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Is the risk of colorectal cancer increased after a diverticulitis attack? Is routine colonoscopy necessary? Our clinical experience

Year 2025, Volume: 42 Issue: 2, 139 - 142, 30.06.2025

Abstract

Diverticular disease is common, particularly in Western societies and in older age groups. Diverticulitis, occurring in 10–25% of cases, is the most frequent complication of this condition. Computed tomography (CT) is the standard imaging modality for diagnosing diverticulitis. Previous studies have demonstrated an increased incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in colonoscopies performed after episodes of diverticulitis and its complications. This study aims to evaluate the necessity of colonoscopic assessment in differentiating colorectal cancers in patients diagnosed with diverticulitis and its complications via abdominal CT. Between January 2018 and December 2024, 290 cases diagnosed with diverticular disease and its complications were retrospectively analyzed in the General Surgery Department of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Training and Research Hospital. Twenty-one patients were excluded from the study due to mortality following perforation or lack of follow-up. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from hospital records. Among the 269 patients included in the study, malignancy was detected in 37 (13.8%) cases after elective colonoscopy. The mean age of patients diagnosed with colorectal malignancy was 70.3 ± 9.7 years, which was statistically significantly higher compared to patients without malignancy. CT evaluations of wall thickening at the diverticulitis site revealed malignancy in 22 of 105 patients (21%) with localized wall thickening. Additionally, tumors were identified in 12 of 13 patients (92.3%) with wall thickening in colonic segments outside the site of diverticular disease. The risk of malignancy in patients with diverticulitis increases with age. Many studies have recognized an increased incidence of colorectal cancer following diverticulitis episodes. Based on our findings, we recommend performing elective colonoscopy 6–8 weeks after the treatment process in patients presenting with diverticulitis due to the high prevalence of colorectal malignancies. While CT is considered the standard method for diagnosing diverticulitis, its limitations in detecting colorectal cancer should be acknowledged

Ethical Statement

This study was approved by the Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Faculty of Medicine (Approval Date: October 1, 2024; Approval Number: 2024/258).

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References

  • Mäntymäki LM, Grönroos J, Riskumäki M, Vahlberg T, Karvonen J. Risk for colorectal cancer after computed tomography verified acute diverticulitis: A retrospective cohort study with long-term follow-up. Scand J Surg. 2023;112(3):157-63.
  • Strate LL, Morris AM. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of diverticulitis. Gastroenterology. 2019;156(5):1282-98.
  • Hall J, Hardiman K, Lee S, Lightner A, Stocchi L, Paquette IM, et al. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of left-sided colonic diverticulitis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2020;63(6):728-47.
  • Koo CH, Chang JH, Syn NL, Wee IJ, Mathew R. Systematic review and meta-analysis on colorectal cancer findings on colonic evaluation after CT-confirmed acute diverticulitis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2020;63(5):701-9.
  • Meyer J, Orci LA, Combescure C, Balaphas A, Morel P, Buchs NC, et al. Risk of colorectal cancer in patients with acute diverticulitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;17(8):1448-56.
  • Stollman N, Smalley W, Hirano I, Adams MA, Dorn SD, Dudley-Brown SL, et al. American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on the management of acute diverticulitis. Gastroenterology. 2015;149(7):1944-9.
  • Jin-Dominguez F, Mansoor E, Panhwar MS, Abou-Saleh M, Isenberg G, Wong RC, et al. Epidemiology of diverticulitis and prevalence of first-ever colorectal cancer postdiverticulitis in adults in the United States: a population-based national study. Dis Colon Rectum. 2021;64(2):181-9.
  • Rottier SJ, Dijk ST, Geloven AAW, Schreurs WH, Draaisma WA, Enst WA, et al. Meta-analysis of the role of colonoscopy after an episode of left-sided acute diverticulitis. Br J Surg. 2019;106(8):988-97.
  • Sharma PV, Eglinton T, Hider P, Frizelle F. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of routine colonic evaluation after radiologically confirmed acute diverticulitis. Ann Surg. 2014;259(2):263-72.
  • Jin-Dominguez F, Mansoor E, Panhwar MS, Abou-Saleh M, Isenberg G, Wong RC, et al. Epidemiology of diverticulitis and prevalence of first-ever colorectal cancer postdiverticulitis in adults in the United States: a population-based national study. Dis Colon Rectum. 2021;64(2):181-9.
  • Granlund J, Svensson T, Granath F, Hjern F, Ekbom A, Blomqvist P, et al. Diverticular disease and the risk of colon cancer–a population‐based case–control study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;34(6):675-81.
  • Ma W, Walker MM, Thuresson M, Roelstraete B, Sköldberg F, Olén O, et al. Cancer risk in patients with diverticular disease: a nationwide cohort study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2023;115(1):62-70.
  • Gryspeerdt S, Lefere P. Chronic diverticulitis vs. colorectal cancer: findings on CT colonography. Abdom Imaging. 2012;37:1101-9.
  • Grahnat CJ, Hérard S, Ackzell A, Andersson RE. High probability of an underlying colorectal cancer among patients treated for acute diverticulitis. A population-based cohort follow-up study. World J Surg. 2016;40:2283-8.
  • Brar MS, Roxin G, Yaffe PB, Stanger J, MacLean AR, Buie WD. Colonoscopy following nonoperative management of uncomplicated diverticulitis may not be warranted. Dis Colon Rectum. 2013;56(11):1259-64.
  • Sartelli M, Weber DG, Kluger Y, Ansaloni L, Coccolini F, Abu-Zidan F, et al. 2020 update of the WSES guidelines for the management of acute colonic diverticulitis in the emergency setting. World J Emerg Surg. 2020;15:1-18.
  • Lahat A, Yanai H, Menachem Y, Avidan B, Bar-Meir S. The feasibility and risk of early colonoscopy in acute diverticulitis: a prospective controlled study. Endoscopy. 2007;39(6):521-4.
  • Gorgun E, Isik O, Sapci I, Aytac E, Abbas MA, Ozuner G, et al. Colonoscopy-induced acute diverticulitis: myth or reality? Surg Endosc. 2018;32:3290-4.
  • Fejleh MP, Tabibian JH. Colonoscopic management of diverticular disease. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2020;12(2):53.
  • Peery AF, Shaukat A, Strate LL. AGA clinical practice update on medical management of colonic diverticulitis: expert review. Gastroenterology. 2021;160(3):906-11.

Divertikülit atağı sonrası kolorektal kanser riskinde artış ne kadardır? Rutin kolonoskopi gerekli mi? Klinik deneyimlerimiz.

Year 2025, Volume: 42 Issue: 2, 139 - 142, 30.06.2025

Abstract

Giriş: Divertiküler hastalık, özellikle batılı toplumlarda ve ileri yaşlarda sık olarak görülmektedir. En Hastalığın %10-25 kadarında görülebilen divertikülit ise en sık görülen komplikasyondur. Divertikülit tanısından standart kabul edilen görüntüleme bilgisayarlı tomografidir. Literatürde, divertikülit ve komplikasyonları sonrasında yapılan kolonoskopilerde kolon kanseri görülme sıklığında bir artış olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, batın BT sonrasında divertikülit ve komplikasyonları tanısı konulan hastalarda, kolorektal kanserleri ayırt edebilmek için kolonoskopik değerlendirme yapılıp yapılmamasını analiz etmektir.
Materyal ve metod: Çalışmamızda Ocak 2018- Aralık 2024 tarihleri arasında T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Genel Cerrahi Kliniğinde divertiküler hastalık ve komplikasyonları nedeniyle 290 olgu retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Bu hastalardan, 21’i perforasyon sonrası mortalite oluşması veya takiplerinin bulunamaması gibi nedenlerle çalışma dışı bırakılmıştır. Hastaların demografik ve klinik özellikleri, hastane kayıtlarından elde edilmiştir.
Sonuçlar: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 269 hastanın ise 37(%13,8)’sinde elektif kolonoskopi sonrasında malignite saptanmıştır. Kolorektal malignite saptanan hastaların yaş ortalaması, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olacak şekilde 70,3±9,7 saptanarak malignite görülmeyen hastalara göre daha yüksektir. Bilgisayarlı tomografilerde duvar kalınlığının lokalizasyonu açısından değerlendirme yapılmış ve divertikülit ve komplikasyonlarının olduğu lokalizasyondaki duvar kalınlık artışı olan 105 hastanın %21(n=22)’sinde malignite saptanmıştır. Divertiküler hastalık lokalizasyon dışında farklı bir kolonik segmentte duvar kalınlığı olan toplam 13 hastanın ise %92.3 (n=12)’ünde tümör saptanmıştır
Tartışma: Divertikülit hastalarında malignite riski yaş ile birlikte artmaktadır. Divertikülit atağı sonrası kolorektal kanserlerin görülme sıklığı konusunda yapılan birçok çalışmada, bir artış olduğu kabul görmüştür. Çalışmamızda, divertikülit atağı ile gelen hastaya, kolorektal malignite oranlarının yüksek olması nedeniyle tedavi süreci sonunda 6-8 hafta sonra elektif kolonoskopi yapılmasını önermekteyiz. BT’nin, divertikülit tanısı için standart bir yöntem olduğu düşünülse de kolorektal kanser tanısının atlanmasına neden olabileceği akılda tutulmalıdır.

References

  • Mäntymäki LM, Grönroos J, Riskumäki M, Vahlberg T, Karvonen J. Risk for colorectal cancer after computed tomography verified acute diverticulitis: A retrospective cohort study with long-term follow-up. Scand J Surg. 2023;112(3):157-63.
  • Strate LL, Morris AM. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of diverticulitis. Gastroenterology. 2019;156(5):1282-98.
  • Hall J, Hardiman K, Lee S, Lightner A, Stocchi L, Paquette IM, et al. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of left-sided colonic diverticulitis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2020;63(6):728-47.
  • Koo CH, Chang JH, Syn NL, Wee IJ, Mathew R. Systematic review and meta-analysis on colorectal cancer findings on colonic evaluation after CT-confirmed acute diverticulitis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2020;63(5):701-9.
  • Meyer J, Orci LA, Combescure C, Balaphas A, Morel P, Buchs NC, et al. Risk of colorectal cancer in patients with acute diverticulitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;17(8):1448-56.
  • Stollman N, Smalley W, Hirano I, Adams MA, Dorn SD, Dudley-Brown SL, et al. American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on the management of acute diverticulitis. Gastroenterology. 2015;149(7):1944-9.
  • Jin-Dominguez F, Mansoor E, Panhwar MS, Abou-Saleh M, Isenberg G, Wong RC, et al. Epidemiology of diverticulitis and prevalence of first-ever colorectal cancer postdiverticulitis in adults in the United States: a population-based national study. Dis Colon Rectum. 2021;64(2):181-9.
  • Rottier SJ, Dijk ST, Geloven AAW, Schreurs WH, Draaisma WA, Enst WA, et al. Meta-analysis of the role of colonoscopy after an episode of left-sided acute diverticulitis. Br J Surg. 2019;106(8):988-97.
  • Sharma PV, Eglinton T, Hider P, Frizelle F. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of routine colonic evaluation after radiologically confirmed acute diverticulitis. Ann Surg. 2014;259(2):263-72.
  • Jin-Dominguez F, Mansoor E, Panhwar MS, Abou-Saleh M, Isenberg G, Wong RC, et al. Epidemiology of diverticulitis and prevalence of first-ever colorectal cancer postdiverticulitis in adults in the United States: a population-based national study. Dis Colon Rectum. 2021;64(2):181-9.
  • Granlund J, Svensson T, Granath F, Hjern F, Ekbom A, Blomqvist P, et al. Diverticular disease and the risk of colon cancer–a population‐based case–control study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;34(6):675-81.
  • Ma W, Walker MM, Thuresson M, Roelstraete B, Sköldberg F, Olén O, et al. Cancer risk in patients with diverticular disease: a nationwide cohort study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2023;115(1):62-70.
  • Gryspeerdt S, Lefere P. Chronic diverticulitis vs. colorectal cancer: findings on CT colonography. Abdom Imaging. 2012;37:1101-9.
  • Grahnat CJ, Hérard S, Ackzell A, Andersson RE. High probability of an underlying colorectal cancer among patients treated for acute diverticulitis. A population-based cohort follow-up study. World J Surg. 2016;40:2283-8.
  • Brar MS, Roxin G, Yaffe PB, Stanger J, MacLean AR, Buie WD. Colonoscopy following nonoperative management of uncomplicated diverticulitis may not be warranted. Dis Colon Rectum. 2013;56(11):1259-64.
  • Sartelli M, Weber DG, Kluger Y, Ansaloni L, Coccolini F, Abu-Zidan F, et al. 2020 update of the WSES guidelines for the management of acute colonic diverticulitis in the emergency setting. World J Emerg Surg. 2020;15:1-18.
  • Lahat A, Yanai H, Menachem Y, Avidan B, Bar-Meir S. The feasibility and risk of early colonoscopy in acute diverticulitis: a prospective controlled study. Endoscopy. 2007;39(6):521-4.
  • Gorgun E, Isik O, Sapci I, Aytac E, Abbas MA, Ozuner G, et al. Colonoscopy-induced acute diverticulitis: myth or reality? Surg Endosc. 2018;32:3290-4.
  • Fejleh MP, Tabibian JH. Colonoscopic management of diverticular disease. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2020;12(2):53.
  • Peery AF, Shaukat A, Strate LL. AGA clinical practice update on medical management of colonic diverticulitis: expert review. Gastroenterology. 2021;160(3):906-11.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects General Surgery
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ali Özdemir 0000-0002-6435-1868

Osman Bandırmalı 0000-0002-8117-8841

Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date December 6, 2024
Acceptance Date April 16, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 42 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özdemir, A., & Bandırmalı, O. (2025). Is the risk of colorectal cancer increased after a diverticulitis attack? Is routine colonoscopy necessary? Our clinical experience. Deneysel Ve Klinik Tıp Dergisi, 42(2), 139-142.
AMA Özdemir A, Bandırmalı O. Is the risk of colorectal cancer increased after a diverticulitis attack? Is routine colonoscopy necessary? Our clinical experience. J. Exp. Clin. Med. June 2025;42(2):139-142.
Chicago Özdemir, Ali, and Osman Bandırmalı. “Is the Risk of Colorectal Cancer Increased After a Diverticulitis Attack? Is Routine Colonoscopy Necessary? Our Clinical Experience”. Deneysel Ve Klinik Tıp Dergisi 42, no. 2 (June 2025): 139-42.
EndNote Özdemir A, Bandırmalı O (June 1, 2025) Is the risk of colorectal cancer increased after a diverticulitis attack? Is routine colonoscopy necessary? Our clinical experience. Deneysel ve Klinik Tıp Dergisi 42 2 139–142.
IEEE A. Özdemir and O. Bandırmalı, “Is the risk of colorectal cancer increased after a diverticulitis attack? Is routine colonoscopy necessary? Our clinical experience”, J. Exp. Clin. Med., vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 139–142, 2025.
ISNAD Özdemir, Ali - Bandırmalı, Osman. “Is the Risk of Colorectal Cancer Increased After a Diverticulitis Attack? Is Routine Colonoscopy Necessary? Our Clinical Experience”. Deneysel ve Klinik Tıp Dergisi 42/2 (June 2025), 139-142.
JAMA Özdemir A, Bandırmalı O. Is the risk of colorectal cancer increased after a diverticulitis attack? Is routine colonoscopy necessary? Our clinical experience. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2025;42:139–142.
MLA Özdemir, Ali and Osman Bandırmalı. “Is the Risk of Colorectal Cancer Increased After a Diverticulitis Attack? Is Routine Colonoscopy Necessary? Our Clinical Experience”. Deneysel Ve Klinik Tıp Dergisi, vol. 42, no. 2, 2025, pp. 139-42.
Vancouver Özdemir A, Bandırmalı O. Is the risk of colorectal cancer increased after a diverticulitis attack? Is routine colonoscopy necessary? Our clinical experience. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2025;42(2):139-42.