.L., Stowe, R., Patel, S., Rick, C., Gray, R., Clarke, C.E., 2010. Systematic review of levodopa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson’s disease. Mov. Disord. 25, 2649-2653. doi:10.1002/mds.23429.
  • Williams, L.N., Seignourel, P., Crucian, G.P., Okun, M.S., Rodriguez, R.L., Skidmore, F.M., Foster, P.S., Jacobson, C.E. IVth, Romrell, J., Bowers, D., Fernandez, H.H., 2007. Laterality, region, and type of motor dysfunction correlate with cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. Mov. Disord. 22, 141-145. doi:10.1002/mds.21220.
  • Zetusky, W.J., Jankovic, J., 1985. Laterality and symptom association in Parkinson’s disease. Arch. Neurol. 42, 1132-1133. doi:10.1001/ archneur.1985.04060110010001.

The relationship between cognition and the non-cognitive clinical findings in Turkish patients with Parkinson’s disease

Year 2015, Volume: 32 Issue: 2, 63 - 66, 25.06.2015

Abstract

The study intended to examine the relationship between cognition and the clinical features at the onset of Parkinson disease (PD) in Turkish patients. Fifty patients were included and their cognitive status was evaluated by using the Turkish version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-TR) test. Clinical findings were obtained by using all of the subparts of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Disease severity was measured using the Hoehn and Yahr staging scale, and the Schwab-England Activities of Daily Living scale was used to assess the patients’ disability. Bivariate correlation analysis was conducted to examine the demographic factors, disease duration, presenting motor symptoms (tremor or bradykinesia) and laterality (right or left), and the unique contributions of the UPDRS subscores to cognitive dysfunction on the MoCA-TR. This study carried out among PD patients revealed that, 36% (18/50) had cognitive impairment (score of<21) on the MoCA-TR. Significant correlations were observed between cognitive impairment on the MoCA-TR and age, education level, subjective memory complaints, and the UPDRS I and II subscores and total score; whereas the age at disease onset, type of clinical presentation, and laterality of motor symptoms were not associated with cognitive dysfunction. 

References

  • Aarsland, D., Zaccai, J., Brayne, C., 2005. A systematic review of prevalence studies of dementia in Parkinson’s disease. Mov. Disord. 20, 1255- 1263. doi:10.1002/mds.20527.
  • Alves, G., Larsen, J.P., Emre, M., Wentzel-Larsen, T., Aarsland, D., 2006. Changes in motor subtype and risk for incident dementia in Parkinson’s disease. Mov. Disord. 21, 1123-1130. doi:10.1002/mds.20897.
  • Amick, M.M., Grace, J., Chou, K.L., 2006. Body side of motor symptom onset in Parkinson’s disease is associated with memory performance. J. Int. Neuropsychological. Soc. 12, 736-740. doi:10.1017/S1355617706060875.
  • Baumann, C.R., Held, U., Valko, P.O., Wienecke, M., Waldvogel, D., 2014. Body side and predominant motor features at the onset of Parkinson’s disease are linked to motor and nonmotor progression. Mov. Disord. 29, 207-213. doi:10.1002/mds.25650.
  • Burn, D.J., Rowan, E.N., Allan, L.M., Molloy, S., O’Brien, J.T., McKeith, I.G., 2006. Motor subtype and cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease, Parkinson’s disease with dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 77, 585-589. doi:10.1136/ jnnp.2005.081711.
  • Camicioli, R., Wang, Y., Powell, C., Mitnitski, A., Rockwood, K., 2007. Gait and posture impairment, Parkinsonism and cognitive decline in older people. J. Neural. Transm. 114, 1355-1361. doi:10.1007/s00702-007-0778-5.
  • Emre, M., 2003. What causes mental dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease? Mov. Disord. 18, 63-71. doi:10.1002/mds.10565.
  • Fahn, S., Elton, R.L, Members of the UPDRS Committee, 1987. Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale. In: Fahn, S., Marsden, C.D., Goldstein, M., Calne, D.B., Ed. Recent developments in Parkinson’s disease. New Jersey: McMillan Health Care, pp. 153-163. doi:10.1002/mds.10473.
  • Fahn, S., Jankovic, J., 2010. Principles and practice of movement disorders. Philadelphia, PA, Churchill Livingstone, pp. 79-101.
  • Finali, G., Piccirilli, M., Rizzuto, S., 1995. Neuropsychological characteristics of parkinsonian patients with lateralized motor impairment. J. Neural. Transm. Park. Dis. Dement. Sect. 9, 165-176. doi:10.1007/BF02259658.
  • Hoehn, M.M., Yahr, M.D., 1967. Parkinsonism: Onset, progression and mortality. Neurology. 17, 427-442. doi:10.1212/WNL.17.5.427.
  • Huber, S.J., Freidenberg, D.L., Shuttleworth, E.C., Paulson, G.W., Clapp, L.E., 1989. Neuropsychological similarities in lateralized parkinsonism. Cortex. 25, 461-470. doi:10.1016/S0010-9452(89)80059-0.
  • Huber, S.J., Christy, J.A., Paulson, G.W., 1991. Cognitive heterogeneity associated with clinical subtypes of Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsy. Neuropsych. Behav. Neurol. 4, 147-157.
  • Iwasaki, Y., Kinoshita, M., Ikeda, K., Takamiya, K., 1989. Cognitive function in Parkinson’s disease: In relation to motor symptoms. Int. J. Neurosci. 47, 295-300. doi: 10.3109/00207458908987442.
  • Jankovic, J., McDermott, M., Carter, J., Gauthier, S., Goetz, C., Golbe, L., Huber, S., Koller, W., Olanow, C., Shoulson, I., Stern, M., Tanner, C., Weiner, W., and Parkinson Study Group, 1990. Variable expression of Parkinson’s disease: A base-line analysis of the DATATOP cohort. Neurology. 40, 1529-1534. doi:10.1212/WNL.40.10.1529.
  • Katzen, H.L., Levin, B.E., Weiner, W., 2006. Side and type of motor symptom influence cognition in Parkinson’s disease. Mov. Disord. 21, 1947-1953. doi:10.1002/mds.21105.
  • Lee, C.S., Schulzer, M., Mak, E., Hammerstad, J.P., Calne, S., Calne, D.B., 1995. Patterns of asymmetry do not change over the course of idiopathic parkinsonism: Implications for pathogenesis. Neurology. 45, 199. doi:10.1212/WNL.45.3.435.
  • Levy, G., Tang, M.X., Cote, L.J., Louis, E.D., Alfaro, B., Mejia, H., Stern, Y., Marder, K., 2000. Motor impairment in PD: Relationship to incident dementia and age. Neurology. 55, 539-544. doi:10.1212/WNL.55.4.539.
  • Levy, G., Schupf, N., Tang, M.X., Cote, L.J., Louis, E.D., Mejia, H., Stern, Y., Marder, K., 2002. Combined effect of age and severity on the risk of dementia in Parkinson’s disease. Ann. Neurol. 51, 722-729. doi:10.1002/ana.10219.
  • Muslimovic, D., Post, B., Speelman, J.D., Johannes, D., Schmand, B., 2005. Cognitive profile of patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson disease. Neurology. 65, 1239-1245. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000180516.69442.9.
  • Nasreddine, Z.S., Phillips, N.A., Be´dirian, V., Charbonneau, S., Whitehead, V., Collin, I., Cummings, J.L., Chertkow, H., 2005. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 53, 695-699. doi:10.1111/j.1532- 5415.2005.53221.x.
  • Oh, J.Y., Kim, Y.S., Choi, B.H., Sohn, E.H., Lee, A.Y., 2009. Relationship between clinical phenotypes and cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. 49, 351-354. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2008.11.013.
  • Ozdilek, B., Kenangil, G., 2014. Validation of the Turkish version of the montreal cognitive assessment scale in Parkinson’s disease. Clin. Neuropsychol. 28, 333-343. doi:10.1080/13854046.2014.881554.
  • Pillon, B., Boiler, F., Levy, R., Dubois, B., 2001. Cognitive deficits and dementia in Parkinson’s disease, in Handbook of neuropsychology, F. Boller and S. Cappa, Editors. Elsevier: Amsterdam. pp. 311-371.
  • Portin, R.J., Kiovussalo, A., Laihinen, A.O., Rinne, U.K., 1989. Cognitive deficits, motor disability and duration of illness in early Parkinson’s disease. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 11, 369.
  • Reijnders, J.S.A.M., Ehrt, U., Lousberg, R., Aarsland, D., Leentjens, A.F.G., 2009. The association between motor subtypes and psychopathology in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism. Relat. Disord. 15, 379-382. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2008.09.003.
  • Schrag, A., Jahanshahi, M., Quinn, N., 2000. What contributes to quality of life in patients with Parkinson’s disease? J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 69, 308-312. doi:10.1136/jnnp.69.3.308.
  • Schwab, J.F., England, A.C., 1969. Projection technique for evaluating surgery in Parkinson’s disease. In: Gillingham, F.J., Donaldson, M.C., Editors. Third symposium on Parkinson’s disease. Edinburgh: E&S Livingstone. pp. 152-157.
  • St Clair, J., Borod, J.C., Sliwinski, M., Cote, L.J., Stern, Y., 1998. Cognitive and affective functioning in Parkinson’s disease patients with lateralized motor signs. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 20, 320-327. doi:10.1076/jcen.20.3.320.820.
  • Tomer, R., Levin, B.E., Weiner, W.J., 1993. Side of onset of motor symptoms influences cognition in Parkinson’s disease. Ann. Neurol. 34, 579- 584. doi:10.1002/ana.410340412.
  • Tomlinson, C.L., Stowe, R., Patel, S., Rick, C., Gray, R., Clarke, C.E., 2010. Systematic review of levodopa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson’s disease. Mov. Disord. 25, 2649-2653. doi:10.1002/mds.23429.
  • Williams, L.N., Seignourel, P., Crucian, G.P., Okun, M.S., Rodriguez, R.L., Skidmore, F.M., Foster, P.S., Jacobson, C.E. IVth, Romrell, J., Bowers, D., Fernandez, H.H., 2007. Laterality, region, and type of motor dysfunction correlate with cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. Mov. Disord. 22, 141-145. doi:10.1002/mds.21220.
  • Zetusky, W.J., Jankovic, J., 1985. Laterality and symptom association in Parkinson’s disease. Arch. Neurol. 42, 1132-1133. doi:10.1001/ archneur.1985.04060110010001.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Internal Medical Sciences
Authors

Betul Özdilek

Gulay Kenangil This is me

Publication Date June 25, 2015
Submission Date December 11, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 32 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özdilek, B., & Kenangil, G. (2015). The relationship between cognition and the non-cognitive clinical findings in Turkish patients with Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 32(2), 63-66.
AMA Özdilek B, Kenangil G. The relationship between cognition and the non-cognitive clinical findings in Turkish patients with Parkinson’s disease. J. Exp. Clin. Med. July 2015;32(2):63-66.
Chicago Özdilek, Betul, and Gulay Kenangil. “The Relationship Between Cognition and the Non-Cognitive Clinical Findings in Turkish Patients With Parkinson’s Disease”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 32, no. 2 (July 2015): 63-66.
EndNote Özdilek B, Kenangil G (July 1, 2015) The relationship between cognition and the non-cognitive clinical findings in Turkish patients with Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 32 2 63–66.
IEEE B. Özdilek and G. Kenangil, “The relationship between cognition and the non-cognitive clinical findings in Turkish patients with Parkinson’s disease”, J. Exp. Clin. Med., vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 63–66, 2015.
ISNAD Özdilek, Betul - Kenangil, Gulay. “The Relationship Between Cognition and the Non-Cognitive Clinical Findings in Turkish Patients With Parkinson’s Disease”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 32/2 (July 2015), 63-66.
JAMA Özdilek B, Kenangil G. The relationship between cognition and the non-cognitive clinical findings in Turkish patients with Parkinson’s disease. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2015;32:63–66.
MLA Özdilek, Betul and Gulay Kenangil. “The Relationship Between Cognition and the Non-Cognitive Clinical Findings in Turkish Patients With Parkinson’s Disease”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, vol. 32, no. 2, 2015, pp. 63-66.
Vancouver Özdilek B, Kenangil G. The relationship between cognition and the non-cognitive clinical findings in Turkish patients with Parkinson’s disease. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2015;32(2):63-6.