Association between COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy and SGA in a rural area

Year 2024, Volume: 41 Issue: 3, 515 - 518, 30.09.2024

Pakize Özge Karkın , Gözde Sezer

Abstract

Vaccines were the most crucial factor in ending the COVID-19 pandemic. Different types of COVID-19 vaccines were administered worldwide to all ages, including pregnant women. This study aimed to evaluate if different types of COVID-19 vaccines applied during pregnancy affect the "Small for Gestational Age" (SGA) incidence in a rural area of Turkey. A retrospective cohort study was performed with 146 completed pregnancies between 2021 and 2022. The health repository was scanned to obtain COVID-19 vaccination status during pregnancy, the type of COVID-19 vaccine administered and fetal birth weight. The presence of SGA was detected by using a gender-specific Fenton growth chart in newborns. We investigated the incidence of SGA for the whole study population and vaccinated group, as well as the types and trimesters of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. There was no statistical significance between all pregnancies and vaccinated women during pregnancy in terms of SGA incidence (p>0.05). Either COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy or type of COVID-19 vaccines or trimester of application did not statistically change the incidence of SGA (p>0.05). Pregnant women are skeptical about the COVID-19 vaccine, but inactivated and mRNA COVID-19 vaccine administration during pregnancy seems safe in terms of SGA incidence.

Keywords

COVID-19, small for gestational age, vaccination, COVID-19 vaccines, pregnancy

Ethical Statement

The study was conducted in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki. The approval for the study was obtained from ethics committee of University of Health Sciences, İstanbul Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital with the number 2021.12,336. For the implementation of the study, permission was obtained from Ministry of Health of the Republic of Türkiye.

Supporting Institution

none

References

• Altın Z. Covid-19 pandemisinde yaşlılar. Tepecik Eğit. ve Araşt. Hast. Dergisi. 2020;30:49-57.
• Dsouza DD, Quadros S, Hyderabadwala ZJ, Mamun MA. Aggregated COVID-19 suicide incidences in India: Fear of COVID-19 infection is the prominent causative factor. Psychiatry Res. 2020;290:113145.
• NASPAG Position Statement on COVID-19 Vaccines and Gynecologic Concerns in Adolescents and Young Adults. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2021;34(4):439-440.
• Jing Y, Run-Qian L, Hao-Ran W, Hao-Ran C, Ya-Bin L, Yang G, et al. Potential influence of COVID-19/ACE2 on the female reproductive system. Mol Hum Reprod. 2020;26(6):367-373.
• Seymen CM. COVID-19 pandemisinin kadın fertilitesi üzerine etkileri. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020; 5(3): 1-7.
• Yıldırım Baş F. Pandemide aşılamanın önemi ve COVİD 19 aşılama çalışmaları. SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021; 28: 245-248.
• Li M, Wang H, Tian L, Pang Z, Yang Q, Huang T, et al. COVID-19 vaccine development: milestones, lessons and prospects. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022;7(1):146.
• Park JW, Lagniton PNP, Liu Y, Xu RH. mRNA vaccines for COVID-19: what, why and how. Int J Biol Sci. 2021;17(6):1446-1460.
• Wainstock T, Yoles I, Sergienko R, Sheiner E. Prenatal maternal COVID-19 vaccination and pregnancy outcomes. Vaccine. 2021;39(41):6037-6040.
• Gurol-Urganci I, Jardine JE, Carroll F, Draycott T, Dunn G, Fremeaux A, et al. Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection at the time of birth in England: national cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;225(5):522.
• Hadar E, Dollinger S, Wiznitzer A. Coronavirus disease and vaccination during pregnancy and childbirth: a review of the Israeli perspective and experience. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022;35(25):7794-7805.
• Trostle ME, Limaye MA, Avtushka V, Lighter JL, Penfield CA, Roman AS. COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy: early experience from a single institution. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2021;3(6):100464.
• Arcangeli T, Thilaganathan B, Hooper R, Khan KS, Bhide A. Neurodevelopmental delay in small babies at term: a systematic review. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2012;40(3):267-275.
• Köksal N, Özkan H, Gider C, Kılıçbay İ, Kılıçbay F, Can S, et al. Gestasyon Haftasına Göre Düşük Doğum Ağırlığı SGA Olan Bebeklerin Uzun Süreli İzlemi. Güncel Pediatri. 2004; 2(2): 73-79.
• Gökçay G, Furman A, Neyzi O. Updated growth curves for Turkish children aged 15 days to 60 months. Child Care Health Dev. 2008;34(4):454-63.
• Fenton TR, Kim JH. A systematic review and meta-analysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for preterm infants. BMC Pediatr. 2013;13:59.
• Centers for disease control and prevention. COVID-19 Vaccines While Pregnant or Breastfeeding. [Internet]. 2022 [Updated Oct. 20, 2022; cited 2024 Jan]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations/pregnancy.html
• Maternal – Fetal Tıp ve Perinatoloji Derneği [Internet]. Gebelerde ve Emziren Annelerde Covıd-19 Aşıları İle İlgili Türkiye Maternal Fetal Tıp Ve Perinatoloji Derneği Görüşü. 2021 [Updated Oct. 20, 2022; cited 2024 Jan]. Available from: https://www.tmftp.org/files/uzman-gorusleri/gebelerde_covid19_asisi.pdf.
• Lipkind HS, Vazquez-Benitez G, DeSilva M, Vesco KK, Ackerman-Banks C, Zhu J, et al. Receipt of COVID-19 Vaccine During Pregnancy and Preterm or Small-for-Gestational-Age at Birth - Eight Integrated Health Care Organizations, United States, December 15, 2020-July 22, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(1):26-30.
• Ma Y, Shan Z, Gu Y, Huang Y. Safety and efficacy of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in women vaccinated during the first trimester of pregnancy. Int J Infect Dis. 2023;130:196-202.
• Rahmati M, Yon DK, Lee SW, Butler L, Koyanagi A, Jacob L, et al. Effects of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy on SARS-CoV-2 infection and maternal and neonatal outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol. 2023;33(3):e2434.
• Blakeway H, Prasad S, Kalafat E, Heath PT, Ladhani SN, Le Doare K, et al. COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy: coverage and safety. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;226(2):236.e1-236.e14