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Evaluation of Sleep Quality and Physical Activity Levels of University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Year 2022, Volume: 39 Issue: 4, 1095 - 1101, 29.10.2022

Abstract

The aim of our study was to investigate the sleep quality and physical activity levels of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted on 128 volunteer students who were studying at Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Vocational School of Health. The data was collected online through the socio-demographic data form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ). The average PSQI score of the students was 8.87±3.47 with 81.3% of the students having poor sleep quality and 18.8% of the students having good sleep quality. The total physical activity score was 1259.73±2183.33 (MET-Min/week). The percentage of students who had no vigorous physical activity was 80.5% and while 59.4% did not do moderate physical activity, and 5.5% did not have adequate walking activity. About 53.1% of the students were not physically active, 32% had low physical activity, and only 14.8% had adequate physical activity. COVID-19 pandemic has had several adverse effects on students' sleep quality and physical activity levels. During the pandemic, we think that students had difficulty forming regular biological rhythms, especially sleep and physical activity, due to various reasons such as concerns about education, quarantine and social isolation. In order to reduce the negative effects of the disease by keeping the immune system strong, necessary information and guidance should be made about quality sleep and adequate physical activity.

References

  • Hammami A, Harrabi B, Mohr M, Krustrup P. Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training. Managing Sport and Leisure. 2020; 1-6. doi:10.1080/23750472.2020.1757494.
  • Şimşek E, Koç K, Özsoy D, Karakuş M. Investigation the Effect of Performing Physical Activity at Home on Sleep Quality and Life Satisfaction During Coronavirus (Covid-19) Outbreak. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology. 2020; 9: 2322-3537.
  • Çıtak Ş, Pekdemi̇r Ü. An Analysis on Sleep Habits and Generalized Anxiety Levels of Individuals during the COVİD-19 Pandemic. Journal of Family Counseling and Education. 2020; 5(1): 60-73. doi: 10.32568/jfce.7420866.
  • Mayda Domaç F, Karacı R. COVID-19 ve Uyku. Uludüz D, Özge A, editor. Nörolojik Bilimler ve COVID-19. 1. Baskı, Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri, 2020, p. 56-60.
  • Pelin Z. Uyku ve bağışıklık sistemi. Zeugma Sağlık Araştırmaları Dergisi.2020; 2(1):46-50.
  • Colbay M, Yuksel S, Fidan F, Acartürk G, Karaman O, Unlü M. Evaluation of the hemodialysis patient with Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Tüberküloz ve Toraks. 2007; 55:167-73.
  • Ayhan FF, Pervane Vural S. Fiziksel aktivite, obezite ve COVID-19. Ayhan FF, Demirbağ Kabayel D, editörler. COVID-19 Pandemisi ve Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2020, p.75-82.
  • Physical Activity and COVID-19 [Internet]. 2020 [cited: 2020 Jul 2] Available from: https://physio-pedia.com/Physical_Activity_and_COVID-19.
  • Campbell JP, Turner JE. Debunking the Myth of exercise-induced immuneSuppression: Redefining the impact of exercise on immunological Health Across the Lifespan. Front Immunol. 2018; 16(9):648.
  • Güzel Özdemir P, Özışık M. COVİD-19 ve sirkadiyen ritim. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2020; 20(3):336.
  • Beyond Sanitizing and Social Distancing – a Healthy Circadian Rhythm May Keep You Sane and Increase Resilience to Fight COVID-19 [Internet]. 2020 [cited: 2020 Jul 3] Available from: https://www.govexec.com/management/2020/04/beyond-sanitizing-and-social-distancing-healthy-circadian-rhythm-may-keep-you-sane-and-increase-resilience-fight-covid-19/164414/.
  • Ceylan Hİ, Saygın Ö, Türkcü ÜÖ. Obezite, Aerobik Egzersiz ve Sirkadiyen Ritim İlişkisi. İstanbul: Gece Akademi; 2005.
  • Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research. 1989; 28:193-213. doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.
  • Ağargün MY, Kara H, Anlar O. Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksinin Geçerliği ve Güvenirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 1996; 7:107-115.
  • Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003; 35:1381-95.
  • Öztürk M. Üniversitede Eğitim-Öğretim Gören Öğrencilerde Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketinin Geçerliliği ve Güvenirliği ve Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi. Ankara (TUR) Hacettepe Üniversitesi. Sağlık Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 2005.
  • Altena E, Baglioni C, Espie CA, Ellis J, Gavriloff D, Holzinger B, et al. Dealing with sleep problems during home confinement due to the COVID‐19 outbreak: Practical recommendations from a task force of the European CBT‐I Academy. J Sleep Res.2020; 29:e13052. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13052.
  • Ong, JL, Lau T, Massar S, Chong Z, Ng B, Koek D, et al. COVID-19 Related Mobility Reduction: Heterogenous Effects on Sleep and Physical Activity Rhythms. SLEEP J. 2020; 1–13. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa179.
  • Casagrande M, Favieri F, Tambelli R, Forte G. The enemy who sealed the world: Effects quarantine due to the COVID-19 on sleep quality, anxiety, and psychological distress in the Italian population. Sleep Medicine. Sleep Med. 2020; 75:12-20. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2020.05.011.
  • Kaparounaki CK, Patsali ME, Mousa DV, Papadopoulou EVK, Papadopoulou KKK, Fountoulakis KN. University students' mental health amidst the COVID-19 quarantine in Greece. Psychiatry Res. 2020; 290:113111. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113111.
  • Huang Y, Zhao N. Chinese mental health burden during the COVID-19 pandemic. Asian J Psychiatr.2020; 51:102052. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102052
  • Cellini N, Canale N, Mioni G, Costa S. Changes in sleep pattern, sense of time and digital media use during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. J Sleep Res. 2020; 15:e13074. doi: 10.1111/jsr.13074.
  • Sahu P. Closure of Universities Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact on Education and Mental Health of Students and Academic Staff. Cureus, 2020; 12(4):e7541. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7541.
  • Alschuler L, Weil A, Horwitz R, Stamets P, Chiasson AM, Crocker R, Maizes V. Integrative considerations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Explore (New York, N.Y.), 2020; S1550-8307(20)30113-0. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2020.03.007.
  • Çetin E. Melatonin ve bağışıklık sistemi. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2005; 2(2):119-123.
  • Morin CM, Carrier J, Bastien C, Godbout R. Canadian Sleep and Circadian Network. Sleep and circadian rhythm in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Can J Public Health. 2020; 111(5):654-657. doi:10.17269/s41997-020-00382-7.
  • Pinto A, Dunstan, D, Owen N, Bonfa, E, Gualano B. Combating physical inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nature Reviews Rheumatology. 2020; 16. 1-2. doi:10.1038/s41584-020-0427-z.
  • Simpson RJ, Katsanis E. The immunological case for staying active during the COVID-19 pandemic. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.2020; 87: 6–7.
  • Kaya Ciddi P. Covid-19 Salgınında Sosyal İzolasyon Sırasında Fiziksel Aktivite Durumunun Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2019; 37: 262-279.
  • Ercan Ş, Keklicek H. Investigation of the Change in Physical Activity Levels of University Students Due to COVID-19 Pandemic. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2020; 5(2):69-74.
  • Maugeri G, Castrogiovanni P, Battaglia G, Pippi R, D'Agata V, Palma A, et al. The impact of physical activity on psychological health during Covid-19 pandemic in Italy. Heliyon, 2020; 6(6): e04315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04315.
  • Gallo LA, Gallo TF, Young SL, Moritz KM, Akison LK. The Impact of Isolation Measures Due to COVID-19 on Energy Intake and Physical Activity Levels in Australian University Students. Nutrients.2020; 12(6):1865. doi:10.3390/nu12061865.
  • Chen P, Mao L, Nassis GP, Harmer P, Ainsworth BE, Li F. Returning Chinese school-aged children and adolescents to physical activity in the wake of COVID-19: Actions and precautions. J Sport Health Sci. 2020; 9(4):322-324. doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2020.04.003
  • Savcı M, Öztürk M, Arıkan H, İnce İ, Tokgözoğlu L. Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyleri. Türk Kardiyol Derneği Araştırmaları. 2006; 34(3):166-172.
  • Serin Y, Tek NA. Effect of Circadian Rhythm on Metabolic Processes and the Regulation of Energy Balance. Ann Nutr Metab. 2019; 74:322–330.
  • Akıncı E, Orhan FÖ. Sirkadiyen Ritim Uyku Bozuklukları. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2016; 8(2):178-189.
  • Shneider A, Kudriavtsev A, Vakhrusheva A. Can melatonin reduce the severity of COVID-19 pandemic?. International Reviews of Immunology. 2020; 39(4): 153–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/08830185.2020.1756284.
  • Meira e Cruz M, Miyazawa M, Gozal D. Putative contributions of circadian clock and sleep in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eur Respir J. 2020; 55(6):2001023.
  • Hower IM, Harper SA, Buford TW. Circadian Rhythms, Exercise, and Cardiovascular Health. Journal of Circadian Rhythms.2018; 16:7. https://doi.org/10.5334/jcr.164.
  • AÇ Tunç, E Zorba, YE Çingöz. Covid 19 Salgını Döneminde Egzersizin Yaşam Kalitesine Etkisi. Uluslararası Güncel Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2020; 6(1):127-135.
Year 2022, Volume: 39 Issue: 4, 1095 - 1101, 29.10.2022

Abstract

References

  • Hammami A, Harrabi B, Mohr M, Krustrup P. Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training. Managing Sport and Leisure. 2020; 1-6. doi:10.1080/23750472.2020.1757494.
  • Şimşek E, Koç K, Özsoy D, Karakuş M. Investigation the Effect of Performing Physical Activity at Home on Sleep Quality and Life Satisfaction During Coronavirus (Covid-19) Outbreak. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology. 2020; 9: 2322-3537.
  • Çıtak Ş, Pekdemi̇r Ü. An Analysis on Sleep Habits and Generalized Anxiety Levels of Individuals during the COVİD-19 Pandemic. Journal of Family Counseling and Education. 2020; 5(1): 60-73. doi: 10.32568/jfce.7420866.
  • Mayda Domaç F, Karacı R. COVID-19 ve Uyku. Uludüz D, Özge A, editor. Nörolojik Bilimler ve COVID-19. 1. Baskı, Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri, 2020, p. 56-60.
  • Pelin Z. Uyku ve bağışıklık sistemi. Zeugma Sağlık Araştırmaları Dergisi.2020; 2(1):46-50.
  • Colbay M, Yuksel S, Fidan F, Acartürk G, Karaman O, Unlü M. Evaluation of the hemodialysis patient with Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Tüberküloz ve Toraks. 2007; 55:167-73.
  • Ayhan FF, Pervane Vural S. Fiziksel aktivite, obezite ve COVID-19. Ayhan FF, Demirbağ Kabayel D, editörler. COVID-19 Pandemisi ve Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2020, p.75-82.
  • Physical Activity and COVID-19 [Internet]. 2020 [cited: 2020 Jul 2] Available from: https://physio-pedia.com/Physical_Activity_and_COVID-19.
  • Campbell JP, Turner JE. Debunking the Myth of exercise-induced immuneSuppression: Redefining the impact of exercise on immunological Health Across the Lifespan. Front Immunol. 2018; 16(9):648.
  • Güzel Özdemir P, Özışık M. COVİD-19 ve sirkadiyen ritim. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2020; 20(3):336.
  • Beyond Sanitizing and Social Distancing – a Healthy Circadian Rhythm May Keep You Sane and Increase Resilience to Fight COVID-19 [Internet]. 2020 [cited: 2020 Jul 3] Available from: https://www.govexec.com/management/2020/04/beyond-sanitizing-and-social-distancing-healthy-circadian-rhythm-may-keep-you-sane-and-increase-resilience-fight-covid-19/164414/.
  • Ceylan Hİ, Saygın Ö, Türkcü ÜÖ. Obezite, Aerobik Egzersiz ve Sirkadiyen Ritim İlişkisi. İstanbul: Gece Akademi; 2005.
  • Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research. 1989; 28:193-213. doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.
  • Ağargün MY, Kara H, Anlar O. Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksinin Geçerliği ve Güvenirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 1996; 7:107-115.
  • Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003; 35:1381-95.
  • Öztürk M. Üniversitede Eğitim-Öğretim Gören Öğrencilerde Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketinin Geçerliliği ve Güvenirliği ve Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi. Ankara (TUR) Hacettepe Üniversitesi. Sağlık Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 2005.
  • Altena E, Baglioni C, Espie CA, Ellis J, Gavriloff D, Holzinger B, et al. Dealing with sleep problems during home confinement due to the COVID‐19 outbreak: Practical recommendations from a task force of the European CBT‐I Academy. J Sleep Res.2020; 29:e13052. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13052.
  • Ong, JL, Lau T, Massar S, Chong Z, Ng B, Koek D, et al. COVID-19 Related Mobility Reduction: Heterogenous Effects on Sleep and Physical Activity Rhythms. SLEEP J. 2020; 1–13. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa179.
  • Casagrande M, Favieri F, Tambelli R, Forte G. The enemy who sealed the world: Effects quarantine due to the COVID-19 on sleep quality, anxiety, and psychological distress in the Italian population. Sleep Medicine. Sleep Med. 2020; 75:12-20. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2020.05.011.
  • Kaparounaki CK, Patsali ME, Mousa DV, Papadopoulou EVK, Papadopoulou KKK, Fountoulakis KN. University students' mental health amidst the COVID-19 quarantine in Greece. Psychiatry Res. 2020; 290:113111. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113111.
  • Huang Y, Zhao N. Chinese mental health burden during the COVID-19 pandemic. Asian J Psychiatr.2020; 51:102052. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102052
  • Cellini N, Canale N, Mioni G, Costa S. Changes in sleep pattern, sense of time and digital media use during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. J Sleep Res. 2020; 15:e13074. doi: 10.1111/jsr.13074.
  • Sahu P. Closure of Universities Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact on Education and Mental Health of Students and Academic Staff. Cureus, 2020; 12(4):e7541. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7541.
  • Alschuler L, Weil A, Horwitz R, Stamets P, Chiasson AM, Crocker R, Maizes V. Integrative considerations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Explore (New York, N.Y.), 2020; S1550-8307(20)30113-0. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2020.03.007.
  • Çetin E. Melatonin ve bağışıklık sistemi. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2005; 2(2):119-123.
  • Morin CM, Carrier J, Bastien C, Godbout R. Canadian Sleep and Circadian Network. Sleep and circadian rhythm in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Can J Public Health. 2020; 111(5):654-657. doi:10.17269/s41997-020-00382-7.
  • Pinto A, Dunstan, D, Owen N, Bonfa, E, Gualano B. Combating physical inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nature Reviews Rheumatology. 2020; 16. 1-2. doi:10.1038/s41584-020-0427-z.
  • Simpson RJ, Katsanis E. The immunological case for staying active during the COVID-19 pandemic. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.2020; 87: 6–7.
  • Kaya Ciddi P. Covid-19 Salgınında Sosyal İzolasyon Sırasında Fiziksel Aktivite Durumunun Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2019; 37: 262-279.
  • Ercan Ş, Keklicek H. Investigation of the Change in Physical Activity Levels of University Students Due to COVID-19 Pandemic. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2020; 5(2):69-74.
  • Maugeri G, Castrogiovanni P, Battaglia G, Pippi R, D'Agata V, Palma A, et al. The impact of physical activity on psychological health during Covid-19 pandemic in Italy. Heliyon, 2020; 6(6): e04315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04315.
  • Gallo LA, Gallo TF, Young SL, Moritz KM, Akison LK. The Impact of Isolation Measures Due to COVID-19 on Energy Intake and Physical Activity Levels in Australian University Students. Nutrients.2020; 12(6):1865. doi:10.3390/nu12061865.
  • Chen P, Mao L, Nassis GP, Harmer P, Ainsworth BE, Li F. Returning Chinese school-aged children and adolescents to physical activity in the wake of COVID-19: Actions and precautions. J Sport Health Sci. 2020; 9(4):322-324. doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2020.04.003
  • Savcı M, Öztürk M, Arıkan H, İnce İ, Tokgözoğlu L. Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyleri. Türk Kardiyol Derneği Araştırmaları. 2006; 34(3):166-172.
  • Serin Y, Tek NA. Effect of Circadian Rhythm on Metabolic Processes and the Regulation of Energy Balance. Ann Nutr Metab. 2019; 74:322–330.
  • Akıncı E, Orhan FÖ. Sirkadiyen Ritim Uyku Bozuklukları. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2016; 8(2):178-189.
  • Shneider A, Kudriavtsev A, Vakhrusheva A. Can melatonin reduce the severity of COVID-19 pandemic?. International Reviews of Immunology. 2020; 39(4): 153–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/08830185.2020.1756284.
  • Meira e Cruz M, Miyazawa M, Gozal D. Putative contributions of circadian clock and sleep in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eur Respir J. 2020; 55(6):2001023.
  • Hower IM, Harper SA, Buford TW. Circadian Rhythms, Exercise, and Cardiovascular Health. Journal of Circadian Rhythms.2018; 16:7. https://doi.org/10.5334/jcr.164.
  • AÇ Tunç, E Zorba, YE Çingöz. Covid 19 Salgını Döneminde Egzersizin Yaşam Kalitesine Etkisi. Uluslararası Güncel Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2020; 6(1):127-135.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Clinical Research
Authors

Ramazan Güneşer 0000-0001-7877-4397

Aydın Him 0000-0003-3279-1524

Publication Date October 29, 2022
Submission Date February 3, 2022
Acceptance Date July 6, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 39 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Güneşer, R., & Him, A. (2022). Evaluation of Sleep Quality and Physical Activity Levels of University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 39(4), 1095-1101.
AMA Güneşer R, Him A. Evaluation of Sleep Quality and Physical Activity Levels of University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J. Exp. Clin. Med. October 2022;39(4):1095-1101.
Chicago Güneşer, Ramazan, and Aydın Him. “Evaluation of Sleep Quality and Physical Activity Levels of University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 39, no. 4 (October 2022): 1095-1101.
EndNote Güneşer R, Him A (October 1, 2022) Evaluation of Sleep Quality and Physical Activity Levels of University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 39 4 1095–1101.
IEEE R. Güneşer and A. Him, “Evaluation of Sleep Quality and Physical Activity Levels of University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic”, J. Exp. Clin. Med., vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 1095–1101, 2022.
ISNAD Güneşer, Ramazan - Him, Aydın. “Evaluation of Sleep Quality and Physical Activity Levels of University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 39/4 (October 2022), 1095-1101.
JAMA Güneşer R, Him A. Evaluation of Sleep Quality and Physical Activity Levels of University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2022;39:1095–1101.
MLA Güneşer, Ramazan and Aydın Him. “Evaluation of Sleep Quality and Physical Activity Levels of University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, vol. 39, no. 4, 2022, pp. 1095-01.
Vancouver Güneşer R, Him A. Evaluation of Sleep Quality and Physical Activity Levels of University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2022;39(4):1095-101.