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Investigation of poor prognostic markers in COVID-19 patients hospitalized from emergency department

Year 2022, Volume: 39 Issue: 2, 511 - 515, 18.03.2022

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: On March 11. 2020. the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019) outbreak a pandemic. The surge in the number of infected patients has strained healthcare systems globally. The insufficient number of hospital and ICU (intensive care unit) beds has caused a serious problem in patient care and follow-up worldwide.
METHODS: We determined patients who were admitted to the emergency department and hospitalized with a preliminary diagnosis of COVID-19 between March 11, 2020 and November 15, 2020. We recorded all subjects' admission vital signs, anamnesis, physical examination notes, laboratory tests and notes describing the hospital stay from the hospital information system. Patients discharged without requiring ICU admission were included in the good clinical prognosis (GCP) group. Patients who were admitted to the ICU or died in hospital were included in the poor clinical prognosis (PCP) group.
RESULTS: When hematological and biochemical parameters were compared, white cell, neutrophil, platelet counts, glucose, urea, creatinine and bilirubin levels were significantly higher and lymphocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, sodium and chlorine levels were lower in the PCP group. Moreover, sedimentation, C Reactive Protein (CRP), ferritin, High Sensitive Troponin I, D-dimer and lactate levels were significantly higher among patients with a poor prognosis.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We assessed and identified the more important potential early indicators of prognosis mentioned in the literature that are applicable in the emergency setting. In light of this information, we aimed to establish a basis for the development of future scoring systems.

References

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  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):497-506.
  • Shi S, Qin M, Shen B, et al. Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA cardiology. 2020 Jul 1;5(7):802-10.
  • Guo T, Fan Y, Chen M, et al. Cardiovascular implications of fatal outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA cardiology. 2020 Jul 1;5(7):811-8. Lippi G, Lavie CJ, Sanchis-Gomar F. Cardiac troponin I in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Evidence from a meta-analysis. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020 May-Jun;63(3):390-1. (doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.03.001).
  • Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. The lancet. 2020 Mar 28;395(10229):1054-62.
  • Wan S, Xiang YI, Fang W, et al. Clinical features and treatment of COVID‐19 patients in northeast Chongqing. Journal of medical virology. 2020 Jul;92(7):797-806. Cheng L, Li H, Li L, et al. Ferritin in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19): A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Journal of clinical laboratory analysis. 2020 Oct;34(10):e23618.
  • Li X, Xu S, Yu M, et al. Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2020 Jul 1;146(1):110-8.
  • Price-Haywood EG, Burton J, Fort D, Seoane L. Hospitalization and mortality among black patients and white patients with Covid-19. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020 Jun 25;382(26):2534-43.
Year 2022, Volume: 39 Issue: 2, 511 - 515, 18.03.2022

Abstract

References

  • who.int [internet]. World Health Organization (WHO) Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard; c2021. https://covid19.who.int/ [Accessed: 01.04.2021].
  • Garcia-Castrillo L, Petrino R, Leach R, Dodt C, Behringer W, Khoury A, Sabbe M. European Society For Emergency Medicine position paper on emergency medical systems' response to COVID-19. Eur J Emerg Med. 2020 Jun;27(3):174-177 (doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0000000000000701).
  • covid19.saglik.gov.tr [internet]. Republic Of Turkey, Ministry Of Health; c2020-2021. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/39061/0/covid19rehberieriskinhastatedavisipdf.pdf. 2020. [Accessed: 2021 April 1].
  • Duan J, Wang X, Chi J, et al. Correlation between the variables collected at admission and progression to severe cases during hospitalization among patients with COVID‐19 in Chongqing. Journal of medical virology. 2020 Nov;92(11):2616-22.
  • Moradi EV, Teimouri A, Rezaee R, et al. Increased age, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and white blood cells count are associated with higher COVID-19 mortality. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2021 Feb 1;40:11-4.
  • Zhang JJ, Cao YY, Tan G, et al. Clinical, radiological, and laboratory characteristics and risk factors for severity and mortality of 289 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients. Allergy. 2021 Feb;76(2):533-50.
  • Li X, Xu S, Yu M, et al. Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2020 Jul 1;146(1):110-8.
  • Pan W, Zhang J, Wang M, et al. Clinical features of COVID-19 in patients with essential hypertension and the impacts of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Hypertension. 2020 Sep;76(3):732-41.
  • Zhao Q, Meng M, Kumar R, et al. The impact of COPD and smoking history on the severity of COVID‐19: A systemic review and meta‐analysis. Journal of medical virology. 2020 Oct;92(10):1915-21.
  • Varol Y, Hakoğlu B, Çırak AK, et al. The impact of charlson comorbidity index on mortality from SARS‐CoV‐2 virus infection and A novel COVID‐19 mortality index: CoLACD. International Journal of Clinical Practice. 2021 Apr;75(4):e13858.
  • Bahl A, Van Baalen MN, Ortiz L, et al. Early predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 in a large American cohort. Internal and emergency medicine. 2020 Nov;15(8):1485-99.
  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):497-506.
  • Peiró ÓM, Carrasquer A, Sánchez-Gimenez R, et al. Biomarkers and short-term prognosis in COVID-19. Biomarkers. 2021 Jan 9:1-28.
  • Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Jama. 2020 Mar 17;323(11):1061-9.
  • Hariyanto TI, Japar KV, Kwenandar F, et al. Inflammatory and hematologic markers as predictors of severe outcomes in COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med. 2021 Mar;41:110-119. (doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.12.076).
  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):497-506.
  • Shi S, Qin M, Shen B, et al. Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA cardiology. 2020 Jul 1;5(7):802-10.
  • Guo T, Fan Y, Chen M, et al. Cardiovascular implications of fatal outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA cardiology. 2020 Jul 1;5(7):811-8. Lippi G, Lavie CJ, Sanchis-Gomar F. Cardiac troponin I in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Evidence from a meta-analysis. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020 May-Jun;63(3):390-1. (doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.03.001).
  • Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. The lancet. 2020 Mar 28;395(10229):1054-62.
  • Wan S, Xiang YI, Fang W, et al. Clinical features and treatment of COVID‐19 patients in northeast Chongqing. Journal of medical virology. 2020 Jul;92(7):797-806. Cheng L, Li H, Li L, et al. Ferritin in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19): A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Journal of clinical laboratory analysis. 2020 Oct;34(10):e23618.
  • Li X, Xu S, Yu M, et al. Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2020 Jul 1;146(1):110-8.
  • Price-Haywood EG, Burton J, Fort D, Seoane L. Hospitalization and mortality among black patients and white patients with Covid-19. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020 Jun 25;382(26):2534-43.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Clinical Research
Authors

Onur Hakoğlu 0000-0002-8039-0058

Savaş Sezik 0000-0002-0870-1050

Oktay Okuş This is me 0000-0003-1160-1103

Early Pub Date March 18, 2022
Publication Date March 18, 2022
Submission Date February 9, 2022
Acceptance Date February 21, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 39 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Hakoğlu, O., Sezik, S., & Okuş, O. (2022). Investigation of poor prognostic markers in COVID-19 patients hospitalized from emergency department. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 39(2), 511-515.
AMA Hakoğlu O, Sezik S, Okuş O. Investigation of poor prognostic markers in COVID-19 patients hospitalized from emergency department. J. Exp. Clin. Med. March 2022;39(2):511-515.
Chicago Hakoğlu, Onur, Savaş Sezik, and Oktay Okuş. “Investigation of Poor Prognostic Markers in COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized from Emergency Department”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 39, no. 2 (March 2022): 511-15.
EndNote Hakoğlu O, Sezik S, Okuş O (March 1, 2022) Investigation of poor prognostic markers in COVID-19 patients hospitalized from emergency department. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 39 2 511–515.
IEEE O. Hakoğlu, S. Sezik, and O. Okuş, “Investigation of poor prognostic markers in COVID-19 patients hospitalized from emergency department”, J. Exp. Clin. Med., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 511–515, 2022.
ISNAD Hakoğlu, Onur et al. “Investigation of Poor Prognostic Markers in COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized from Emergency Department”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 39/2 (March 2022), 511-515.
JAMA Hakoğlu O, Sezik S, Okuş O. Investigation of poor prognostic markers in COVID-19 patients hospitalized from emergency department. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2022;39:511–515.
MLA Hakoğlu, Onur et al. “Investigation of Poor Prognostic Markers in COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized from Emergency Department”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, vol. 39, no. 2, 2022, pp. 511-5.
Vancouver Hakoğlu O, Sezik S, Okuş O. Investigation of poor prognostic markers in COVID-19 patients hospitalized from emergency department. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2022;39(2):511-5.